...The Crusades In 1095 an assembly of churchmen called by Pope Urban II met at Clermont, France. Messengers from the Byzantine Emperor Alexius Comnenus had urged the pope to send help against the armies of Muslim Turks. On November 27 the pope addressed the assembly and asked the warriors of Europe to liberate the Holy Land from the Muslims. The response of the assembly was overwhelmingly favorable. Thus was launched the first and most successful of at least eight crusades against the Muslim caliphates of the Near East. "God wills it!" That was the battle cry of the thousands of Christians who joined crusades to free the Holy Land from the Muslims. From 1096 to 1270 there were eight major crusades and two children's crusades, both in the year 1212. Only the First and Third Crusades were successful. In the long history of the Crusades, thousands of knights, soldiers, merchants, and peasants lost their lives on the march or in battle. 1095: Beginning of the Crusades In 1095 an assembly of churchmen called by Pope Urban II met at Clermont, France. Messengers from the Byzantine Emperor Alexius Comnenus had urged the pope to send help against the armies of Muslim Turks. On November 27 the pope addressed the assembly and asked the warriors of Europe to liberate the Holy Land from the Muslims. The response of the assembly was overwhelmingly favorable. Thus was launched the first and most successful of at least eight crusades against the Muslim caliphates of the Near East. The...
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...The Assassins refined the murder-for-profit business, cultivating Islamic religious fanaticism among young men to manipulate them to willingly sacrifice their own lives in order to kill. According to legend, Count Henry of Champagne, returning in 1194 to the crusader kingdom of Outremer from a military expedition to Armenia, stopped to visit the famous castle Alamut in the Elburz Mountains in what is now northwestern Iran. The castle, whose name meant "eagle's nest," was perched atop a high cliff amid spectacular mountain scenery, and was approachable only by a narrow, well-guarded valley. Alamut had been constructed centuries earlier, and had been taken over in 1090 by Hasan-iSabbah, a leader of the Ismailis, a sect of Shia Islam with a strong esoteric bent. The community housed at Alamut and the surrounding countryside called themselves Nizaris, but to the rest of the world, had become known by a different name - the Hashashin, or Assassins. The sheikh who presided at Alamut, nicknamed "the Old Man of the Mountain" since Hasan-i-Sabbah's time, was rumored to command a secret legion of fedayeen, or holy warriors, perfectly trained in the arts of espionage, infiltration, and murder, who were willing - indeed, expected - to give their lives to destroy designated enemies. The Assassins were murderers for hire, able to infiltrate the most tightly guarded palaces and royal entourages, and to assassinate kings, noblemen, and generals, Christian or Muslim, if the price was right...
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...Wonder Woman is a character initially created for comic book in 1941, the medium in which she is still most prominently found to this day. As befitting an icon of her status, she has made appearances in other forms of media and has been referenced and meta-referenced beyond the scope of traditional superhero entertainment. For several years in the 1950s, the only three superheroes to have their own comic book were Superman, Batman, and Wonder Woman. The cultural impact of the character, once derided by psychologists and anti-comic book crusaders as an anti-male lesbian, has steadily increased over the years, having served as an iconic exemplar of the feminist movement and a continuing symbol of female empowerment. As such, she appears in numerous media, from cereal box covers and popular magazines to being referenced both directly and indirectly in film, animation and television programming. As a cultural icon, she is the subject of several homages and parodies in many forms of media. In art Wonder Woman is the subject of a 1978 - 1979 video art piece Technology/Transformation: Wonder Woman. In this work she uses appropriated images of Wonder Woman to subvert the ideology and meaning embedded in the television series. Author T.J. Demos writes, "(the) opening with a prolonged salvo of fiery explosions accompanied by the warning cry of a siren, Technology/Transformation: Wonder Woman is supercharged, action-packed, and visually riveting... throughout its nearly six minutes...
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...inhabitant’s thoughts and beliefs on everyday life. In Alice Walker short story Everyday Use she talks about a certain heritage of the Johnson’s family depicted in the South in the1960s. The story main characters are Dee, the narrator, Mrs. Johnson (Dee’s mother), and Maggie Dee’s sisters. The story starts with Mrs. Johnson and Maggie waiting on Dee to arrive who arrives with a gentleman when Maggie and Mrs. Johnson learn that Dee has changed her name to Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo to find her root. The story is evolved around the family’s heritage of...
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...comics. In addition to DC's comic books, he has appeared in movies, television shows, and novels. Batman is known as being an unusually (though not uniquely) grim superhero, particularly for a Golden Age character. He is driven by vengeance, and wears a frightening costume to scare criminals. The contrast to characters like Superman is stark. The grimness is not a constant; in some incarnations of the character (notably the television series of the 1960s, and many of the comic books from the 1950s and 60s), it evaporates into camp and even comedy. In fact, during the 1950s (when the popularity of superhero comics had declined considerably), Batman and Robin engaged in a number of science fiction adventures that resembled the comic book stories of Superman of the time. They had a number of time travel adventures, traveling into outer space regularly; and Batman even acquired a crime-fighting mascot (Ace, The Bat-Hound) and an annoying extra-dimensional imp named Bat-Mite, who had powers similar to Superman's own Mr. Mxyzptlk. In 1953, the book Seduction of the Innocent by psychologist Frederic Wertham used Batman and Robin, among several examples, to attack the comic book medium. He insinuated that Batman and Robin had a pedophilic relationship, and asserted that the bare legs in Robin's costume encouraged homosexuality. He also criticized the dark and violent portrayals of crime in comic books as promoting juvenile delinquency. He succeeded in raising a public outcry, eventually...
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...on the book Welcome to the Monkey House: A Collection of Short Works by Kurt Vonnegut. Welcome to the Monkey House: A Collection of Short Works consists of 25 short stories most of which had previously appeared in magazines such as The Atlantic Monthly, Ladies Home Journal, Fantasy and Science Fiction Magazine, Collier’s Magazine, Saturday Evening Post, The New York Times, Esquire, Venture, and Cosmopolitan. The title story appeared in Playboy magazine the same year the collection was released. Eleven of the stories were reprinted from Vonnegut’s 1961 short story collection Canary in a Cat House (Vonnegut). This paper will focus on four futuristic science fiction stories from the collection. These stories, “Welcome to the Monkey House”, “Harrison Bergeron”, “Tomorrow and Tomorrow and Tomorrow”, and “Unready to Wear” all share a dystopian science fiction theme. Science and technology are supposed to make the world a better place, but instead, Vonnegut concludes they only create a new set of problems (Farrell, “Science and Technology in the Works of Kurt Vonnegut”). Television is often a target of satire in much of his fiction from the 1950’s. He describes it as desensitizing and numbing while deceiving the masses (Werlock). Vonnegut uses satire and pessimism throughout these dystopian stories. Satire is a special form of literature that seeks to uncover ridiculous ideas and customs in a society (Mowery). Each story portrays a totalitarian government that proposes an irrational...
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...However, it has also shed light on recent scenarios that are remarkably similar to the plot of Lee’s novel. Harper Lee based much of her novel on real-life experiences. She drew from her hometown, her family, and her father’s career in order to construct a story that explores the prevalence of racism in the United States. Because of the nature and contents of the story, Harper Lee’s novel resonates with everyone who reads it. Lee’s To Kill A Mockingbird has important lessons to teach, and those who choose to learn them find ways to impact society. Harper Lee was born on April 28, 1926, and died on February 19, 2016. Her father, A.C. (Amasa Coleman) Lee, played an important role in Lee’s life. He was “a lawyer who was by all accounts apparently rather like the hero-father of her novel in his sound citizenship and warmheartedness” (Fine, Laura). The plotline of To Kill A Mockingbird is largely based on a case that...
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...Otherness: Essays and Studies 1.1 October 2010 Haunting Poetry: Trauma, Otherness and Textuality in Michael Cunningham’s Specimen Days Olu Jenzen Early conceptions of trauma are intimately linked not only with modernity but specifically with the height of industrialisation (Micale and Lerner 2001). This is converged in the opening of Specimen Days particularly in the image of an industrial accident at the ironworks where a young man is killed by the stamping machine. His young brother, replacing him at the machine after the funeral, then experiences an apparition of the dead brother still trapped inside the machine, which leads him to believe that all machines house entrapped ghosts of the dead. Writing on the Victorians’ anxieties about internal disruption caused by the advent of the railway, Jill Matus (2001, 415) has pointed out that, Freud himself remarked in Beyond the Pleasure Principle (1920), [that] there is ‘a condition [which] has long been known and described [and] which occurs after severe mechanical concussions, railway disasters and other accidents involving a risk to life; it has been given the name of traumatic neurosis’ (12). Freud’s remark brings to the fore the traumas of the industrial age as both individually and publicly experienced and negotiated. This condition of trauma as private and public, individual yet also societal is held in tension throughout Cunningham’s novel. Reflecting on the otherness of trauma and its vexed relationship to representation...
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...Mary McLeod Bethune Mary McLeod Bethune was a motherly figure to her people that consumed the majority of her lifespan cultivating and toiling to certify that African-Americans received the humanoid entitlements and basic rights they deserve. She was an activist, philanthropist, guide, and an educationalist that devoted many decades to battle for civil rights and enhance the African-American community. She was a firm believer that the key to battle misfortunes and hardships that were enfeebling African-Americans was tutelage and education. Bethune undertook and triumphed voluminous superb responsibilities in order to make a significant, encouraging influence on humanity and elevate her community. Bethune was conceived July 10, 1875 in Mayesville, South Carolina to Samuel and Patsy McLeod, who were former slaves that attained land once they were unchained from enslavement. Mary Jane McLeod Bethune was the fifteenth of seventeen children and grew up in a home chock-full of destitution and paucity. Since she was a child, she toiled on the cotton field and assisted her mother with doing laundry for white folk. The poverty that her family endured prevented her from pursuing an education. Bethune went through an occurrence that stimulated her to break the cycle in her community and befit into a cultivated African-American woman. While distributing the laundry she washed with her mother to a white client, Bethune picked up a book and began to look at it. A white child became infuriated...
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...MEDIEVAL WEAPONS Other Titles in ABC-CLIO’s WEAPONS AND WARFARE SERIES Aircraft Carriers, Paul E. Fontenoy Ancient Weapons, James T. Chambers Artillery, Jeff Kinard Ballistic Missiles, Kev Darling Battleships, Stanley Sandler Cruisers and Battle Cruisers, Eric W. Osborne Destroyers, Eric W. Osborne Helicopters, Stanley S. McGowen Machine Guns, James H. Willbanks Military Aircraft in the Jet Age, Justin D. Murphy Military Aircraft, 1919–1945, Justin D. Murphy Military Aircraft, Origins to 1918, Justin D. Murphy Pistols, Jeff Kinard Rifles, David Westwood Submarines, Paul E. Fontenoy Tanks, Spencer C. Tucker MEDIEVAL WEAPONS AN ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THEIR IMPACT Kelly DeVries Robert D. Smith Santa Barbara, California • Denver, Colorado • Oxford, England Copyright 2007 by ABC-CLIO, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data DeVries, Kelly, 1956– Medieval weapons : an illustrated history of their impact / Kelly DeVries and Robert D. Smith. p. cm. — (Weapons and warfare series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-10: 1-85109-526-8 (hard copy : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-85109-531-4...
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...raising a family, working and paying taxes, etc. Ranging from common folk to famous celebrities and even royalty, homosexuality seems to affect many in ways that also range from positive to negative as well. It is a complication not by the individuals who feel and exhibit it, but due to a lifestyle that demands respect and acknowledgement. The gay community, or LGBT, today faces many obstacles when it comes down to fighting for equality. In many schools around the United States, a broader sense of welcome has opened up for those individuals who seek sanctuary in coming out to their friends and loved ones. In The Advocate Magazine, the national gay and lesbian magazine for many teenagers, a freshman from Minneapolis named Javier shares his story about coming out to everyone at his new high school but is concerned of what just may happen. In his time at high school, Javier meets a teacher that is lesbian who understands him and helps support him as they form a gay-straight alliance for many teens looking for a safe community to truly be themselves. But the big issue in the real world is that not all homosexuals have the same rights as those who are straight or heterosexual. If marriage is based on a bond between two people who share a great love for each other, why do we deny the right for same sex couples to marry their own...
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...Virtual University CIIT Course title: Business Communication Course Code: 400 Instructor:Attiya Siddiqi (Assistant Professor) Introduction:Ms.Attiya Siddiqi has done her masters in English language/literature from the university of the Punjab. She has been associated with CIIT since the last 10 years and is teaching Business Communication, Report Writing Skills and courses of literature to graduate and undergraduate levels. ************************************************************************************* Part A lectures 01-12 The process of sharing through which messages produce responses Mary Munter Sharing Messages Responses Encoder Message Medium (channel) Improving your communication skills will enable you to establish better working relationships. Poor workplace communication skills will have negative effects on your business relationships and may result in decreased productivity. These 7 keys will help you unlock the door to successful communication not only at work, but also in all your relationships. Decoder Feedback Personal contact is important. People relate to one another better when they can meet in person and read each other’s body language, so they can feel the energy the connection creates. If personal contact is not possible, the next best way to connect is by talking on the telephone. Develop a network. No one achieves success alone. Make an effort to become friends with people in...
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...This led to the mass production of books, being them more available to the general public. The invention of the printing press helped ideas spread quickly making things easier for the reform of the Church and the development of modern sciences. "Renaissance" means "rebirth" in French and stands for the cultural, intellectual and economic changes that occurred in Europe from the fourteenth century and lasted through the sixteenth century. However, the Renaissance was not the first rebirth of learning during the Middle Ages since many beautiful cathedrals had previously been built using classical styles: universities such as Oxford and Bologna were founded around the 12th century and Arabic numbers had been brought from the East by the Crusaders. In this sense, it is said, that the Renaissance continued a process that had started in the Middle Ages. Yet this new Renaissance gave rise to a wide range of new ideas and revealing thoughts that paved the way for an understanding of the world which would have...
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...SOLUTION-FOCUSED PASTORAL COUNSELING FINAL PROJECT By Marlinda M. House Rhodes Student ID #: 25149472 Presented to Dr. Max Grayson Mills In partial fulfillment of the requirements of Introduction to Pastoral Counseling PACO 500 Liberty Baptist Theological Seminary Lynchburg, VA August 18, 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………………..3 PART 1: THE COUNSELING SETTING Solution-Focused Pastoral Counseling Preference…………………………………....4 PART 2: THE COUNSELING STYLE Rational of Style and Assessments……………………………………………………….5 Overview Check and Balance………………………………………………………....6 PART 3: The Counseling Structure Strategy Phase 1 The Event…………………………………………………………………....7 Phase 2 Preferred Solutions………………………………………………………….….8 Phase 3 The Path to Change……………………………………………………….…9 Phase 4 Covenants for Success …………………………………………………………9 PART 4: Counseling Summation Supportive Approach ……………………………………………………………..10 ...
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...and a massive consumer base. Less has been said about the ability of companies in India to thrive by bending rules, greasing palms and broadening ethical boundaries. At a time when the issue of corruption threatens the stability of the Indian government and scandals unearthed in sectors from sports to telecommunications total tens of billions of dollars, it is becoming increasingly critical for multinational managers to ask whether business success in India comes at an ethical cost. This is a single/personal use copy of Knowledge@Wharton. For multiple copies, custom reprints, e-prints, posters or plaques, please contact PARS International: reprints@parsintl.com P. (212) 221-9595 x407. Following the 1991 fiscal reforms, India's growth story is entering its third decade in dramatic fashion. Annual growth bordering on double digits, a middle class set to grow eightfold in the coming two decades and 800 million mobile subscribers are but a few highlights of the narrative that has reshaped the global business landscape. The sheer magnitude of the opportunity has brought multinational businesses racing to the subcontinent from all over the world for a slice of the burgeoning pie: In a recent survey conducted by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), India replaced the U.S. as the second-most important foreign direct investment (FDI) destination for transnational...
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