...Adam Murad 1) What was the event? The arrival of European settlement in Australia. 2) What were the consequences? The consequences of European settlement in Australia during 1788 thousands of Aborigines died from diseases that the colonists have spread. At first contact there were over 250,000 Aboriginals in Australia. 3) What period of time did it effect? European settlement effected Australia from 1770 till today. 4) How global was the consequence? European settlement/colonisation has not only happened in Australia but all over the world stretching out from the Americas to Asia, Africa New Zealand and the Pacific islands. 5) How has Hindsight history explained the event? Australian history is not taught properly, kids at schools learn more about the European colonisation side of Australia and how they developed the country rather than the Aboriginal side. Australian history should be taught about the ancestors and the original custodians of this land the dream time stories, the stolen generation and the wars they had also the culture and language. If kids at school learn about the ancestors of Australia they will understand what ‘Australia day’ really means, 6) Has History repeated itself? History has not repeated itself European colonisation has stopped to this day and era, but the opposite is happening immigrants from other countries that have had a past of invasion from European settlement are now doing the same to western countries...
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...Aboriginal COLONISATION AND ITS EFFECTS Australia’s colonisation impacted on the indigenous culture significantly. From the time Europeans first came to the Sydney Basin everything changed for Aboriginal people. From the time the white people landed in Australia all they saw was death and despair to their people. The Aboriginals suffered extreme loss in terms of lives, land, families, culture and health. They do not view the colonisation of Australia as a great day but as an invasion which destroyed their way of life. Before Australia was colonised the Aborigines had lived for thousands of years off the land as they were nomadic who moved around. They believed the land should not be owned by one person but had to be looked after by everyone. The land flourished and there were about 750 000 Aboriginal people and over 600 tribes. They hunted ,fished and gathered food from plants and vegetation. From the moment the white settlers took control of the land , Aborigines were treated inhumanely with no recognition of them occupying Australia. They had no respect and believed themselves superior to the indigenous people. The Aborigines were viewed as savages who had no beliefs or customs. They used extreme force and brutally killed any Aborigines who resisted the white settlers take over. They were driven off their land. Entire families lost their loved ones. The Aborigines tried to resist, however the white settlers had firearms which proved to be deadly. Others who did...
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...Subject Name: Indigenous Australian Politics Subject Code: IA2016 Study Period: SP1 Study Mode: External Campus: Townsville Subject Coordinator: Sharon Moore Student: Josephat Magomo Assessment Task 1: Reflective Critique The European colonisation of Australia over the past two centuries has resulted in violent conflict, forced dispossession, displacement and protectionist policies that denied Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people basic rights, separated families and entrenched discrimination and inequalities. Over the past centuries there have been many changes in the attitudes and rights regarding the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Despite the efforts by Australian government’s initiatives of ‘Closing the Gap’ in an attempt to address the inequalities between indigenous and white Australians there are still vast gaps in terms of socio-economic status, health care and welfare services, life expectancy, education, employment, housing ownership, land tenure and land rights. However, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people still experience an ongoing prejudice and discrimination as a marginalised minority group. Therefore, there is still a great deal of negativity that needs addressing in our society. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people still experience ongoing prejudice and discrimination as a marginalised minority group (Pedersen, Beven, Walker & Griffiths, 2004). Despite efforts by the government to address the inequalities...
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...Australia post 1945 - Key terminology – * Assimilation Policy – official government policy which aims to integrate minority groups into the dominant culture group. This results in a loss of culture, tradition and languages. * Balance rites – Aboriginal rituals that aim to make a supernatural connection with ancestral beings from the dreaming * Crown land – Public land owned by the commonwealth of Australia and managed by Australian government * Dispossession – The forced removal of aboriginal people from their native land. * Dreaming – Aboriginal spiritual beliefs about creation and existence. The dreaming establishes the rules governing relationships between people, land and all things for Aboriginal people. It links together the past, present and future. * Freehold title – Absolute and permanent ownership of the land. * Half-castes – An offensive term referring to a person of mixed decent or ethnicity. * Land rites – Property rights pertaining to land. * Meta-temporal – the trinity of the past, present and future. * Native title – Form of land title, which recognises aboriginal people as rightful owners of their traditional land. * Protection policy – official government policy stating in the late 19th century. Removed aboriginal people from unsuitable environments and placed them under the protection of the state. * Sacred sites – Places of spiritual significance to Aboriginal people as they are connected with ancestor beings...
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...ASSESSMENT 1: ESSAY PLAN AND ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Essay Plan and Annotated Bibliography Essay Plan (250 words) Submit a plan for an essay on one of the following topics. 1. With reference to either the Charity Organization Societies or the Settlement Movement (Chenoweth & McAuliffe 2015, p.34) discuss the relevance of their underpinning ideas to the development of human services in Australia. 2. "Given the history of the European colonisation of Australia, many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are wary of white institutions and social welfare’ (Chenoweth & McAuliffe 2015, p.268). Identify and discuss one or two policies or pieces of legislation that have impacted on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and how the effects can be seen today. Your plan should include: An introduction, written in paragraph form, setting out the key argument of your essay. An outline of the essay structure. This must be written using the opening sentence of each of the paragraphs in the body of the essay. A reference list, including the 5 resources used for the annotated bibliography. The reference list does not count towards the total word count for this assessment. The UniSA Harvard referencing system must be used. Annotated Bibliography (250 words) Identify 5 academic resources that are relevant to your topic. No more than 3 resources can be taken from the e-readings supplied in the Reference list or on the Course Homepage. For each resource...
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...Discuss, with supporting evidence, the different ‘proximate’ and ‘fundamental’ determinants of poverty The World Bank states: “Poverty is hunger. Poverty is lack of shelter. Poverty is being ill and not being able to see a doctor. Poverty is not having the ability to go to school and not being able to read. Poverty is being in unemployment. Poverty is losing a child to illness brought about by unclean water. Poverty is powerlessness, lack of representation and freedom.” (World Bank, as cited in Lang 2007, p.31). More than three billion people live on less than $2.50 a day which is approximately half the world’s population. In 2005, the developing world had about 72 million children of primary school age not enrolled in school; of this 72 million, 57 percent of them were girls. Each year, 2.2 million children die because they lack immunisation (Globalissues.org, 2013). This essay will discuss the fundamental determinants of poverty with the two main contenders being geography and institution. It would also discuss the proximate determinants of poverty in Kenya. What causes poverty is an important question when trying to explain poverty, but it is not one which can easily be answered. These causes can be grouped into ‘proximate’, ‘intermediate’ and ‘fundamental’ causes of poverty. The proximate cause is the ‘nearest cause’ in the chain of causation, ABCDE. The fundamental cause is what sets the chain of causation in motion. The fundamental cause of E is A, and B, C and D are intermediate...
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...Does the Spanish Conquest constitute genocide? Do you agree or disagree? The late 1400’s brought about the period of colonial expansion, initiated under the crown of Castile and the Spanish Conquistadors. This expansion continued over the next 4 centuries, seeing the Spanish Empire expand over most of Central and South America. The Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire and the Incas spanned over decades and was not a peaceful conquest without bloodshed. The Conquista unleashed violence, death and destruction on a scale unknown until then. Charny acknowledged that it was possible for genocide to occur during the process of colonisation, as seen in the colonising of North America and similarly in Australia. This essay will discuss the various elements of genocide as defined by the UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide, as well as other sources. Through this discussion, the essay will relate it to circumstances and events related to the Spanish Conquest of Latin America, discussing the possibility of a connection between the conquest and genocide. There are a number of elements that must be satisfied in order to find a case for genocide. When defining an act of genocide, the UN definition is the internationally recognised and the framework by which this essay will follow when referring to an act of genocide. As found in the UN definition of genocide; the act committed must have the intent to destroy the target, in whole or in part, a national, ethical,...
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...‘THE SUFFERINGS OF A STOLEN GENERATION’ ‘Given the history of the European colonisation of Australia, many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are wary of white institutions and social welfare’ (Chenoweth & McAuliffe 2012, p.274). Identify and discuss one or two of the historical events that have impacted on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and how the effects can be seen today. This paper aims to discuss how the assimilation policy and forced separation of Indigenous children from their families and culture has affected the mental health and wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. A significant undertone of the assimilation policy is racial discrimination (Haebich 2001), which is an additional theme explored in this discussion. Racial discrimination is built on a belief of superiority that one race is better than the other (Khalafzai 2009, p.10), which is relevant to the actions of the assimilation policy; the Aboriginal culture was devalued and considered barbaric and inappropriate to the modern colonist nation (Haebich 2001). Victims of the forced separation suffered severe psychological consequences (Petchkovsky et al. 2004), which to this day, haunt and affect the lives of many Indigenous Australians (Koolmatrie & Williams 2000). Furthermore, remnants of the past are still seen present time, through the discriminating treatment of Indigenous Australians, adversely impacting on their health, mentally and physically (Khalafzai...
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...Brett Burt SWK-414 International Social Development Session 3 2010. APA Date submitted: 17th December 2010. via EASTS I, Brett Burt, have read and understood the Charles Sturt University Plagiarism Policy. I declare that this assignment is my own original work and represents my intellectual property. It does not contain the work of others without appropriate reference being made. Essay Question ‘Critically discuss the meaning of international social work and social development and demonstrate your understanding of the integrated perspectives approach by analysing and applying to an issue such as local level development, poverty, post conflict reconstructions, forced displacement.’ International social work seems to mean different things to different people in different communities, across the globe. Even the term ‘social work’ is often hard to pin down in the Western tradition. The first ‘constant’ seems to be the history of the development of social work in Britain after the Industrial Revolution and then across the western world predominantly in the United States. Second, social work as a profession arose as the result of the issues thrown up by the Industrial Revolution, such as mass movements away from rural based living, agricultural jobs reduced, with massive technological innovations commencing as far back as the development of the steam engine. Third, social work as a profession is united by its values which are social justice and a need to...
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...Governor General.(Fig 1) By 1824 the Moreton Bay penal settlement had been established and Oxley had returned to Brisbane from Sydney and along with Lieutenant Butler and botanist Allan Cunningham explored and surveyed the Brisbane River.( Fig 2) On the 19th September Oxley observed a large creek or stream which branched off from the Brisbane River. Oxley’s party continued with their journey upstream until they could go no further as the water levels were too low. On their return journey the Europeans saw a group of Indigenous Australians who upon discovery retreated into the bush. Oxley and his party examined their belongings, which included weapons and baskets but took nothing hoping to reassure the locals that they meant no harm or disrespect. That night they camped on the riverbank opposite the tributary which they had discovered earlier. Oxley named this the Bremer River, again after another prominent European Sir James Bremer who had months earlier established a penal colony in Northern Australia. (Buchanan: 2009). Rather than venture further up the Bremer River Oxley and his party returned to Brisbane. (Fig 3) Three years after Oxley’s discovery, Captain...
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...Caroline Barnes and Simon Jackson This paper offers a critical reading of Robin Boyd’s narrative of the Australian nation created for Australia’s pavilion at Expo’70. The critique offered is from an environmental perspective, using this example to lead into a broader reflection on Australian design history’s ‘modernity problem’. We argue that although the examination of Australia as a socio-cultural context for the practice of design continues to engage scholars, the will to profess the existence of progressive Australian design has precluded significant examination of design’s regressive effects. The current environmental crisis is, as Arturo Escobar argues, ‘a crisis of modernity, to the extent that modernity has failed to enable sustainable worlds.’[1] Design is implicated here for its contribution to environmental degradation, as is design history for accounts that validate designers’ development of concepts, processes and products that impose the unsustainable on societies. The latter is pronounced in Australian design history. When modernity and its cultural manifestations are understood as European inventions, admitting limited scope for cultural exchange, claiming historical significance for Australian design inevitably involves the uncritical application of imported principles.[2] The halting attempts to write Australian design history are mostly bound up in proselytizing for the values and benefits of the modern and eulogising designers’ efforts to force change in the...
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...“The Effects of Globalisation on Australia” Economic, Social, Cultural, Environmental and Political Word Count: 1,638 Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Executive Summary 3 Introduction 4 Economic 5 Social 7 Cultural 9 Environmental 10 Political 11 Conclusion 12 References 13 Executive Summary The effects of Globalisation on Australia can be disseminated into a number of different categories. For the purposes of this report five major categories including Economic, Social, Cultural, Environmental and Political have been explored and summarised but is by no means exhaustive. The overall effects and impact of globalisation on Australia may well be positive to the general population, but there will always be those who are disadvantaged, and those who have increased advantages. In this report the authors attempt to separate the above mentioned elements and treat them individually. It should be noted however that it is extremely difficult to do so as many issues interact and overlap with some or all of the elements of globalisation, as globalisation has been in existence since the stone-age. “Just as the concept of globalisation is contested and multifaceted so are the choices available to citizens and governments.”[i] Introduction How one views ‘the effects of globalisation on Australia’ will very much be determined if one defines globalisation in its broader sense or otherwise. Globalisation seems to be the catch phrase of the 21st Century...
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...Define Colonialism (Western) Colonialism: A political-economic phenomenon whereby various European nations explored, conquered, settled, and exploited large areas of the world. The purposes of colonialism included economic exploitation of the colony's natural resources, creation of new markets for the colonizer, and extension of the colonizer's way of life beyond its national borders. In the years 1500 – 1900 Europe colonized all of North and South America and Australia, most of Africa, and much of Asia by sending settlers to populate the land or by taking control of governments. The first colonies were established in the Western Hemisphere by the Spanish and Portuguese in the 15th – 16th centuries. The Dutch colonized Indonesia in the 16th century, and Britain colonized North America and India in the 17th – 18th centuries. Later, British settlers colonized Australia and New Zealand. Colonization of Africa only began in earnest in the 1880s, but by 1900 virtually the entire continent was controlled by Europe. The colonial era ended gradually after World War II; the only territories still governed as colonies today are small islands. http://www.answers.com/topic/colonialism#ixzz1lYMQdYfY http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialism Colonialism is the establishment, maintenance, acquisition and expansion of colonies in one territory by people from another territory. It is a process whereby the metropole claims sovereignty over the colony, and the social structure...
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...NATIONAL AND STRATEGIC STUDIES MODULE 1 ZIMBABWEAN HISTORY, NATIONAL INTERESTS, AND HERITAGE, Contents: TOPIC ……….. ……. PAGE 1. Introduction……………………………………………………..01 2. History of Zimbabwe……………………………………………02 2.1. The Great Zimbabwe State…………………………………03 2. The Mutapa State…………………………………………..04 2.3. The Rozvi State…………………………………………….07 2.4. The Ndebele State…………………………………………..07 2.5. White Settler Occupation of Zimbabwe……………………10 2.6. Crimes Against Humanity; -- Colonization and Slavery …..15 7. Consolidation of Settler-Colonialism in Zimbabwe ………21 8. African Nationalism And Organized Resistance To colonialism ……….. .. 30 4. Cultural heritage……………………………………………. 5. Political Heritage 6. Economic heritage 7. Civic responsibilities 8. Acknowledgements 1: INTRODUCTION NASS- The background There is no educational system that is silent on the values that are accepted and cherished by that society. Education is about values in other word behavior change in all the domains of education that is the psychomotor, the cognitive and the affective. A skilled artisan or accountant with no sense of his position in society at the family level or at work or society in general is a social misfit and a...
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...These six Aboriginal Rns would have two major issues to begin their new career. One initial problem would be there being ex-students and new to the professional field of nursing. Being ex-students’ becomes quite an issue for new RNs. Acceptance by more experienced staff in the field, still treated as students and not fully accepted as RNs. These newly qualified RNs have to prove themselves to other staff. A difficult burden to carry when attempting to learn the new system, get to know different staff as well as give an efficient and effective nursing service to patients. This occurs when they are acknowledged, their demonstrated skills, education, training and form professional relationships. Raises another issue in our study as the new RNs are of local Aboriginal network and culture, working in a Western based medical system. We are informed that the Indigenous groups were pleased with the concept of nursing being given by same culture nurses, in fact they were asked for rather than the non Indigenous patients. This of course would give some positive feedback and acceptance for the new RNs. It is likely that some non Indigenous staff would not appreciate this, it causing some envy and further thoughts and treatment of the Aboriginal groups as ‘other’ holding consequences for them. Whilst others may appreciate knowledge of the local indigenous population. Such non acceptance demonstrates that although they have joined the system they are officially ‘in’ they have not been accepted...
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