...Racial Profiling in the U.S. Criminal Justice System Student’s Name Institution Racial Profiling in the U.S. Criminal Justice System Racial profiling is among the key problems that are cited in the U.S. criminal justice system. The American Civil Liberties Union(2016) defines racial profiling as a discriminatory practice by law enforcement officers of using individual’s race, ethnicity, religion among other traits as grounds for suspicion Racial profiling has particularly affected the black Americans and other minority groups. Research shows that these minority groups and especially the black Americans are overrepresented in the U.S. Criminal system despite the fact that they constitute just a small percentage of the total U.S. population. History of Racial Profiling in the United States Racial profiling is an old problem dating back to a number of centuries ago. The history of racial profiling is ingrained in a number of historical events that cast African Americans in an inferior light. In 1704, South Carolina created the first slave patrol in which white men oversaw black slaves on plantations as well as hunting down fugitive slaves. Black Americans, most of which were slaves had to produce passes as proof of having permission not to be in plantations, or if they had been emancipated, they were required to carry with them freedom papers to show that they were free. Black people were exposed to interrogations...
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...Racial Profiling in the U.S. Criminal Justice System Racial profiling is among the key problems that are cited in the U.S. criminal justice system. The American Civil Liberties Union(2016) defines racial profiling as a discriminatory practice by law enforcement officers of using individual’s race, ethnicity, religion among other traits as grounds for suspicion Racial profiling has particularly affected the black Americans and other minority groups. Research shows that these minority groups and especially the black Americans are overrepresented in the U.S. Criminal system despite the fact that they constitute just a small percentage of the total U.S. population. History of Racial Profiling in the United States Racial profiling is an old problem dating back to a number of centuries ago. The history of racial profiling is ingrained in a number of historical events that cast African Americans in an inferior light. In 1704, South Carolina created the first slave patrol in which white men oversaw black slaves on plantations as well as hunting down fugitive slaves. Black Americans, most of which were slaves had to produce passes as proof of having permission not to be in plantations, or if they had been emancipated, they were required to carry with them freedom papers to show that they were free. Black people were exposed to interrogations, harassments, physical torture and even death if they were found to have run away...
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...Racial Profiling in the U.S. Criminal Justice System Racial profiling is among the key problems that are cited in the U.S. criminal justice system. The American Civil Liberties Union(2016) defines racial profiling as a discriminatory practice by law enforcement officers of using individual’s race, ethnicity, religion among other traits as grounds for suspicion Racial profiling has particularly affected the black Americans and other minority groups. Research shows that these minority groups and especially the black Americans are overrepresented in the U.S. Criminal system despite the fact that they constitute just a small percentage of the total U.S. population. History of Racial Profiling in the United States Racial profiling is an old problem dating back to a number of centuries ago. The history of racial profiling is ingrained in a number of historical events that cast African Americans in an inferior light. In 1704, South Carolina created the first slave patrol in which white men oversaw black slaves on plantations as well as hunting down fugitive slaves. Black Americans, most of which were slaves had to produce passes as proof of having permission not to be in plantations, or if they had been emancipated, they were required to carry with them freedom papers to show that they were free. Black people were exposed to interrogations, harassments, physical torture and even death if they were found to have run away...
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...Running head: CRJ310A-1103A-02 Crime Victims Studies CRJS310-1103A-02 Crime Victim Studies AIU Online Instructor: Tony Gaskew Jacqueline Hunter IP# 4 The definition of domestic terrorism in the United States has changed over the years. It is believed that the act of domestic terrorism occurred long before any legal definition came into play. The FBI Terrorist Research defined domestic terrorism as “the unlawful use of force or violence committed by a group of two or more individuals, also against a person or property to intimidate or coerce a government. Under current Law in the United States the act of terrorism are those which involve human lives that are a violation of the criminal law of the United States or of any State, this was set forth by the USA Patriot Act. Terrorism has abruptly has moved to the center of the public and has become a household subject matter and also many levels of politics, law and criminal justice. The September 11, attack change the way law enforcement respond to the threat and reality of terrorism. The World Trade Center attack had a ripple affect that could be felt across the world and this led to major reorganization of counter- terrorism policing. The United States the most striking change in policing has been a sudden expansion of police powers, justified by the tragedy and devastation of the attack. This expansion brought about a new refocusing of resource and the restructure of the federal, state, and local police agencies. There...
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...Policing and Racial Profiling CJ 341: Police Methods and Organization James C.Thomas The University of Southern Mississippi In April 2010, Arizona State Governor Jan Brewer signed off on the legislative Act formally known as SB-1070. This Act that was approved by the U.S legislature and was taken into effect June 2010. This law requires all immigrants over the age of 14 who remain in the United States for over a 30 day span to register with the U.S government, as well as possess records of legal registration [1]. Additionally, Arizona made it a state misdemeanor for any illegal alien to be within its state boarders without the appropriate documents readily available, enabling state law enforcement officers to determine an individual’s legal status during lawful contact not specific to any particular action when the officer feels “reasonable” suspicion that the person being stopped is indeed an illegal immigrant. This legislative act is considered the strictest illegal immigration measure in U.S history, it’s received a substantial amount of media attention and incited significant...
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...The practice of racial profiling by police officers has become a contentious issue between law enforcement and advocacy group supporting rights of citizens. An increasing number of reported incidents in which law enforcement professionals have been accused of targeting minority groups have heightened the debate about racial profiling and the legitimacy surrounding it. The practice of racial profiling by law enforcement is an attempt to identify potential criminals before they could commit serious crimes. Law enforcement officers who have used racial profiling are confident that the process helps them to detain criminals and therefore reduce crime. However, the use of racial profiling has become a debated issue across North America. The media has captured the public’s attention by identifying how law enforcement officials make the assumption that minority groups and people from ethnic backgrounds are more likely to commit crimes. This paper will reflect that the use of racial profiling by law enforcement is both wrong and ineffective in many ways. First, racial profiling is wrong because it tends to target people of color under the assumption and stereotype that they create more crime, which clearly is unconstitutional under the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Secondly, through the Toronto Star newspaper analysis it will be obvious that the use of racial profiling in solving crimes is not effective but is damaging and harmful towards individuals under the Human Rights Code. And...
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...potential study participants, research questions, and the viability of the topic. Problem and Purpose Statement Right now the country is faced with a serious issue and that issue is racial profiling. Events in Feguerson, Missouri, Cleveland, and New York have put civil rights and racial profiling into the spotlight. It is an issue that is not going away anytime soon and needs to be study. By studying arresting data and speaking with interviewing and polling individual in the community and law enforcement will we be able to understand racial profiling and its entirety. This could be done with something like a gallop poll or telephone surveys where people are selected at random across the nation. The problem is how law enforcement is using racial profiling in the field when it comes to making decisions. . Specifically, the problem is how minorities are stopped at a higher level than those of non-minorities. Over the years, African Americans, Hispanics, and since 9/11, people from the Middle East have been subjected to higher instances of investigative detentions, searches, traffic stops, etc. By definition, "racial profiling" occurs when a law enforcement officer questions, stops, searches, arrests, or investigates and individual because the officer holds a prejudicial notion that members of that person's racial or ethnic group have a greater likelihood than the rest of the population to commit the sort of crime the officer is investigating. (Barnes, Gross, 2010) Research Method The...
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...society we live in. The answer is simple: racial profiling. The definition of racial profiling is, “the use of race or ethnicity as grounds for suspecting someone of having committed an offense” (Dictionary.com). Law enforcement agencies all around the country use racial profiling to find suspected criminals of crimes, which is completely flabbergasting. Racial profiling in police officers is a continuous problem because it leads to innocent civilians being prosecuted, a fear of police officers, and contributes to societal prejudice. Countlessly, blameless civilians are pulled over, stopped on street corners, or bombarded with questions by people in the...
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...DQ 1 How does Racial and Ethnic Groups define prejudice? Do you agree with this definition? Why or why not? Prejudice is describes in the text as “a negative attitude toward an entire category of people, such as a racial or ethnic minority” (Schaefer, 2012, pp. 35). The question asks how do racial and ethnic groups define prejudice, and although I could not find an exact answer to that question, I believe this would accurately describe how both of those groups would define the term prejudice. The description above does accurately describe the term for me. I agree with this definition because it deals with attitudes towards an entire category of people and involves attitudes, thoughts, and beliefs, not actions as stated on page 35 as well. I had never been exposed to any prejudice except from my Grandfather that had been through a war. I recognized his attitudes, thoughts, and beliefs as prejudice. It was how he grew up and it was obvious that those were passed on to him at an early age. I grew up in a very conservative part of the country and moved far away when I was in my early twenties. The part of the country I moved to had so much racial prejudice, I went into a bit of culture shock from others attitudes, thoughts, and beliefs. What I experienced was the exact definition in my first paragraph of the work prejudice. Week 2 DQ 2 Racial profiling is frequently in the news and is a prime example of stereotyping in action. How does racial profiling relate to stereotyping...
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...Social Justice and Equality: Racial Profiling Galina Shlikht, Nicole Gordon and Becky Overstreet City University of Seattle Author’s Note Galina Shilkht, Student, City University Nicole Gordon, Student, City University Becky Overstreet, Student, City University Social Justice and Equality Team Outline (All) Conflict and Solutions 1. Faulty communication Sometimes criticism can be given inappropriately. This can result in hurting the feelings of group members leaving them feeling devalued. When this happens, we as a team believe the first thing that must be done is to be honest and let the group know how you feel. So we must acknowledge the conflict. The next appropriate step would be to discuss the conflict with all of the team members. After this, we should try and understand the situation and reach an agreement. One of the agreements could be that criticism be given appropriately and constructively. 2. Time management With work, kids, and living in different time zones it can be a challenge to find the time that works best for the three of us to discuss the details, questions, and/or concerns about our essay together. Our solution to this is to set up exact times and day, sort of like an online appointment, for when the three of us can be available via Facebook group message. 3. Personality clashes We all have our own way of doing things. Our styles of working might be different and sometimes this can cause a conflict with each other...
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...Racial Profiling & Police in Canada Secondary Research Abskortski, Milen. "The Pluralism Project at Harvard University." Harvard University. Web. 2 Dec. 2015. Definition: * racial profiling refers to the discriminatory practise of law enforcement that is designed to target individuals for suspicion of crime based on his or her race, ethnicity, beliefs, religion or national origin History of Racial Profiling & Police in Canada Policing over the Past 40 Years * extends from systematic issues debated in court processes to prison practises and routine aspects of policing outside of legal institutions * aallegations that the Canadian criminal justice system is racially biased, were made at various junctures by different groups over the past several decades * Since the early 1900’s, racial profiling by the police has been highly dominant. Public complaints, legal actions, empirical research and a number of high-profile incidents had brought several police practices to the forefront of the debates on racial bias of policing in Canada Stereotypes Associated with Racial Profiling Stereotyping becomes a particular concern when people act on their stereotypical views in a way that affects others. This is what leads to profiling. Although anyone can experience profiling, racialized persons are primarily affected. Typically, but not always, profiling is carried out by people in positions of authority, and can occur in many contexts involving...
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...Levin Introduction This proposal was selected to analyze profiling psychologically, geographically, and racially. Profiling has its benefits and problem just like any other perceptional judgment. Society tends to be inclined to profiling due to cognitive learning, but "profiling was originally intended to help drug couriers attempting to enter the country." (Schmalleger, 2004) U.S Customs Service and the Drug Enforcement Administration developed personal indicators that perceived an increased likelihood of a violation of law. Then in the late 1900's racial profiling received national recognition. Racial profiling referred to "Driving While Black." (Schmalleger, 2004) Literature review Advantages and Disadvantages Psychological "We understand today that it is a cruel and ignorance practice to torture men and women whose mental disturbance expresses itself in the form of religious or other eccentricities, but we are still too deep in the darkness to realize that the same true of those whose quirks show themselves in criminality." (Howe, 2012) One form of profiling is the psychological process of criminals. Usually, if investigators think like criminals he or she will caught a law violator. Psychologically profiling suspected criminals is an effective benefit for criminologist; unfortunately, using psychological profiling can't provide solid evidence. During the 1950's psychological profiling was distinctly used as a method in America. Investigator discovered...
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...Racial Profiling is a form of discrimination by which an individual’s race or cultural background is used as the primary reason to suspect that the individual has broken the law. Shopping while black, Driving while black, and Stop-and-Frisk are commonly used phrases and laws that are associated with racial profiling that have recently made headlines on multiple occasions in the past year. Shopping while black is the racial profiling term used when an individual is accused of shoplifting or other unlawful act while in a marketplace. There have been two major stories in the headlines recently involving racial profiling. The first incident involves Rob Brown the star of HBO’s “Treme” is filing a class action lawsuit against Macy’s for accusing him of providing a fake credit card to make a purchase and detaining him in a cell for 45 minutes. The other incident involves Barneys’ New York an American chain of luxury department stores headquartered in New York City. In this particular incident an 18 year old college student was arrested for allegedly providing a fake debit card when purchasing a $349.00 belt. This story has managed to get extended time in the headlines because Barneys is currently endorsed by renowned hip-hop, business mogul Shawn “Jay-Z” Carter. While these are not the only two racial profiling incidences that have occurred, they have gained mainstream media attention because they involve celebrities which shines a bright light on this type of discrimination that...
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...ISSUES IN POLICING RESPONSE Issues in Policing Response Marie Jefferson CJS/210 April 20, 2014 Ronald Meyer As a law enforcement officer, police face many different issues on a daily basis. Typically when discussing racial profiling it is usually in the context of bias or some type of disparity. When talking about bias, this is a kind of difference a person may have that is either covert, or overt. Overt takes place when an individual themselves begin to act upon these differences. While covert bias is harbored but still influences a person’s decision making process. When addressing disparities we are able to see and understand how differences occur. For instance, there are differences amongst groups and in the way that each individual group is handled from law enforcement’s perspective, this creates a disparity. When we think about racial profiling, we have to keep those aspects in mind. Although here have been theories or explanations as to what exactly is racial profiling, however the field of criminal justice does not have an exact definition of racial profiling. Another issue with law enforcement is ethics and police corruption. Police officers have the ability to use their discretion as to enforce the law or not. Ethics is a source of principles that exist apart from the law, ethics tells officers what should be done when the law is unclear or absent. When an officer makes a decision not in the interest of the public, but in...
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...Ethnicity and the Police (Part II) Monica Angulo CJA/344 August 6, 2014 Instructor Name Ethnicity and the Police Racial profiling indicates the system law enforcement officials use to target people for suspicion of crime grounded on the person's race, ethnicity, religion or national origin. Criminal profiling, usually, as performed by police, is the deduction on a group of characteristics they consider to be connected with crime. An example of racial profiling is the use of race to conclude which motorists to stop for minor traffic violations (usually referred to as "driving while black” or “driving while brown"). The use of race to conclude which individuals to search for illegal paraphernalia is another example of racial profiling. This practice, however, can result contra productive, as highlighted in the following cases. Racial Profiling Gone Wrong Poor judgment calls based on racial profiling have been made by law enforcement officials, where racism and discrimination has taken over violating individuals’ civil rights, creating friction with the community and the public. NYC Cop Testifies to Targeting Young Black Men As hearings began to examine New York City’s stop and frisk policy, one police officer testified that he was instructed by superiors to target young Black men between the ages of 14 and 21. In 2011 alone, New York City police executed 685,724 stops as part of the stop and frisk policy. In total, they had...
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