...China outlawed direct selling in 1998. Do you think this action was justified? The Chinese officials issued a ban of direct selling on Amyway Inc. and it was a big threat and a loss of multi-million dollar profits. China issued the ban arguing that there were fears that the company was spreading heretical religion and was ready to start a secret society in China. Another reason for the ban was that China claimed that the organization acted as a base for criminal activity. The reasons for the ban are not justifiable because the company uses the pyramid scheme when selling its products. This is a threat to the Chinese government since it encourages sales people to recruit other members in the company. Further, the marketing strategy scares the Chinese officials and the high profits that the company is making. The ban is unsubstantiated and there is no solid reason to back up the claims. Discuss the differences between adopting the conventional wholesale retail Approach of opening stores versus the direct selling approach. In direct selling, the selling process of products and services involves person-to-person. This takes place in people instead of using another means such as the internet or catalogs. Generally, direct selling is different from the other selling processes in that, it moves the selling floor to the customers instead of making the customer to go to a particular location to make purchases. On the other side wholesale retailing differs from direct selling in that...
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...Leadership Approach Terence Bachman LDR/531 March 26, 2013 David Sarnowski Leadership Approach Organizations depend on the management and leadership skills of individuals to be successful. Companies depend on individuals who possess the ability, the necessary traits and behaviors to influence others to accomplish the company’s objectives. According to the text, Leadership in Organizations, leadership is defined as in many different ways (Yuhl, 2010, p. 2). Katz and Khan describe leadership as in the book entitled, The social psychology of organizations as, “the influential increment over and above mechanical compliance with the routine directives of the organization” (Katz & Khan, 1978). This study will identify the five different approaches to leadership and define the most prevalent leadership approach used at Matrix Direct. Matrix Direct is the largest agency in the United States. Owned by American International Group (AIG), Matrix Direct accounts for nearly 35% of the AIG’s life insurance sales. The company was founded in 1992 by Ronald Harris, former owner of Zurich Direct. The company was founded on the idea that if companies compete for a client business the price will fall, therefore driving consumer demand to higher levels. Controlling interest in the company was purchased in 2002 by American International Group. Due to the large volume of business generated...
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...Planning: Choosing the Direct or Indirect Approach a. The direct approach because when giving you boss news most if not all want you to be straight to the point. This will not matter if it’s good or bad news. b. The indirect approach because this will prepare the reader for the bad news and then offer them a solution at the end. c. The indirect approach because in this situation the customer will be displeased and you want to soften the blow of the bad news. d. The direct approach because when you are talking to the employees you want to be quick and straight to the point. There are several things that need to be accomplished at work on a daily bases they will not want to read a long email. e. The direct approach because this should not come as a surprise because the customer would be notified before the purchase of the ticket. The customer will still receive compensation for the 1 full year after the flight. f. The indirect approach because the airline is not taking into consideration that the customer was unable to use them because of being out of the country. The customer is going to be very angry so you need to set the calming ground before the bad news by giving a buffer. g. The indirect approach because this is going to because an emotional stand point from the customer when dealing with insurance. You want to slowly insert the bad news in this situation and then proceed to give them a positive close. h. The direct approach because when this...
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...“A personalised induction will always be more effective”. Discuss. Word Count: 2179 There are many factors involved in an induction session which include aspects such as belief, relaxation, compliance, imagination and selective attention. In order to be able to demonstrate whether personalising an induction is always more effective I will need to discuss the different types of modalities, induction styles and the methods used in which to tailor a screed to meet the particular needs of the client. By having a good understanding of modalities, hypnotherapists are able to personalise screeds specifically to the individual. When a client’s modality is ascertained it is then possible to talk to them in a way that they feel most comfortable. Often, hypnotherapists will prefer to begin an induction by emphasising the client’s preferred modality and then go onto introduce the others gradually as this is intended create a safe and comfortable environment for them (Chrysalis, 2010). Learning modalities are the sensory channels or pathways through which individuals give, receive, and store information (Jenkins & Johnson, 2013). Perception, memory, and sensation comprise the concept of modality and these senses include visual, auditory, tactile/kinaesthetic, smell, and taste. Most people learn with all their modalities, but some may have unusual strengths and weaknesses in particular modalities. For example, when asked to imagine a beautiful garden, some people...
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...Rasneek Walia Management X109 Assignment 1 – Module 1 & 2 04/24/16 1. When evaluating audience, which demographic factors should be considered, and why? Does the type of message influence the evaluation of the audience? When evaluating an audience, one must profile the audience and their perspective. It is important to spend some time to think about your audience to identify the appropriate tone, language, and channel for your message. Tailor your message for your primary audience by asking the following question: * Who is my primary reader or listener? * What are my personal and professional relationships with that person? * What position does that person hold in the organization? * How much does that person know about the subject? * What do I know about that person’s education, beliefs, culture and attitudes? * Should I expect a neutral, positive, or negative response to my message? In addition, one must anticipate if a secondary audience may read this message. If there is a secondary audience, the following must be considered: * Who might see or read this message in addition to the primary audience? * How do these people differ from the primary audience? * Do I need to include more background information? * How must I reshape my message to make it understandable and acceptable to others whom it might be forwarded? Some other factors are very important factors to take into account when evaluating your audience...
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...Using a plant-wide rate based on machine hours to assign manufacturing overhead cost to products In this approach the manufacturing overhead is based on machine hours. The manufacturing overhead application rate has been has been provided as $54.00 per machine hour. The following table list on the first row the number of machine hours required for each coffee type. The second row show the manufacture overhead for one kilo of coffee, based on the machine hours for one kilo of each coffee and the rate for machine hour | Luau Kona | Blue Jamaican | Machine hours required for the manufacture of one kilo of coffee. | 0.04 | 0.02 | Manufacturing overhead application rate for one kilo of coffee | 0.04 x $54.00 = $2.16 | 0.02 x $54.00= $1.08 | Requirement: Determine the total unit product cost of one kilogram of the Luau Kona coffee and one kilogram of the Blue Jamaican coffee. In order to calculate the total unit product cost of one kilogram of coffee, we need to add: - Direct material cost - Direct labour cost - Manufacturing overhead application rate | Luau Kona | Blue Jamaican | Direct material cost | $5.20 | $3.10 | Direct labour cost | $0.20 | $0.37 | Manufacturing overhead application rate | $2.16 | $1.08 | Total unit product cost of one kilogram | $7.56 | $4.55 | b. Using multiple predetermined overhead rates based on the departmental rates In this approach the manufacturing overhead is calculated by adding different department rates. The table below lists the overhead...
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...Tradeoff Weights Tradeoff weights refer weights of various trade attributes that are developed by using different methods or techniques such as direct method, swing weight method, equivalence lottery method, and hierarchical weight method. Advantages and Disadvantages of Methods There are various advantages and disadvantages of using various methods like indifference trade-off method, swing weight method, direct weight method etc. for developing or calculating tradeoff weights. In the context of benefits, swing weight method is quick and easy to operate that can help the decision maker to make appropriate decision by developing effective tradeoff weights (Bekiaris & Nakanishi, 2004). In addition, all these methods are useful in a project for a decision maker in spatial decision problems. The main advantage of tradeoff analysis methods is the ability to provide different relative weights to each of the alternative or attributes. By using these methods, it is possible to derive weights from a ranking of limited alternatives and easy to achieve an agreement between decision makers. On the other hand, historical weights are still valid in decision and risk analysis that can be helpful to effectively develop tradeoff weights (Guinto, 2008). At the same time, there are some disadvantages of using these methods for developing tradeoff weights. Some of them are as follow: There is no assurance that swing weight method provides accurate eliciting weights. Some of these...
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...goals and objectives of the organization. The term leadership is defined as “the process of influencing others to understand and agree about what needs to be done and how to do it, and the process of facilitating individual and collective efforts to accomplish shared objectives” (Yukl, 2010, p. 8). Many researchers have focused on the concept of leadership. Some researchers “define leadership according to their individual perspectives and the aspects of the phenomenon of most interest to them” (id. at p. 2). Research has also distinguished the different views of leadership, and other forms of leadership. The other forms of leadership include direct and indirect leadership. This paper will review the views of leadership, the other forms of leadership, and the behavior approach of leadership. The strengths and weaknesses of the behavior approach will also be discussed. Many researchers have argued whether leadership should be viewed as a “specialized role or as a shared influence” (id. at p. 3) process. Leadership as a specialized role focuses on the relationship between the leader and the follower. In contrast, the shared influenced process believes “it is more useful to study leadership as a social process or pattern of relationships” (id. at p. 4). This view of leadership also believes that any individual of the social system may exhibit leadership abilities, and there is not a clear distinction between the leader and follower. The concept of...
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...DIRECT AND INDIRECT APPROACHES In writing letters, memos, and e-mail messages (the focus of Chapters 2 and 3), one issue that you'll need to consider is whether your message is one that is likely to be well-received or one that may encounter resistance or ill-will--a "bad news" message of some type. Searle’s spends a good bit of time in Chapter 1 discussing tone and making sure to use a reader-centered perspective that utilizes a "you" approach and positive wording. In addition to a reader-centered perspective, however, you also should consider the difference between what is called a direct and an indirect approach when organizing letters, memos, and e-mail messages, especially ones that convey bad news. DIRECT APPROACH The direct approach anticipates no resistance to its message--for instance, "you've been hired," "your order is being shipped today," or even "the project will be done in one week." In this case, organizing your message is simple. Searle’s mentions that memos and letters should have some kind of brief introduction, sometimes as its own paragraph. If you're using the direct approach, this introduction is simply a straightforward statement of the main point of the message. For instance, if you are writing a letter to confirm an order, simply begin by stating, "We have received your order for part #23-B-4439 and are shipping it today." Then the rest of the letter can provide details like shipping time, cost, etc. Whenever possible, use the direct approach...
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...for cost management D) All of these answers are correct. 3) A ________ is a grouping of individual indirect cost items. A) cost allocation base B) cost assignment C) cost pool D) job-costing system 4) Each indirect-cost pool of a manufacturing firm: A) utilizes a separate cost-allocation rate B) is a subset of total indirect costs C) relates to one cost object D) All of these answers are correct. 5) Direct costs A) are anything for which a measurement of costs is desired. B) are costs related to a particular cost object that can be traced to that cost object in an economically feasible (cost-effective) way C) focus specifically on the costing needs of the CFO D) provide all information for management decision needs 6) In a costing system: A) cost tracing allocates indirect costs B) cost allocation assigns direct costs C) a cost-allocation base can be either financial or nonfinancial D) a cost object should be a product and not a department or a geographic territory 7) Assigning direct costs to a cost object is called: A) cost allocation B) cost assignment C) cost pooling D) cost tracing 8) ________ is the process of distributing indirect costs to products. A) Cost allocation B) Job cost recording C) Cost pooling D) Cost tracing 9) A ________ links an indirect cost to a cost object. A) cost-allocation base B) cost pool C) cost assignment D) cost tracing 10) Which of the...
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...of the direct write-off method? The deficiency of the direct write-off method is that it fails to match the costs with the revenues in a specific period. It also does not show the net realizable value of receivables in the balance sheet. The only time that the direct write-off method is appropriate is when the amount that is uncollectible is deemed immaterial. B. What are the two basic allowance methods used to estimate bad debts, and what is the theoretical justification for each? The two basic allowance methods used to estimate the bad debts are the Percentage-of-sales approach and the Percentage-of-receivables approach. With the percentage-of-sales approach, the expense is getting matched with the revenue because it is showing the relation between the charge and the sale in a specific period. Using this method, it is being shown the past relationship between the sales and costs in a period. Simms Company would be anticipating for the future based on the costs and revenues. It is also known as the Income Statement Approach. When using the percentage-of-receivables approach, the company could find out what percentage of their receivables would be deemed uncollectible. The Simms Company would find out the actual value of their receivables instead of having to wait. The difference between this method and the other is the fact that it does not match costs and revenues but it will report the net realizable value of the receivables. When using this approach they need...
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...Teacher-Centered Approach to Learning Teachers are the main authority figure in this model. Students are viewed as “empty vessels” whose primary role is to passively receive information (via lectures and direct instruction) with an end goal of testing and assessment. It is the primary role of teachers to pass knowledge and information onto their students. In this model, teaching and assessment are viewed as two separate entities. Student learning is measured through objectively scored tests and assessments. Student-Centered Approach to Learning While teachers are an authority figure in this model, teachers and students play an equally active role in the learning process. The teacher’s primary role is to coach and facilitate student learning and overall comprehension of material. Student learning is measured through both formal and informal forms of assessment, including group projects, student portfolios, and class participation. Teaching and assessment are connected; student learning is continuously measured during teacher instruction. To better understand these approaches, it is important to discuss what is generally understood as the three main teaching styles in educational pedagogy: direct instruction, inquiry-based learning and cooperative learning. Through these three teaching methods, teachers can gain a better understanding of how to govern their classroom, implement instruction and connect with their students. Within each of these three main teaching styles...
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...A. What are the deficiencies of the direct write-off method? The deficiency of the direct write-off method is that it fails to match the costs with the revenues in a specific period. It also does not show the net realizable value of receivables in the balance sheet. The only time that the direct write-off method is appropriate is when the amount that is uncollectible is deemed immaterial. B. What are the two basic allowance methods used to estimate bad debts, and what is the theoretical justification for each? The two basic allowance methods used to estimate the bad debts are the Percentage-of-sales approach and the Percentage-of-receivables approach. With the percentage-of-sales approach, the expense is getting matched with the revenue because it is showing the relation between the charge and the sale in a specific period. Using this method, it is being shown the past relationship between the sales and costs in a period. Simms Company would be anticipating for the future based on the costs and revenues. It is also known as the Income Statement Approach. When using the percentage-of-receivables approach, the company could find out what percentage of their receivables would be deemed uncollectible. The Simms Company would find out the actual value of their receivables instead of having to wait. The difference between this method and the other is the fact that it does not match costs and revenues but it will report the net realizable value of the receivables...
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...Chapter 13 PLANNING REPORTS AND PROPOSALS Multiple Choice 1. Despite the variety among them, many analytical reports include a a. standard opening. b. section of recommendations. c. “this is how it’s done” quality. d. standard middle section. ANSWER: b; DIFFICULTY: moderate; PAGE: 394; TYPE: concept 2. The basic purpose of informational reports is a. to persuade the audience to act. b. to present recommendations and conclusions. c. to present data, facts, feedback, and other types of information, without analysis or recommendations. d. to convince the reader of the soundness of your thinking. ANSWER: c; DIFFICULTY: easy; PAGE: 394; TYPE: concept 3. The best way to phrase the purpose statement of a report is with a. complex language. b. an infinitive phrase. c. a controversial statement. d. jargon. ANSWER: b; DIFFICULTY: moderate; PAGE: 396; TYPE: concept 4. Which of the following is the least clear statement of purpose? a. “The purpose of this report to determine which of four alternative investments will have the highest return.” b. “The purpose of this report is to analyze four potential investments.” c. “The purpose of this report is to answer the question, ‘Which of four investments will provide the highest return?’” d. “The goal of this report is to evaluate the return on four investments.” ANSWER: b; DIFFICULTY: moderate; PAGE: 396; TYPE: application ...
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...A DEVELOPMENT OF CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR STUDYING COMMUNICATION COMPETENCIES AMONG DIRECT SELLERS IN MALAYSIA FOR THE 12TH ABC ASIA-PACIFIC CONFERENCE AT DOSHISHA UNIVERSITY, KYOTO, JAPAN ON MARCH 13 – 15, 2013 FIRST AUTHOR NUREDAYU OMAR (PRESENTER) UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA nuredayu@uum.edu.my CO-AUTHOR PROFESSOR CHE SU MUSTAFFA UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA chesu402@uum.edu.my *THIS MANUSCRIPT IS ORIGINAL AND HAS NOT BEEN PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE A DEVELOPMENT OF CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR STUDYING COMMUNICATION COMPETENCIES AMONG DIRECT SELLERS IN MALAYSIA Many studies have been conducted related to communication competencies since the last decade until now. However, the availability of the studies on communication competencies has not been explored in depth particularly in the direct selling context in Malaysia. To understand the direct sellers’ communication competencies, a conceptual framework will be built based on related literature studies. Literature reviews have shown a variety of studies on communication competencies from the behavioral and cognitive perspectives. Although numerous studies have provide understanding of communication competence in various context, there is a gap in viewing communication competencies in a more dynamic context, particularly in the process of communication of direct sellers with their potential customers. This paper attempts to discuss the importance of...
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