...What did the term Fascism stand for? The term ‘fascist’ was later applied to other rules and rulers like Hitler (Germany), Franco (Spain), Salazar (Portugal) and Peron (Argentina). These were sometimes quite different from the Italian rule. Since there was no great theoretical writer during this age who would have explained the philosophies clearly in the way that Karl Marx had did for Communism. Mussolini had been frequently changing his policies and aims before 1923 which suggested that his main aim was to acquire power. Some of the basic principles of Fascism can be listed as follows: • Extreme Nationalism: Emphasis on the re-birth of the Nation after a period of decline and also establishing that one’s own Nation is superior to all. • A totalitarian system of Government: In this the Government attempted to arouse and mobilize the ordinary people and to organize them with strong disciplinary measures and to control as many aspects of human life as possible. According to the ‘fascists’, this was necessary in order to promote the interest of the State. • A one party state was essential: there was no place for democracy and especially communism. The fascist party members were the elite class of the Nation and the leader would win mass support thrilling speeches. • Importance of economic self-sufficiency (autarchy): This was required in order to develop the greatness of the state. • Military strength and violence: This was an integral part...
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...exercises harsh and strict control over the citizens, and the commons are mandated to comply with the government rule without resistance. Most authoritarian regimes rely on nationality or race to garner influence and support for a centralized autocratic government. The main aim of a fascist government is to enhance national unity and maintain a stable order in the society by exercising the element of fear among the citizens. Totalitarianism was able to exercise influence, by garnering devotion from regime loyalist. Its prominent execution was purported to collectively influence the success of a country. Supporters of the regime were rewarded by significant posts and incentives while non-loyalists were expected to remain silent without questioning the administrations motives. Use of violence was supported by the administration system to neutralize any emergent form of oppression. Fascism was a prominent governing system that was established during the early twentieth century, based on the need to respond to western influence and assert dictatorial states as new world leaders. The common character present in both ideologies is the nation or state was put before the rest. If a state was conceived by fascist regimes then the nation would speaks would be organized, structured and from its unity arise above the rest (Eatwell, 2011).Stalwarts were the propellers of the movement, their role was to obey and follow the chain of command nurturing a controlled...
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...World War Two Study Guide Fascism: a governmental system led by a dictator having complete power, forcibly suppressing opposition and criticism, regimenting all industry,commerce,etc., and emphasizing an aggressive nationalism and often racism. A political movement that employs the principles and methods of fascism, especially the one established by Mussolini in Italy. Benito Mussolini: Benito Mussolini served as Italy’s 40th Prime Minister from 1922 until 1943. He is considered a central figure in the creation of Fascism and was both an influence on and close ally of Adolf Hitler during World War II. In 1943, Mussolini was replaced as Prime Minister and served as the head of the Italian Social Republic until his execution by Italian partisans in 1945. Adolf Hitler: Adolf Hitler was the leader of Nazi Germany from 1933 until his suicide in 1945. Hitler was responsible for starting World War II and for killing more than 11 million people during the Holocaust. He was know as the Führer of the Third Reich. As dictator of Germany, Hitler wanted to increase and strengthen the German army as well as expand Germany's territory. Although these things broke the terms of the Versailles Treaty, the treaty that officially ended World War I, other countries allowed him to do so. Since the terms of the Versailles Treaty had been harsh, other countries found it easier to be lenient than risk another bloody European war. When the Nazis attacked Poland World War II began. Nazism: "Nazi"...
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...reaches a point when the workers can no longer purchase the products they produce, a crisis of over-production and declining profits or an intense battle for cheaper labor, raw materials, and new markets; that is, war. Although this came into practice as a political ideology in 1919 with the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini, Fascism became more prominent after the 1st world war when Adolf Hitler a small time army personal who did not get its due respect and position and was treated very badly by his Party to whom he was affiliated. It was between the 1st and 2nd World War the most famous fascist leader who went to become the Dictator and invaded almost half of the European countries and Asia with His Japanese’s allies. Thus Fascism could not be understood in many of its practical manifestations as a party organization, as a system of education or as a discipline. The present phase of fascism is a more organized and systematic attempt to continue the caste-class legacy. It started with the emergence of Hindu Chauvinism under the leadership of Rashitriya Swayamsevak Sangh led camp. This camp learnt various things from different sectors like the skills in organizing and mobilizing the man power, finance and the management techniques from Communist parties, Churches & Christian institutions who had mastered and...
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...profit. Most of the drugs that have been introduced are expensive and provide few of the benefits that patients expect. According to the American Cancer Society, usually treatments and medications given to patients have side affects that often cause worst health problems to the patients. The process of accumulating components for prospective medications in the use of cancer treatment is an extremely long process. In most cases, the development takes years to even get a single drug to be manufactured for patient consumption. It must go through several fascists of laboratory testing. “From a “target” to a “drug”, to “trial” then finally, an approved medication in the fight against cancer” (Giulio Draetta M.D., 2012) Researchers use unique processes that extract compounds from natural organism sources such as oceans, plants, fungal bacteria. They then use the chemical foundations to produce medications for treatment..The first phase consists of laboratory studies, both by human consumption as well as animals. They are assessed to determine proper dosing amounts as well as taking into consideration the side effects that the medications have on the patients. Research consists of...
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...Old Dreams, New Perspectives Migrants already live a post-national life under precarious conditions in that they make themselves into clandestine citizens of Europe without being able to claim national member-ship of an EU country. In so doing, they pre-empt a cosmopolitan European identity of a kind conceived as a political vision by the anti-Fascist and anti-racist resistance in Europe The cosmopolitan dream of an open Europe Europe’s new start after World War II was marked by post-national ideas. It was the experience of European Fascism with its nationalism and racism that gave wings to the social imagination of a different Europe. And it was first and foremost cosmopolitans of the Jewish and anti-Fascist diaspora who developed and represented this “third place” of a post-totalitarian, post-national Europe as a politically realistic perspective. Today, these origins of the modern Europe appear to have been forgotten. Yet the cosmopolitan dream of an open Europe that overcomes its historic barriers of nationalism, racism and colonialism is not dead. Today, however, it is less then ever before a perspective of the political elites. As an idea and as a demand, however, this Europe continues to have its place in the diaspora: among the critics and dissidents of the new Euro-statehood and among the migrants who fight a practical fight against the EU’s neo-colonial border regime. However, a new, disenchanted character of cosmopolitanism is emerging here, marked less...
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...John Doe AAS-290 The Magnificent Cake In the 1th century Africa was considered a “magnificent cake”, this phrase was a metaphor for African soil. Africa was divided up into new colonies by Europeans. After the end of slavery in Africa, Europeans wanted to expand their empires for industrialization and trade. This was called the “scrabble for Africa”, which consisted of the France, England, Portugal, Germany, and Denmark and they all wanted a piece of African soil hence the metaphor the “magnificent African cake” because Africa was divided amongst these countries like slices to a cake. The early resistance to European invasion was the early British takeover of southern Africa. The British took the Ashanti nation forcefully. The king of the Ashanti was publicly humiliated after surrendering. He was forced to kiss the British commander's boot. The Portuguese farmers were forced to grow cotton for export to Portugal. The price per unit of cotton was fixed by Portugal. The farmers were forced to sell great quantities of cotton at low prices. So many farmers were forced to produce cotton that there was a shortage of crops in Mozambique. The people began to pressure the government to become more liberal. Stronger demands became common, to the point of requesting a full-fledged democracy. The ideas were not only confined to the elite of the colonies, however, the elite held protests. Farmers face grievances from Portugal because farmers were forced to grow cotton for export...
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...Riordan Manufacturing We are here with the understanding that Hugh McCauley, COO would like to update and integrate a new Human Resource (HR) system. This would be an update and integration to all plant locations where Riordan Manufacturing would get a new stat of the art and up to date HR information system. With this being said the IT department needs to understand your business requirements for the development and support of this new system request. The IT team would create detailed design project implementation plans for the project. Our IT department believes that if we were to start soon we could have the new system up and running in the next six months, which will give the company some time to see how it will do in the last quarter with the new system. Our company feels that the key stakeholders for this new system will of course be Hugh McCauley your COO, the director of the HR department, and the HR personnel. Our team is going to take all information from the key stakeholders and develop new HR tools and processes according to the requirements and information gathered. The beginning of this process is going to go a lot like an interview, where the IT department will gather relative information from those using the application that is already in use. Developers will also have a similar process throughout this time where they are gathering information for the SDLC (Software Development Life-cycle). The developers will let the HR department know what is reasonable and...
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...Britain, France and Soviet Union were great imperial powers, who all faced by the recurrent problems, nationalist movements among their people.1 World War One affected the political, economic, and social systems of Europe.2 The Treaty of Versailles had a very important influence on the Second World War, it was harsh, and economically impossible. In addition, it would be enough to upset the Germans, but not enough to restrain them powerless.3 There was another instability in Europe, the conflict within the eastern Europe; all of eastern Europe’s territories were changed, thus left many nations without a state of its own.4 There was continuity in German policy between the periods 1914 to 1941. World War Two, was a continuation of the past 30 years war. Bell talked about the Thirty Years War thesis, the stable Europe of 1914, had an equal balance of power, but it did not prevent Germany’s dynamism and expansionism. It took four years of war, and with the help of powerful USA to defeat Germany. If Germany still had the same ideas, but was faced a weak Europe with no balance of power and without the interference of the USA, another world would be certainty.5 However, this is confronted by another equally powerful thesis, it was the effect of the war and instable peace settlement and the consequences of the great depression that made a war inevitable.6 Ideology was very important and powerful. Fascism, Nazism and communism provided an alternative to democracy. However, because...
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...Art is an important part of every society. It tells of the history of the people, their culture and it depicts at each phase, what the society is going through. In today's fast paced era, people are almost always preoccupied with the chores of today and the concerns of tomorrow and they hardly find time to devote in appreciating various artforms which may have been one of their several childhood interests. Also, people's interests are increasingly changing and aligning with the art attractions of the latest century like metal music over classical or carnatic, plastic decorative furniture over ancient terracota for their homes and so on. Thus, largely lack of government funding can endanger the flourishing of arts and their availability to all people. Government ignoring the arts can lead to a loss of history. An example is Nigeria. All around the country are works of art were exhumed from the ground years ago: the figurines in Esie, the works of Nok, the golden tusks in Benin. The government doesn’t fund the arts and today works of Nigerian arts are found in museums all over the world . They are in the Louvre in Paris, museums in Italy and London but can hardly be found in Nigeria. The few ones left are in such a terrible state; information provided on the work seem bogus and inaccurate. Whereas in other nations like Italy, France, the original works of arts hang in such places as the Louvre and Vatican city and tells the story of the people because Government funds the arts...
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...How successful was Lenin in creating a totalitarian society by 1924? Lenin, the leader of the Bolshevik party and most importantly the ruler of Russia had to sacrifice a lot to get the Communist utopia Karl Marx foresaw. Despite it being a modification of the official ideology which people refer to as Leninism, it had major flaws which made you question, was Lenin really successful in creating a totalitarian society? Lenin was very successful in creating a totalitarian society; one of his beneficial areas of control was his one party state which was crucial in order to achieve Lenin’s adaptation to Marxism, this would mean the Bolsheviks would have complete control over the state and get rid of all and any opposition to their ideology. Lenin did this by dissolving the constituent assembly which meant a step forward in a totalitarian state by means of no opposition, Lenin made sure it stayed this way by ensuring the ban on factions within the Party as well as using the Cheka to make sure everyone stays in line and does not oppose the new Bolshevik regime. This was effective as it now left the Bolsheviks in complete control in this area. Another reason Lenin was successful was the fact he had control over the economy which is absolutely essential in any Totalitarian regime as controlling the economy meant they have the financial capability needed to maintain and produce a totalitarian society. As well as that, it meant sure that the state controls everything and that communism...
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...began on September 1, 1939, our government, movies, music, publishing, and fashion contributed lots of support for the war. The Treaty of Versailles caused Germany to surrender many things which caused them be in a poor economic state. Since Germany was in a horrible state, Adolf Hitler rose to become a Führer to the people of Germany do to his spectacular public speeches. Hitler promised to make his country better and quickly began to arm Germany again and to seize land from other countries, thus breaking the Treaty of Versailles. He also had a hated for Jews and used them a scapegoat. Hitler was a huge fascist. “Fascism an authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization.” (Webster). It opposed the capitalist views of other nations like the United States. His goal was to take over all of Europe to turn in into a fascist nation. On September 3rd, 1939, the Prime Minister of Britain, Chamberlain, declared war on Germany when German forces stormed the Polish frontier. It involved many of the world's countries like Italy and Japan. These countries became aggressive because they felt that...
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...The Historiography of the Origins of the Cold War In the second half of 20th century, one conflict, the Cold War, stands unchallenged as the preeminent organizing principle for U.S. foreign policy. A central question in the historiography of the Cold War is simply, whose fault was it? During World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union were allies against the fascist Axis powers. In the waning years of that always uneasy alliance, greater signs of strain began to show, and soon a complete break would follow. Was this unavoidable? If not, who carries the greater blame for creating this division, which after all, repeatedly threatened nuclear holocaust and created the ideological justification for a series of horrendously destructive interventions into the so-called “Third World.” While there remains a great diversity of opinion regarding these questions, it has become commonplace in many academic discussions to refer to three broad “schools” of thought regarding the origins of the Cold War: “orthodox” explanations, “revisionism,” and “post-revisionism.” Of course, this categorization is not nearly as “neat and tidy” as one might be inclined to believe; it tends to mask the depth and diversity of the efforts of many historians. What follows will be a discussion of these three main perspectives, an evaluation of their arguments, and thoughts regarding the future of the field of Cold War historiography. For the first ten to twenty years after the end of World...
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...HISTORY 1120-102 | The Cold War | Professor Gray | | Davante Henderson | 4/30/2015 | | Davante Henderson Professor Gray HIST 1120-102 30 April 2015 The Cold War “We have to get tough with the Russians. They don’t know how to behave. They are like bulls in a china shop. They are only 25 years old. We are over 100 and the British are centuries older. We have got to teach them how to behave.”-Harry Truman, 33rd President of the United States. The Cold War was a period of East-West competition, tension, and conflict short of full-scale war, characterized by mutual perceptions of hostile intention between military-political alliances or blocs. The U.S. struggle to contain Soviet communism worldwide resulted in what came to be known as the "Cold War". Although full-scale war between the U.S. and Soviet Union did not occur, two major wars, (Korea and Vietnam), and many smaller conflicts occurred between 1946 and 1991 over the battle between democracy and communism. The Cold war was a product of many social and political reasons, a few but not limited to: The portioning of North Korea and Germany, the Marshal Plan, the Berlin Blockage and NATO. I’ll begin my explanation with the Yalta Conference, held in Yalta in February 1945 where Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill planned the final stages of World War II and agreed to the territorial division of Europe. “At Yalta, Roosevelt and Churchill discussed with Stalin the conditions under which the Soviet Union would enter the war...
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...Weiner 1 Jacob Weiner Daniel McClure California Culture October 1, 2014 California Sunshine and Noir California, the Golden State, where the sun is always shining, the waves are always crashing, and dreams are coming true. Right? Well, not exactly. It hasn’t always been sunshine and smiles for the great state of California. The state has gone through a variety of stages both economically, and politically. Throughout these phases, there have been a fair amount of themes that have helped build the foundation of California culture. Of course, there is the notion that anyone can move to California and strike it rich. This dream that is still very alive today has contributed in the past and present with massive booms in immigration into California. This popular conception is warm and welcoming, but it does not tell the entire story of California. When looking into the past and understanding how this state came to be, there is a dark and iniquitous aura that suggests that California isn’t really that enchanting, glamorous place that it is made out to be. The California Dream all started in 1848 when discovery of gold sparked a rapid movement known as the California Gold Rush. Word quickly spread when John Marshall first made his discovery in the American River. As Albert L. Hurtado explains in his paper, “Sex, Gender, Culture, and a Great Event: The California Gold Rush, ‘It is impossible to give more than rough estimates for the number of hopeful people who poured into California...
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