...Topic; Non-traditional families are becoming the new normal in the United States. Discuss and compare the traditional family and non-traditional families. Family pattern has changed greatly due to industrialization and urbanization since the nineteenth century. Another factor which has been involved in those changes is the growing intervention of the state, by legislative action, in the domestic affairs of the family. As a result of these trends, the modern “nuclear” family has been substituted for the traditional extended family. The increase of values such as individualism and egalitarianism has influenced the patterns of modern family. Although traditional and modern families share similarities in terms of constitutional concept and milieu of love and care, they have several differences in term of family size and gender roles. Traditional and modern families share a lot of similarities. As the traditional family was, modern family is still an institutional component of western societies. In other words, both are a “unit structure” or “basic organism” of which society is composed. As an institution, traditional and modern families similarly have to complete functions such as procreation and socialization of children. For example, even though the modern family has decreased in size, it is still the common environment where children are born; receive a moral education, where their tendencies are disciplined and where their aspirations are encouraged. Therefore, to reassure...
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...Evolution of the Traditional Family What is a normal family in the 21st century? Over the past 100 years, one of the many things that has been constantly changing is “family life.” This drastic change began in the 1920’s and 30’s and Aldous Huxley was able to successfully foreshadow this in his book Brave New World. During the first half of the 20th century a model family consisted of a working father, stay at home mother, and many children. Since then birth rates have dropped, age of marriage has increased, and divorce rates have increased, leading to a different family standard and in most cases putting increased stress on the children. Although women have a certain amount of freedom in a traditional family they have more freedom in many of today’s families. One of these benefits includes another source of income, which can be essential in the modern economy. One benefit of a traditional family is the ability to gain knowledge and learn skills from both parents. When living with both parents a child is able to obtain a much more due to the different skill sets and strengths of each parent. Often a father will be able to teach things that are hands-on such as woodworking, landscaping, or even sports. The mother can generally teach things that involve work inside the house. Both roles can also be reversed but when a family consists of both parents it is more likely to have a parent able to teach these lessons. If one of the parents is not present then the child...
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...associated with the religion one practices. Hanukkah or Chanukah celebrates the Jewish rededication of the Temple in Jerusalem in the Second century B.C. Legend says Jews rose up against their Greek-Syrian oppressors during the Maccabean Revolt (History.com, 2011). The meaning of Hanukkah in Hebrew is dedication, and is an eight day festival, known as the festival of lights which begins on the 25th day of the Jewish month of Kislev; usually in the months of November or December. Hanukkah for those who do not practice Judaism is probably the best known holiday celebrated in the Jewish faith. The reason for this knowledge is because of its proximity to the Christmas holiday celebrated by Christians. Hanukkah is not the Jewish Christmas that many non-Jews come to believe (Jewish Virtual Library, 2011). The Hanukkah celebration praises a miracle which is said to have occurred during the Maccabean Revolt. It is said that God made the one day's worth of oil burn for eight days, thus giving us the term Festival of Lights. There is only one essential ritual of Hanukkah and it is the lighting of candles. The Hanukkah candles are held a candelabrum which holds nine candles. This is special form of menorah (Molloy, 2010). The menorah in the Jewish faith is believed to portray the burning bush which Moses saw as depicted in the Hebrew Bible or Torah (WiseGeek.com, 2011). The order of lighting the candles is done by lighting one candle on the first night of Hanukkah, then two are lit on the second...
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...production: raw material, social creations necessary for the society to engage in economic production, technology, natural resources related skills and knowledge. Relations of production: owndership of the forces of prod, some owned communally, others were private ownership and compel others groups to work for it superstructure HM all aspects of society not included in the base, religion, philosphy, politics, the fam, law, art CHANGE IN ECON BASE CHANGE IN SUPERSTRUCTURE Simple Societies Not dependent on any other society; little political organization, division by gender Compound Societies Greater division of labor, stratification, composite groups formed Doubly compound All doubly compound societies are settled, non-nomadic, political organization more elaborate, caste system, towns and roads Trebly compound societies Extensive territorial scope of society; Great civilizations, productive, distributive capcity, regular exchange with other societies Historical Materialsm was also a reaction to important contemporary societal and intellectual developments: Lenski: Technology used to adapt to environment; Outcomes: Surplus production, Population growth, Stratification, occupational specialization Harris: Cultural Materialsm (best for preindustrial) Theory Mechanism: Population growth & technological processing deplete the environment, cause decline in living standards, critique: focuses too much on dem., economy low on imp. ...
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...develop and change their society. French philosopher Marquis de Condorcet was involved in the origins of the theory with the concept that technological advancements and economic changes can enable changes in moral and cultural values. Condorcet was the first to make the connection between economic and social development connection and that there can be continuous progress and improvement in human affairs. With that said, new advancements and improvements would need to keep pace with a constantly changing world. Furthermore, he encouraged technological processes to help give people further control over their environments, arguing that technological progress would eventually spur social progress. In addition to social structure and the evolution of societies, the French sociologist Émile Durkheim developed the concept of functionalism, which stresses the interdependence of the institutions of a society and their interaction in maintaining cultural and social unity. His most famous work is The Division of Labour in Society, which described how social order was to be maintained in a society and how primitive societies might make the transition to more economically advanced industrial societies. Durkheim suggested that in a capitalist society, with a complex division of labour, economic regulation would be needed to maintain order. He stressed that the major transition from a primitive social order to a more advanced industrial society could...
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...CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF EICHSTÄTT-INGOLSTADT INGOLSTADT SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT Team Case Analysis DOVE: EVOLUTION OF A BRAND (2008) Zuzana Husarova Sayantan Jana Papitha Mohan Arianna Parmigiani Subject: Brand Management Summer Term 2015 Date of submission: 2015-05-28 Dove: Evolution of a brand The aim of this team case analysis is to describe and analyse the evolution of the brand Dove with respect to its current strong position in American, European and increasingly even in the Asian market. What enables the brand to be so successful? Why is Dove today synonymous with care and beauty? We believe that the answers to these questions can be found in changes that took place almost a decade ago and shaped perspectives, values, corporate culture and point of view of the brand and, consequently, also of Dove´s customers and the public in general. 2 Brand Management in Unilever Because of global decentralization and the lack of transparency in all operations Unilever decided to change its organization structure with the aim to create a unified global identity. Thus, in February 2000 they launched an initiative “Path to Growth” that would clearly define their goals in order to strengthen the brand under a changing marketplace scenario. The most important changes are described in a table below. BRAND MANAGEMENT CHANGES pre 2000 after 2000 Leadership Style Laissez-faire Decentralization Centralization Product Category Multiple...
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...FREE TRADE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH An evaluation of the American – Peruvian Free Trade Agreement, 5 years after its implementation Adolfo Neira Economy (ECON6090) William Paterson University 10/24/14 Professor Dr. Taghi Ramin Contents ABSTRACT 3 INTRODUCTION 4 LITERATURE REVIEW 9 METHODOLOGY 11 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 13 CONCLUSION 17 REFERENCES 20 ANNEX OF FIGURES AND TABLES 22 Figure 1. Peru nominal and real GDP, 1994-2013 and Inflation Rate, 1994-2013 22 Figure 2. Peru Exports (FOB) and Imports (CIF). 1994-2013 22 Figure 3. Peru Trade Openness Index and Contribution of US trade to TOI. 23 Table 1. Trade evolution for Exports, Imports, and Trade Balance, Peru-USA 2009-2013. 23 Figure 4. Trade evolution for Exports, Imports, and Trade Balance, Peru-USA 2009-2013. 24 Figure 5. Peru-USA Trade Exports and Imports per capita. 2009-2013. 24 Figure 6. Peru-USA and Peru-World Net Trade and Balance Trade Comparison. 2009-2013. 25 Figure 7. Peru’s Foreign Direct Investment stock and flow (Equity Capital). 2003-2013. 25 ABSTRACT Peru has signed a Free Trade Agreement with United States on February 2009, this FTA with the US is a balanced and comprehensive agreement covering all aspects of bilateral economic relationship such as: trade in goods, investment promotion, procurement, border services, and protection of intellectual property. It also includes chapters on labor and environmental protection. Objectives for the Agreement are of two...
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...Max Havelaar France www.maxhavelaarfrance.org The Fairtrade certification impact on small producers: Conclusions of the first studies, April 2009 Synthèse Max Havelaar France : Karine Laroche & Barbara Guittard. From studies carried out by : OREADE BRECHE (République Dominicaine : Conacado et Banelino ; Pérou : Cocla), AVSF (Equateur : Fapecafes ; Pérou : Apromalpi ; Bolivie : Coopératives des Yungas). Synthèse on the impact of Fairtrade Certification FLO PREAMBULE A reflective work around the impact of FTC (Fairtrade Certification)’s activities, on the main group of beneficiaries, has been initiated in 2005 by Max Havelaar France and its federation FLO. Indeed, the substantial work done until now around guarantee (referring to the guarantee of the means (standards, prices, etc.) and the direct results of those means (verified through certification, ie: whether volumes sold have been paid at the defined levels, to democratic organisations, etc.)) only gave an incomplete overview of the sustainable and substantial changes brought by the FTC to organisations and its members. The action taken of measuring the FTC’s impact is thus aiming at better understanding the mechanisms and the reality of the FTC’s impact, in order to 1/ being able to explain it and to have more solid information, and 2/ being able to improve its tools and interventions. Several studies have been carried out in parallel to the elaboration and to the improvement of a common methodological frame...
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...knowledge to help solve socioeconomic problems in Africa. Finally, comments are made regarding the impact of sociocultural particularism and Western individualism on the study of culture and cultural evolution. During the late 1950s and 1960s, national character and typical personality studies were broadly condemned, breathed their last gasp, and were ultimately relegated to the dustbin of bad social science. Since that time, various African scholars outside the social sciences have nevertheless been sustaining and redirecting group personality inquiry. They are not, however, approaching their subject as did Western social scientists in the first half of this century who used questionnaire instruments to determine if Africans were "traditional" or "modern" (2). This was a particularly popular approach among Western occupational psychologists working in Africa in the 1950s and 1960s who sought to scientifically assign statistical coefficients of modernization to African populations. They did this, for the most part, to find out which African groups were better suited for white or blue collar work in the colonial and post-independence socioeconomic setup (3). The majority of prior culture and personality researchers focusing on Africa were interested in creating and testing a "traditional/Western measuring device" (Dawson 1967), "assaying psychological modernization" (Doob 1967), or...
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...Online learning wasn’t always a term used to describe a learning style or environment. The evolution of learning has taking us to a new height of accessibility, availability, speed and flexibility, to name a few benefits. Because there are so many advantages to learning online the popularity grew quickly and was adopted by many- both traditional and non-traditional school structures. We are in the 21st century were everything seems to be possible and acceptable; why would learning be any different. In my experience, I’ve discovered the greatest benefits of learning online are that full Bachelors, Masters, PhDs, certificates, etc. are offered to individuals from the convenience of their home or office. The variety of degree programs offered and single classes offered appeal to a wide range of prospective learners. This removes all barriers that previously prevented students from be able to enroll in an accredited institution to earn a valuable education. Tuition costs are competitive and in some instances lower than that of traditional schools. Students are often pleased with the reduction in money spent towards education overall when the cost is offset by being able to download material needed versus purchasing high priced textbooks. Another cost reduction is the relief of not having to commute back and forth to the campus to attend classes. Gas prices and the cost of having and maintaining a vehicle can be an added unnecessary stress on a student. Online classes remove...
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...Two-Career Family Versus One-Career Family My paper will focus on the differences and the similarities between the two career families and one career families, and will give ideas regarding which of the two is better in the development of the individual career. There are various studies that focus on the career development of the individual and how the work is connected with the non-work lives of people. There are divergent studies that show the strong relationship of family and work. It shows that the developmental needs of the family will produce incomplete understanding regarding the career dynamics (Arthur & Hall 1989, p. 159). One of the main differences between the two career family and the one career family is the focus on the roles and the responsibilities of the parents, concerning the many needs of the family. The one career family is what we call the traditional setup, where the male’s major task is to be the financial provider and have great influence over them. Men primarily handles the decision-making process, while the women assumes the responsibility of taking care of the home, caring and raising the kids, managing household chores, cooking, and handling day-to-day errands. Some of the one career families focus on the fact that some men place a lot of heart and attention on their own career, whereas, family time is considered a secondary responsibility. On the other hand, the two career family is considered the product of evolution, and the development...
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...the written or printed musical score (List 363). Whether it is a professional group or just friends gathered around with a few guitars, forms of folk music are still a large part of our culture. However, people today seem to lack knowledge of what folk music is and the importance if it. When did people start to think like this? It is through the evolution of folk music that the answer to this question can be answered. The idea of folk music has existed for at least 200 years, and throughout this time, it has faced the same stereotype; folk songs, they thought, could only be found only among an agrarian, illiterate peasantry; literacy, urbanization, and modernization were thought to work against folk tradition (Titon 167). This makes it seem as if folk music is an artifact, only to be imitated without chance of actual creation. However the idea of “process” in folk music has been becoming more acceptable as performance and context are being used more regularity to define what folk music is, broadening its definition to fit today’s modern society. With respect to our folk group, we perform together; we also share our folk music with family and friends on particular occasions. Many aspects can link this informal experience, for us it is mainly linked...
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...Traditionally, a marriage consists of a man and woman joining their lives together through a ceremony that is typically religious. The evolution of people and relationships has majorly impacted the ideal image of how a marriage is entered upon. For example, it was taboo to most people during and before the Civil Rights era in the United States for individuals of different ethnic backgrounds to date one another; let alone, get married and start a family. It almost seems that most people who were against interracial relationships during this time believed that God’s intent of marriage only should be of two people who share the same faith and heritage. Well, just like all of Earth’s entities we as humans evolve! More specifically, Americans have evolved in how we view right and wrong in today’s society. Currently, there are various levels of how family structures exist. “With marriage exerting less influence over how adults organize their lives and bear their children, cohabitation is filling some of the vacuum” (Leo, 2009, p. 1). “Today about a half of all non-marital births are to a cohabiting couple; 15 years ago, only about a third were” (Leo, 2009, p. 1). “Cohabiters are ambivalent about marriage – just under half (44%) say they to want marry; a nearly equal portion (41%) say they aren’t sure” (Leo, 2009, p. 1). Being that the idea of traditional marriage is losing its popularity, what can be blamed for its declining status? Some will argue and say that media has a huge impact...
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...thinking about research in comparative justice, there are two questions that we should ask ourselves; what is it that we want to compare? What are the strategies of comparison or the perspectives of comparison? There are issues and problems that when comparing you have to deal with both internal and external to the system of criminal justice. There are multiple perspectives that are to be used: historical, systematic, relativistic, and cultural perspectives. First is the Historical perspective, which is the perspective of understanding the history and the evolution of criminal justice. Before the rise of the nation states in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, most of the world societies were ruled for centuries by different monarchies, kingdoms, and colonial powers. China, Asia, Africa, and Latin America, all had some kind of historical or traditional law. As for China they were under a traditional law that demanded that any offender must confess and voluntarily surrender. But this somewhat changed when the Qing law was reinforced, this caused the obligations to change by making provisions for alternative sentencing for those who surrendered and by lengthening the limitations of time to surrender. But a short time after the Qing dynasty disintegrated in 1912. By 1912 and 1949, China established a republican government, many Chinese urban intellectuals began to be exposed to western liberal values, and the government was aiming to borrow criminal justice from the...
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...for Chapter 5 and Chapter 6 * PART A: Answer all the questions and please include all the questions as well. * PART B: Discuss the case studies and answer all the questions given. 3. References – include the link or your references Due of Submission: 10th May 2016 (Tuesday) before 12.00 noon. Submit your report at my office at 58, Level 2, Block A. Chapter 5: IT Infrastructure and Emerging Technologies PART A: 1. What is IT infrastructure and what are its components? • Define IT infrastructure from both a technology and a services perspective. • List and describe the components of IT infrastructure that firms need to manage 2. What are the stages and technology drivers of IT infrastructure evolution? • List each of the eras in IT infrastructure evolution and describe its distinguishing characteristics. • Define and describe the following: Web server, application server, multitiered client/server architecture. • Describe Moore’s Law and the Law of Mass Digital Storage. • Describe how network economics, declining communications costs, and technology standards affect IT infrastructure. 3. What are the current trends in computer hardware platforms? • Describe the evolving mobile platform, grid computing, and cloud computing. • Explain how businesses can benefit from autonomic computing, virtualization, green computing, and multicore processors. 4. What are the current trends in software platforms? • Define and describe open source software and Linux...
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