Free Essay

The English Five

In: Business and Management

Submitted By m7liam
Words 1019
Pages 5
Imagine this scenario set in the future. We know that a decently large rogue planet will be crashing into Earth in a certain number of years and we cannot do anything to stop this from happening. However, we do have the ability to terraform a planet. If we could also move humanity to either Mars or Venus, which one should we go for and why?
Hi Jessica!
Interesting question. To start off, I will define what terraforming is for those who do not know what it means. Terraforming refers to the hypothetical process of modifying a planet or other heavenly body in order to make it habitable by humans. This outcome can be achieved by changing the atmosphere’s competition, the body’s temperature, the surface topography or the planet’s ecology. In order for terraforming to be successful and the planet to be able to sustain life, NASA has defined that such a body must have extended regions of liquid water, favourable living conditions and enough energy sources to sustain metabolism ().
Mars is generally understood to be the planet that is closest to fulfilling these criteria because in many respects it is the most Earth-like planet in the Solar System(). It is generally accepted by scientists that Mars once had an Earth-like characteristic including a thicker atmosphere and abundant sources of water. These characteristics have diminished over the course of hundreds of millions of years due to carbon dioxide/carbonates reactions, a lack of magnetosphere and numerous asteroid impacts. The biggest challenges to colonising Mars are low gravity, which prevents Mars from retaining an artificial atmosphere, and the health threat from cosmic rays. Despite this, Mars is ideal for terraforming because it exists on the outer edge of the habitable zone where greenhouse gases could support the liquid water on the surface at a sufficient atmospheric pressure; thus, Mars has the potential to support both a hydrosphere and a biosphere. Further, the soil and atmosphere of Mars contains many of the main elements needed for life (). Large amounts of water ice exist below the Martian surface, which can be heated up to provide abundant sources of liquid water. Large amounts of oxygen can also be found in metal oxides and in the soil as per-nitrates, although molecular oxygen only exists in minute amounts. This is advantageous because electrolysis could be used to separate the abundant water on the planet into oxygen and hydrogen if sufficient electricity were available.
Terraforming Mars would entail three major and related changes: increasing the atmosphere, increasing the temperature and preventing the atmosphere from being lost due to low gravity. Increasing the atmosphere is important as the current atmosphere is relatively thin and has a very low surface pressure. As the atmosphere builds up, the greenhouse effect would start to occur, which will help heat the planet and melt the frozen ice. The process of melting the frozen ice will create water vapour, which will augment the process. Ammonia could be imported from Earth as a powerful greenhouse gas; this would have the effect of improving the greenhouse effect and contributing to the mass of the atmosphere. Another method of increasing temperature would be to direct small asteroids from the larger impeding asteroid onto the Martian surface through the use of high power lasers, which would release heat energy onto the planet through the impact and therefore sublimate CO2 or vaporize water into greenhouse gases. Impacting asteroids onto the planet’s numerous nitrate beds would also release additional nitrogen and oxygen into the atmosphere.
Terraforming Mars has been arguably easier than terraforming Venus due to the requirements that terraforming Venus requires. First, Venus has an extremely dense 9MPa carbon dioxide atmosphere; this atmosphere would need to lightened in order for living to occur. Secondly, the planet’s temperature is simply too high for living; at 450 degrees, human life would be unable to cope. The changing of these two aspects of Venus would require an energy and resource consumption in order to decrease the temperature and making the atmosphere breathable that far outstrips that of terraforming Mars. Finally, the colonisation of Venus is impossible at today’s technology. In contrast, it is generally accepted that governments and technology of today are advanced enough to proceed with terraforming Mars, however the allocation of such massive resources needed in colonise Mars has rendered the project unfeasible.
However, the analysis above assumes that technology at this point in the future would be the same as technology today. Given that there are no impending planetary collisions for at least a thousand years ahead, and the fact that technology is now growing at the fastest pace it has in history, then technology tens of thousands of years later will definitely be completely different to that today. It may be possible that technology will be developed that runs on heat energy – in that case, it may be easier to terraform Venus. It may even be possible that technology at that point in time would be so far advanced that terraforming both planets would be a piece of cake, or possible that the two planets would have already been colonised. In fact, I would be inclined to believe that technology at that point in time would be enough to destroy any incoming planet or even to build new planets out of nothing. It is always important to take into account context; thus, I don’t think there would be much trouble in the future if an asteroid decides to crash into us!
Indeed, this raises up an interesting point. Let’s say that in a million years, your supposed planet is about to collide with Earth. What do you think the state of technology will be in a million years? Do you think we would have already depleted Earth of its resources and started living on numerous other planets? I really think it would be cool if we could catch some sort of space train from Mercury to Neptune, similar to how we catch the train today to get from Strathfield to Central. Oh, what I would give to be alive In a million years!

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

English. Chapter Five

...1. What are the 6 main barriers to effective communication? Which barriers are easiest to surmount? Why? The main barriers to effective communication are: • Physical • Body Language • Language • Organizational • Cultural With some strategies these barriers are surmountable, first you have to understand the barrier and then find a strategy to overcome it. 2. Why is nonverbal communication so important? How can you tell when nonverbal communication is effective? Nonverbal communication is very important because it intensify the meaning of the message. You can tell when you nonverbal communication is effective, when the audience aren’t yawning and when they look interest in your presentation. 3. Why is active, effective listening difficult for many people? What are 5 strategies for improving listening skills within the American culture? Most people are easily distracted so this makes effective listening difficult. 5 Strategies for improving your listening skills are: 1. Make sure the speakers body language and words are consistent with each other. 2. Try to summarize the speaker’s main points. 3. Ask questions and give opinions so your speaker knows you understand and can empathize. 4. Show the speaker you’re interested using nonverbal communications such as physical gestures. 5. Take notes. 4. What factors should you consider when you choose a communication channel for your messages? Should you always use the richest channel...

Words: 699 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Five Factors or Historical Events Which Influenced the English Language

...Five Factors or Historical Events which Influenced the English Language English belongs to the Indo-European family of languages as well as most of the European languages spoken today. Latin and the modern Romance languages, Greek, the Germanic languages, Indo-Iranian languages, Slavic, Baltic, and Celtic languages are a part of the Indo-European family. English is in the Germanic group of languages; West Germanic is the ancestor of modern Dutch, German, Flemish, Frisian and English. The Gaelic-speaking Celts were one of the earliest people to migrate westward and they were natives of the British Isles long before the English (McCrum 48). “The Celtic Britons had the misfortune to inhabit an island that was highly desirable for both its agriculture and for its minerals.”(p.52) The Angles, Saxons and the Jutes were the first invaders of the British Isles and they caused the Britons to flee to the west. The Angles, Saxons and the jutes mixed their different Germanic dialects and formed what linguists now refer to as Old English or Anglo-Saxon. “Englisc’ was Old English for English, and it comes from the name of the Angles. “The basic building blocks of an English sentence- the, is, you and- are Anglo-Saxon. It is impossible to write a modern sentence without using a feast of Anglo-Saxon words.”(p.58) The Anglo-Saxons were the first speakers of English, but the English they spoke is very much different from what we speak today and it is unintelligible to modern ears. This is an...

Words: 2061 - Pages: 9

Free Essay

Syllabus Design

...approach, and still others may claim to use only authentic language of native speakers in real situations. Thus, in formal educational setting, especially for language teaching, the necessity of course books leads the way to the exploration of the course book evaluation by teachers. The aim of this paper is to make a detailed evaluation of a common EFL course book ‘Cambridge English for Schools’ which is taught in a popular Iranian language school, Simin Educational Association, according to certain general principles, based on good language-teaching practice. Course Description Cambridge English for Schools is a course in English for young students aged 10/11 and upwards consisting of five levels, Beginner, False beginner, Elementary, Pre-intermediate, Intermediate. The Starter level provides around 40-60 hours of class work while levels 1-4 have 32 units and 80+ hours each. The reason the author has chosen this book for evaluation is twofold-his long familiarity with the course as a result of teaching it at different levels for some time and its claim to benefit from a new approach to English, designed especially for young students and adolescents, namely communicative, task-based approach to...

Words: 2252 - Pages: 10

Free Essay

The Impact of School Quality and Socio-Economic Variables on Students Performance

...Station Manager 2. Deputy Chief News Editor 3. Principal News Editor 4. Senior News Editor 5. Senior Production Officer 6. Studio Manager II 7. Senior Broadcast Engineer QUALIFICATIONS AND EXPERIENCE A. Medical Centre 1. Chief Medical Officer (CONMESS 7): Prospective candidates should possess M.B.B.S., BDS or equivalent plus NYSC Discharge Certificate or Evidence of Exemption. SSCE/NECO/WASC/GCE O/L credits in 5 subjects including English and Mathematics is compulsory. He/she must have at least 18 years relevant post qualification experience. Higher degree in relevant health discipline is mandatory OR Fellowship of Medical Post Graduate College or equivalent. In addition, candidate must be duly registered with the Medical & Dental Council of Nigeria. 2. Deputy Chief Medical Officer (CONMESS 6): Prospective candidates should possess M.B.B.S., BDS or equivalent plus NYSC Discharge Certificate or Evidence of Exemption. SSCE/NECO/WASC/GCE O/L credits in 5 subjects including English and Mathematics is compulsory. He/she must have at least 14 years relevant post qualification experience. Higher degree in relevant health discipline will be an advantage. In addition, candidate must be duly registered with the Medical & Dental Council of Nigeria. 3. Medical Laboratory Scientist I (CONHESS 8): Prospective...

Words: 1728 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

African American Ethnic Groups

...United States, there are five main ethnic groups Caucasians, Latinos, African America, Asian, and Native Americans. All of the ethnic groups are different when it comes to things such as education, poverty, religion and politics. However, at the same time a lot of the groups populate the same states, but stay away from almost the same states. To begin with I will start with the different education rates from groups. African American ethnic groups have a relatively high education rate from what they were in the 1900’s with three point nine million (3.9 million) going to college. I broke down Asian American to three...

Words: 2234 - Pages: 9

Free Essay

Dssds

...PROBLEMS BASED ON ALPHABET.  >> Page - 1 | | PROBLEMS BASED ON ALPHABET  |            Generally in Alphabetical questions a letter series is given in the English alphabets from A to Z. We have to find out the letters satisfying certain given conditions as regards their positions in the given sequence. Some Models:          Directions : Following questions are based on the general English alphabet series.                AB C D E F G H I J K LM N O P Q R S T U VW X Y Z ¤ If the first five letters of English alphabet are reversed and then next six letters are reversed, again next five letters are reversed, again next six letters are reversed, again last four letters are reversed, then which letter will be 11th to the right of 4th from the left?                   1) L       2) M       3) N      4) O      5) None of these Ans: 2. Hint: 15th letter from the left end of the new series is M. ¤ Which letter will be 5th to the left of 24th letter from the left in the above question?                   1) H       2) S       3) T        4) I       5) None of these | | | PROBLEMS BASED ON ALPHABET.  >> Page - 2 | | Ans: 3. Hint: 19th letter from the left end. i.e. T ¤ If the first five letters of English alphabet are reversed, so are the next six, so are the next seven and so are the next eight then which letters will be 11th to the right of 7th from the left?                  1) J        2) K        3) L       4) M         5) None of these ...

Words: 1654 - Pages: 7

Free Essay

Education in Gb

...Education in Britain. In Britain children start going to school when they are five and continue studying until they are sixteen or older. Many children in Britain attend nursery school from the age of about three, but these schools are not compolsory. State schools are free in Great Britain, and attendance is compulsory when children go to a primary school. Primary educatition lasts for six years. At first they attend the infant school from five to seven and then junior school until they are eleven. Morning school begins at nine o'clock and lasts for three hours, until twelve o'clock noon. Afternoon school begins at two o'clock, and lasts for two and a half hours until half-past four. School is open five days a week. On Saturdays and Sundays there are no lessons. There are holidays at Christmas, Easter and in the summer. In a primary school the first lesson of the day is usually Bible study, and the second lesson — arithmetic, both written and mental. Also they get acquainted with the classroom, desks, they mostly playand learn throught playing. They know some numbers and also how to add them. Then pupils go to a secondary school. There children don’t play as so much as it was in infant school. There are other lessons are: mathematics, science, English language reading, writing, English literature, English history, geography, Nature study, drawing, painting, singing, woodwork, and drill (physical training), consisting of Swedish exercises or organized games...

Words: 880 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Reading Summary of Costa Et Al. (2014)

...utilitarian than judgment in native languages. 2.     Method Experiment 1 1) Who are the participants?  317 native/foreign language speakers: 112 English/Spanish in the US, 80 Korean/English in Korea, 107 English/French in France, 18 Spanish or English/Hebrew in Israel 2) What was the procedure of the experiment? Participants were interviewed in native or foreign language ambiance. They read the scenario and picture of the footbridge version of trolley moral dilemma: pushing a man off the bridge to stop a coming train so as to save five people or not. They were then asked to indicate their decision. After that, they answered questions about their background, and did a foreign language comprehension check if they were assigned to a foreign language group. 3) What are the dependent and independent variables? DV: response to the dilemma (pushing or not pushing the man off the bridge) IV: language used in the interview Experiment 2 1) Who are the participants? 725 native/foreign language speakers: 397 Spanish / English, 328 English/Spanish 2) What was the procedure of the experiment? Participants were interviewed in native or foreign language ambiance and read (with no picture) the footbridge version of the trolley moral dilemma: pushing a man off the bridge to stop a coming train so as to save five people or not, and the...

Words: 375 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Old, Middle and Modern English Poetry

...1. Old English Poetry Old English poetry was written during A.D. 650 to 1100. Often called Anglo-Saxon literature, the poetry was written in the old English language. The first characteristic is structure of the poetry. In Old English poetry, each line is broken into two sections called verses or half lines. The first verse is called the on verse, and the second is called the off verse. A pause called a caesura is between the on and off verses. The second is alliteration. Because, one of the most predominant characteristics of Old English poetry is the use of alliteration. Alliteration is the repeated use of the same consonant or vowel sound in different words. In Old English poetry, the alliteration was completed on stressed words beginning with the same consonants or on any vowel sound. The third characteristic is Meter and Rhythm. In Old English poetry, five rhythm types were common. The rhythms were represented by "lift," which means stressed syllable, and "drop," which means unstressed syllables. The five patterns are (1) lift, drop, lift, drop; (2) drop, lift, drop, lift; (3) drop, lift, lift, drop; (4) lift, lift, half-lift, drop or lift, lift, drop, half-lift; and (5) lift, half-lift, drop, lift. The last characteristic of poetry in old English is compound. It was useful to poets focusing on creating alliterations and keeping the rhythm and meter of the poem itself consistent. Three types of compounds occur in Old English poetry. In one type of compound, one...

Words: 332 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Comparision Between English and Japanese Vowels and Consonants System

...Differences between English and Japanese vowel and consonantal system 2.1. Similarities and Differences in Vowel System Vowels are the sounds in the production of which none of the articulators come very close together so the passage of air-stream is relatively unobstructed and the air can get out freely. Vowels are the type of sounds that depend mainly on the variations in the position of the tongue. They are normally voiced. Both English and Japanese vowels can be classified according to three variables: * Tongue height * Part of the tongue which is raised * Degree of lip rounding. Comparing the Japanese vowel system with that of English reveals some significant differences in the following two areas: * The number of vowels * Tense/lax distinctions. Charts below indicate the English and Japanese vowel system. i: u: ɪ ʊ ə e ɜ ɔ: æ ʌ ɒ ɑ: Figure 1: English vowel Chart Figure 2: Japanese vowel Chart The number of vowels: As shown through 2 charts, in the English vowel system, there are 13 different vowels identified. Besides, English vowel system includes several diphthongs such as /a ʊ /, /a ɪ /, and /o ɪ /. On the other hand, Japanese has only 5 vowels in its vowel inventory. It is shown that the number of vowels that can be identified in English and Japanese can differ...

Words: 3745 - Pages: 15

Premium Essay

Marketing

...Census. * Respondents’ gender * Respondents were comprised of 49.1% males and 50.9 % female. * Household structure and size * A little more than half of the respondents were in family households (42.8% two-parent, 6.7% one-parent and 6.0% other families). * A little more than one-quarter (29.2%) were in couple-only households, 2.0% group households and 13.3% lived alone. * The average household size in 2013 was 2.9; slightly lower than the 2011 Census result of 3.0, but higher than the 2.8 from 2012 survey. * Country of birth * Approximately two-thirds of respondents (64.8%) were born in Australia, 3.2% in a mainly English speaking country and 32.0% in a mainly non-English speaking country (similar to the 2012 results). * The top five other countries of birth were Italy (4.6%), India (3.9%), Macedonia (1.8%),...

Words: 2050 - Pages: 9

Free Essay

Socail Studies

...TASK :1 Research Question: What are the effects of unemployment youths in my community of Greiggs? Task: 2 Reason for choosing the topic: The reason this topic was selected is because youths in Greiggs is that a lot of youths is hanging out on the block and getting into trouble, getting into fight and smoking. Task: 3 Method of Investigation use is a questionnaire The method of investigation used for this project was in the form of a questionnaire. The questionnaire was use because a lot of information can be collected in a short period of time, it also facilitate easy data analysis, through the use of structured questions. There were twenty five questionnaires that was distributed on the 15th November and collected on the 26th November. TASK :4 Design of the instrument Greiggs Village, Greiggs P.O, St. Vincent W.I 12th November 2010 Dear Respondents, My name is Leroy Walker. I am a fifth form student of the North Union Secondary School (NUSS). The Caribbean Examination Council (CXC) Social Studies syllabus requires that students complete a School Based Assessment (S.B.A). The topic for my S.B.A is: “What are the effects of unemployment youths in my community of Greiggs?” I am soliciting your assistance towards the completion of my S.B.A. Please complete the following questionnaire. You are advised to answer the following question honestly and truthfully. All information gathered would...

Words: 1380 - Pages: 6

Free Essay

Research

...A historic first!--five Black actors up for 2007 Oscars Entry #1 Web Jet Direct Quote But, this year Blacks could very well hit the trifecta! A record-setting five actors are in the running for the coveted statuette, and three of them could take the spotlight clutching the big prize on Feb. 25. Work Cited "A historic first!--five Black actors up for 2007 Oscars." Jet 26 Feb. 2007: 54+. Academic OneFile. Web. 10 Mar. 2015. King Kong Ain't Got Sh** On Me Entry #2 Journal The Journal of Popular Culture Direct Quote “Many in the African-American community continue to believe that Berry was given the Oscar award because of her sexual performance in the film. The explicit nature of Berry’s sex scene with Billy Bob Thornton’s character seems gratuitous to say the least, and has added fuel to the fire that in Hollywood black women are only celebrated for roles that reinforce certain stereotypes about themselves or their sexuality. As one African-American viewer told me, ‘‘what other Academy Award winning actress do you know that had to take off her clothes to prove her worth?’’’ Work Cited Henderson, Carol E. "“King Kong Ain't Got Sh** On Me”: Allegories, Anxieties, and the Performance of Race in Mass Media." The Journal of Popular Culture 43.6 (2010): 1207-221. Ebsco. Web. 19 Mar. 2015. Black Oscar Nominees Thrive on TV Entry #3 Journal MasterFILE Premier Direct...

Words: 386 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

English

...English as Official Language of United States of America The English language is originated from the Germanic tribes language, which has its roots from England in the form of Old English also known as Anglo-Saxon and has evolved into todays Modern English as we know it. English has become one of the most spoken languages in world, and is ranked as the second most spoken language. English should be the official language of the United States of America. Considered as an international language, it is the most learned and studied language throughout the world. United States laws prohibit the use of any other languages other then English on military installation or in Department of Defense buildings when conducting official business. These are just two reason of why I believe English should be the official language of the United States. In the United States, there are approximately 300 languages other than English that are spoken at home. English should be made the official language of the United States because it will knock down the language barriers for immigrants and they will be more likely to prosper in this nation, even though this may be a difficult process to accomplish at first, for many poor immigrants. In New York City, New York there are approximately thirty-five household languages other then English. If each of these subcultures of New York City have no common language, then it would create over thirty-five separate cities unable to prosper as one. Being required...

Words: 802 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Essay About Learning English Language

...the relevance of learning the English language to the Saudi society , Upon means of communication and nations' conflict of interests, learning has become an urgent need in which judged by contemporary cultural differences and the openness. As in this research, we will introduce the necessity of learning English. Introduction As we are in the era of globalization and the entire world has become a little village upon the exchange of interests and that people of all nations communicate in daily basis, learning English has become a necessity in the whole world. Nowadays, most countries, including Saudi Arabia, save no effort in the matter of teaching English. It is the language of today in which it's needed in all aspects of life....

Words: 788 - Pages: 4