...copilași ! Eu mă duc în pădure ca să mai duc ceva de-ale guri. Dar voi, încuieți ușa după mine, ascultați unul de altul, și să nu cumva să deschideți până ce nu-ți auzi glasul meu. Când voiu veni eu, am să vă dau de știre, ca să mă cunoașteți, și am să vă spun așa : Trei iezi cucuieți Ușa mamei descuieți ! Că mama v-aduce vouă : Frunze-n buze, Lapte-n țâțe, Drob de sare În spinare, Mălăieș În călcăieș Smoc de flori Pe subsuori. Auzit-ați ce-am spus eu ? – Da, mămucă, ziseră iezii. – Pot să am nădejde în voi ? – Să n-ai nici o grijă, mămucă, apucară cu gura înainte cei mai mari. Noi suntem odată băieți, și ce-am vorbit odată vorbit rămâne. – Dacă-i așa, apoi veniți să vă sărute mama ! Dumnezeu să vă apere de cele rele, și mai rămâneți cu bine! – Mergi sănătoasă, mămucă, zise cel mic, cu lacrimi în ochi, și Dumnezeu să-ți ajute ca să te întoarne cu bine și să ne-aduci demâncare. Apoi capra iese și se duce în treaba ei. Iar iezii închid ușa după dânsa și trag zăvorul. Dar vorba veche : "Păreții au urechi și fereștile ochi". Un dușman de lup - ș-apoi știți care ? - chiar cumătrul caprei, care de mult pândea vreme cu prilej ca să pape iezii, trăgea cu urechea la păretele din dosul casei, când vorbea capra cu dânșii. "Bun ! zise el în gândul său. Ia, acum mi-e timpul... De i-ar împinge păcatul să-mi deschidă ușa, halal să-mi fie ! Știu că i-aș cărnoși și i-aș jumuli !" Cum zice, și vine la ușă; și cum vine, și începe : Trei iezi cucuieți Ușa mamei descuieți...
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...superpower is referred to as a dominant global force in which the USA, China and the EU are all thought to be part of. In order to analyse whether a country may be a superpower or not is through a superpower index whereby the factors of population, GNP, TNC headquarters, patent filings and oil reserves are considered. Firstly, it should be observed that, as the title reads, the table is only a ‘possible’ superpower index, and therefore alternative combinations of factors could be used. Additionally, this shows that this superpower index is not universal, and therefore the analysis of a superpower can vary. The figure also shows that the data was between 2006 and 2007, and due to the fact this was 9 years ago, the data may not be valid or reliable. Population has been used to produce the superpower index shown in the figure. The reason for this may be due to the fact that a large population could relate to the strength of the countries workforce, which as a result highlights the influence a country may have on others. A pattern could be recognised throughout developed countries whereby a large population results in a large GDP as a result of a strong workforce. The figure shows that the USA has a population of 300 million, whereas the EU has a population of 490 million, and as a result the USA has a $3 trillion lower GNP than the EU. This could suggest that the market value of all products and services produced by the EU is larger as there is more labour which is potentially stronger...
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...Copyright protects this material. Except as permitted by the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth), reproduction by any means (photocopying, electronic, mechanical, recording or otherwise), making available online, electronic transmission or other publication of this material is prohibited without the prior written permission of the Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Queensland. Copyright inquiries should be addressed to: Intellectual Property and Commercialisation Unit Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries GPO Box 46 Brisbane Qld 4001 or copyright@dpi.qld.gov.au Tel: +61 7 3404 6999 Table of contents Acknowledgements … iv Executive summary …5 Project overview …6 Opportunities for exports to the EU …7 Australian avocado industry...
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...[pic] 1. PROPONENTS Government Sector • Center for International Trade Expositions and Missions (CITEM) • Garments Textile Industry Development Office (GTIDO) • Product Development and Design Center of the Philippines (PDDCP) • Philippine Textile Research Institute (PTRI) • Fiber Industry Development Authority (FIDA) Non-Government Sectors • Confederation of Garment Exporters in the Philippines (CONGEP) • Garment Business Association of the Philippines (GBAP) • Fashion Design Council of the Philippines (FDCP) • Textile Millers Association of the Philippines (TMAP) • Fashion Designers Association of the Philippines (FDAP) • Uniform Manufacturers and Designers Association (UNIMODA) • Cebu Garments Association (CBA) 2. Background • The Philippine garment industry lost significance in the country over the years, but still plays an important role in the economy, especially in regard to employment and export. Behind the dominating electronics products, clothing represents one of the main exports of the Philippines at billion-dollar mark per year. • The export-oriented manufacturers are producing especially for those foreign brands which are positioned in the middle or upper segment of the market • Local designer apparel and home grown brands have yet to penetrate the international market • The textile industry, on the other hand, is extremely weak. Almost all of the local garments manufacturers and exporters...
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... Republic of China The United States The first partner of China is undoubtedly the United States of America. However, the relations between these two countries are far from being very simple. There is no denying that China has genuinely been mesmerized by the military and economic power of the USA for a long time. And it is clear that the aim of the Chinese is to fill up this backwardness and even to surpass the American “hyper-puissance”. But in the same time, China is perfectly aware of the necessity to remain on good (and peaceful) terms with the country, which is one of the major actors of the control of the security of the Oriental Asia. Moreover, it is impossible to turn a blind eye to the fact that China largely depends on the American economy. For example, the Chinese foreign trade surplus with the US amounted to 233 billions dollars in 2006 and the currency supplies currently comes to 1000 billions dollars whose the most part is composed of American Treasury Bills. Thus, this economic interdependence allows the two countries to keep good and pacific ties. Nevertheless, the most sensible problem between China and the USA has remained Taiwan for a long time. Since the normalisation of their relations in 1979, Beijing and Washington have agreed with the fact of maintaining a status quo on this burning issue. Actually, this situation is nurtured by a kind of military confrontation, which enables these countries to stick to their lines. In the...
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...partners of the People’s Republic of China? The United States The first partner of China is undoubtedly the United States of America. However, the relations between these two countries are far from being very simple. There is no denying that China has genuinely been mesmerized by the military and economic power of the USA for a long time. And it is clear that the aim of the Chinese is to fill up this backwardness and even to surpass the American “hyper-puissance”. But in the same time, China is perfectly aware of the necessity to remain on good (and peaceful) terms with the country, which is one of the major actors of the control of the security of the Oriental Asia. Moreover, it is impossible to turn a blind eye to the fact that China largely depends on the American economy. For example, the Chinese foreign trade surplus with the US amounted to 233 billions dollars in 2006 and the currency supplies currently comes to 1000 billions dollars whose the most part is composed of American Treasury Bills. Thus, this economic interdependence allows the two countries to keep good and pacific ties. Nevertheless, the most sensible problem between China and the USA has remained Taiwan for a long time. Since the normalisation of their relations in 1979, Beijing and Washington have agreed with the fact of maintaining a status quo on this burning issue. Actually, this situation is nurtured by a kind of military confrontation, which enables these countries to stick to their lines. In the...
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...100 | 99,4 | 95,2 | 94,9 | Det kan tydeligt ses at den globale økonomi har udviklet sig i en mere negativ retning. Gennem hele denne periode er der altså et fald i BNP. Dette kan heller ikke ophæves af inflationen, da der er tale om faste priser. Det er især et fald i BNP på 3. Kvartal i 2008 til 1. Kvartal i 2009. Det er også nogenlunde på det tidspunkt man mener at den internationale finanskrise er sat i gang. Ved hjælp af indekstal tabellen kan der tydeligt også ses på indirekte vis, hvordan den globale økonomi hænger sammen. For eksempel, så er den boligkrise som USA fik sat i gang for noget tid siden, spredt sig og har på denne måde fået igangsat den nuværende globale finanskrise. På en handelsmæssig og valutamæssig plan bliver euroen påvirket af dollaren. Og da den danske krone er bundet op på euroen (ifølge den danske fastkurspolitik), vil euroen dermed også påvirke den danske krone. På en måde har USA altså trukket de andre lande på den internationale plan ned i deres grøft af krise. Nej! Den økonomiske krise spreder sig af andre årsager og opstår i europa fordi vi også her har levet over evne så at sige. Desværre er det noget som man også kan forbinde med eksempelvis landets forbrug af olie. Globalisering af verdensøkonomier og...
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...Bangladesh, which experienced phenomenal growth during the last 20 years under the quota system of Multi-Fiber Arrangement (MFA). The abolition of quota system thus brings new challenges for Bangladesh’s apparel industry to continue its current status and enhance it in a free flow of apparel trade era. According to BGMEA, after the Liberation War of Bangladesh, in 1983 the Ready-Made-Garment (RMG) industry emerged to be a most promising sector in the socio-economic context of Bangladesh. From that point of time till now, this industry has grown and developed so rapidly that currently Bangladesh is exporting RMG products worth 5 billion USD every year to countries like EU, USA, Canada and other countries of the world. Now, Bangladesh enjoys the position of being the 6th largest apparel supplier to the USA and EU countries. The sector rapidly attained high importance in terms of employment, foreign exchange earnings and its contribution to GDP. Background of RMG industry in Bangladesh since beginning of ‘80s Export-oriented garment exports from Bangladesh were initiated in the beginning of the 1980s (Bhattacharya and Rahman, 2001; Hoque, Murayama and Rahman, 1995; Murayama, 2006; Rhee, 1990; Zohir and Paul-Majumder, 1996). A Korean investor was...
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...Policy Research – Implications of Liberalization of Fish Trade for Developing Countries Trade Issues Background Paper: The Impact of Dumping on Trade in Fisheries Products Nigel Peacock Project PR 26109 July 2004 Support unit for International Fisheries & Aquatic Research SIFAR Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, Rome 1 THE IMPACT OF DUMPING ON TRADE IN FISHERIES PRODUCTS This report forms part of a wider study on “Policy Research – Implications of Liberalization of Fish Trade for Developing Countries”, comprising five trade issues background papers and five country case studies. The trade issues background papers are dealing with the following topics: • Sanitary and Phyto-Sanitary (SPS) Measures and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) • Ethical/Social/Eco Certification, Labelling and Guidelines • The Impact of Subsidies on Trade in Fisheries Products • The Impact of Dumping on Trade in Fisheries Products • Fiscal Reforms and Trade in Fisheries Products The case studies cover the following countries: • Bangladesh • Guinea • India • Uganda • Vietnam For a synthesis of the entire study including policy recommendations, see: Bostock, T., Greenhalgh, P. and Kleih, U. (2004), Policy Research – Implications of Liberalization of Fish Trade for Developing Countries – Synthesis Report. Chatham, UK: Natural Resources Institute. ISBN 0 85954 560-1. Copies of the various reports are available on the following websites: • www.onefish.org/id/225570...
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...COMPARES TO EU Establishing alliances lies in the very human nature. From an evolutionary perspective we form groupings to secure our overall survival as a species. “You look out for me and I look out for you.” This desire is deeply rooted in our psyche. Politicians link states in collaborations like the European Union to preserve or increase the impact and power of their state. Consequently when a state feels hindered or disadvantaged by such a linkage, they try to cut loose. As seen in the upcoming “Brexit” referendum. So why bother to stay, when all it does, is cost loads of money? When we pay money for work or goods we expect the purchased to be worth its price. Similarly, when we indirectly pay for the EU through taxes, we demand to see some advantage from that. But what are the advantages of the EU? First of all we have to draw a clear line between confederation and federalism. Neither is the EU a confederate institution, that allows every state to work completely individually, nor is it a federal state that bounds each state to the same welfare state system and customs. The EU combines aspects from both federalism and confederation. The EU sets unified principles and rights for EU citizens, allows EU countries to stand a chance against great world powers like the USA and economically supports less developed regions within the EU (30% of the EU budget). As for the closer future of the EU, there might be drastic changes. If the British decide to leave the EU, the idea...
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...on Earth. It established a ring of bases to surround the USSR in the Cold War era, as part of its policy of containment. The Iraq war saw the USA effectively “go it alone.” • Some economic power is direct. The USA plays a major role in world trade, much of which is conducted in $. The US $ is the world’s reserve currency. • A key area of US international prestige since the 1960s has been the exploration of space. 1969 saw men on the moon. The USA aims to build a moon base by 2020 and visit Mars by 2037. Exercise of indirect power • Neo-colonialism (term coined by Kwame Nkrumah, first president of Ghana) is a form of indirect control over developing counties, most of them former colonies. Has neo-colonialism prevented any real development progress in the 40 years since colonies gained their independence? Africa could lead us to say yes. India could lead us to say no. • Some people say the IGOs were set up by superpowers for superpowers. The IMF was set up in 1944. It has its headquarters in Washington. Counties wishing to have their debt relieved have to apply Western economic policies devised by the World Bank and the IMF. This means they lose some of their economic sovereignty. • Global economic and political power is in the hands of a small number of players in the form of IGOs. The USA is a member of the G7, the G8, the UN Security Council, NATO, OPEC and the IMF. This means it can steer global policy and decision making in its...
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...Incorporation of Muslim in Non-Muslim World: Focusing on France, Germany, UK and USA Abstract Though many European countries have large and growing Muslim minorities but since the terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001, Madrid in 2004 and London in 2005 the vast majority of Muslims in Europe became vulnerable to extremist ideologies. The matter of joy is that over the last several years, European governments have stepped up their efforts to improve Muslim integration. These have included introducing new citizenship laws and language requirements, promoting dialogue with Muslim organizations, developing “homegrown” imams more familiar with European culture and traditions, improving educational and economic opportunities for Muslims, and tackling racism and discrimination. By ensuring the Muslim integration, European governments have also sought to strengthen security measures and tighten immigration and asylum policies to prevent radicalization and combat terrorism. So this paper will illustrate the incorporation of Muslim in Secular Europe along with the policies of combating terrorism. Contents Abstract • Introduction • Presence of Muslim in Europe • France o Muslim attendance in France o French Efforts to Promote Muslim Integration • Germany o Muslim attendance in Germany o Germany Efforts to Promote Muslim Integration ...
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...North American Economic Integration: NAFTA and Beyond Dr. Igor M. Paramonov, Southern Alberta Institute of Technology, Calgary, AB, Canada ABSTRACT This paper examines various possibilities for future economic integration within and beyond the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Previous publications have suggested three potential trajectories including development within the envisioned original structure, deepening, and widening of NAFTA (Clement et al, 1999). It is necessary to revisit these directions while summarizing major developments and new perspectives. Vision and hard work are required for NAFTA to remain one of the most economically competitive regional trading arrangements in the world. In addition to NAFTA, each member nation has pursued its own plans to integrate with countries and regions beyond North America. The most recent developments involve trade negotiations between Canada and the European Union, as well as both Canada and Mexico’s considerations to join the nine countries of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Pact. The United States cooperates with a group of smaller developing economies within the Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR). This paper presents ongoing analysis of governmental, academic, and other sources for the purpose of teaching in the field of international business, including the uncommon course of “Business under NAFTA.” INTRODUCTION Is the “Age of NAFTA” over? This is a legitimate...
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...deficit at the heart of the EU? Many Conservative and UKIP politicians as well as supporters of these two parties would argue there is a democratic deficit at the heart of the EU. One of the big arguments as to why the EU has a democratic deficit is that the EU is an elitist organisation. This argument claims that the EU is controlled by a small group with a lot of power. The elite can be separated into two distinct groups: the economic elite and political elite. The economic elite are defined as big businesses that want a big, single market of which to trade in of which the political elite push forward. The political elite constitute: heads of governments, foreign ministers, civil servants and the Commission who have come under a lot of scrutiny by euro-sceptics for being undemocratic. Elite domination can be evidenced by the Maastricht Treaty of 1992 and Denmark as a member state. The Maastricht Treaty was the most important treaty in terms of change of rules of the EU and Demark wanted to consult with its population before accepting the terms by holding a referendum. The first referendum led to a rejection by the Danish people however a second referendum was held on the issue in which the Danish population agreed to accept the treaty. This is a clear example of the EU not taking no for an answer and shows how the EU is led by an elite that will not take rejection from the population of an EU member-state. This can be evidenced further by idea of an EU Constitution that the elite...
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...characterized by tit-for-tat tariffs and protectionism between trading nations. World trade fell from $5.7 billion to $1.9 billion, industrial efficiency and the effects of comparative advantage were sharply reduced, unemployment increased dramatically and the world was pushed into decade-long economic depression. Ad Valorem, Specific and Compound Duties. Import duties are three types; 1) Ad Valorem, 2) Specific, or 3) a combination of two called compound. An Ad Valorem Duty is stated as a percentage of the invoice value of the product. Example: US tariff schedule states that flavoring extracts and fruit flavors not containing alcohol are subjected to a 6% Ad Valorem Duty. When a shipment of flavoring extracts invoiced at $10,000 arrives at USA, the importer is required to pay $600 to US customs as duty. A Specific Duty is a fixed sum of...
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