...“The Birth of a Little Boy: The Manhattan Project” “The Birth of a Little Boy: The Manhattan Project” In 1919 a New Zealand Nobel Peace Prize winning chemist working at Cambridge University in England would lay the foundation for one of the most prolific and destructive weapons the world has ever seen. Ernest Rutherford changed the way scientists looked at atomic structure when he successfully changed several atoms of nitrogen into oxygen. In this process he discovered the proton. Rutherford’s scientific discovery would get a boost in 1932 when his then colleague, James Chadwick, discovered the final piece to the atomic puzzle, the neutron. With the complete atomic structure established, the process of further breaking down elements began. One element of particular interest was uranium, the heaviest element on the periodic table. Uranium was broken down into three categories by their number of neutrons: uranium-234, uranium-235, and uranium-238.1 Six years later uranium-235 would become a focal point in nuclear research. The year 1938 would bring about the next phase of nuclear warfare, nuclear fission. Radiochemists, Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassman, were working in their lab in Berlin, bombarding different elements with neutrons. As they worked down the periodic table they stumbled on something interesting. Uranium reacted significantly more to neutron bombarding than the other elements they had tested. Additional testing led Hahn and Strassman to hypothesize...
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...Gaiman’s novel Anansi Boys, Fat Charlie and his brother Spider met, and they both learned more about themselves than they ever thought was possible; such as, their relationship with the gods and their connection with each other. This initial meeting caused the two boys to change who they are and what they believe. Fat Charlie aided the transformation of Spider into a more human-like being. Spider also aided the transformation of Fat Charlie: he became happier with himself and more confident. The theme of transformation relates to the characters, Fat Charlie, and Spider, as they impacted each other’s changes throughout the novel. Fat Charlie lived a miserable life with his father constantly embarrassing him, his work becoming unbearable,...
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...Lord of The Flies William Golding fiction novel. In the beginning of the book Piggy is the fat boy who is shy and can’t stand up for him self, he speaks through Ralph and he is the voice of civilization. Piggy’s intelligence usually leads to innovation. “We can use this to call the others. Have a meeting. They’ll come when they hear us” (16) He beamed at Ralph. When Piggy does this it shows that piggy is intelligent and knows what he is doing. This led to innovation and the symbol of civilization and government. In addition to Piggy’s intelligence he likes to make a lot of excuses to try and protect Ralph and himself. An example of this would be when they killed Simon. “It was an accident,” said Piggy suddenly, “that’s what it was. An accident”...
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...FOUR GIRLS AND TWO BOYS Chinua Ezenwa-Ohaeto 2009024361 ABSTRACT Looking at my little cousin, ideas flew into my head-why can’t I put down something about children on paper? How can I show what goes on in the mind of children? How do children see the grown one in the world? As I have imagined all these things, I discovered that I can show this view through a play (drama). This play tried in the way it can to show the world view of children between the ages of five and seven, how the adults have influenced them and what(how) they perceive their actions, characters and utterances. The language of the characters is as the languages of the children in Nigerian society. Their languages are always simple and to some extent lack syntactic and semantic organization. But to depict and maintain the interest of the reader, some touches are made in some aspects of their utterances’. We should understand that in the world we live today- children also have a room in it; therefore we should in all ramifications make them understand the essence of life through our behavior, actions and utterances. We might ignore them but they are always sensitive about their environment-we (adults) are part of their environment. Characters GIRLS Chioma Chizzy Ngozi Angela- Ugonna’s sister BOYS Ugonna- Angela’s brother Chukwuma MOVEMENT ONE (Two little girls are in front of...
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...European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2002) 56, 644–649 ß 2002 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0954–3007/02 $25.00 www.nature.com/ejcn ORIGINAL COMMUNICATION The Adolescent Food Habits Checklist: reliability and validity of a measure of healthy eating behaviour in adolescents F Johnson1, J Wardle1* and J Griffith1 1 ICRF Health Behaviour Unit, University College London, UK Objective: Amid concerns about the quality of young people’s diets, this paper describes the development of a measure of healthy eating behaviour for use with adolescents. Design: Items for the measure were selected from a larger pool on the basis of responses from a pilot study. The 23-item checklist was validated using measures of dietary fat and fibre intake, fruit and vegetable consumption, dietary restraint, nutrition knowledge and a measure of family income. Setting: Participants came from seven secondary schools in the north-west of England. Subjects: A total of 1822 adolescents aged between 13 and 16 y took part in the study, representing 84% of those invited to participate. Results: Correlations between measures indicate a good level of convergent validity, and the checklist is also shown to have high internal and test – retest reliability. Conclusions: The focus on choices available to adolescents means that the checklist will provide a useful addition to food frequency-type approaches to the measurement of adolescent eating behaviour. Sponsorship: This research was funded by...
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...A test was conducted, with a plutonium bomb (Fat Man) being detonated on July 16, 1945 in New Mexico. This test is known as the Trinity Test and is the first ever detonation of an atomic bomb. The Fat Man bomb was an implosion-type bomb (see photo on left); a bomb in which the plutonium is surrounded by high explosives that force the mass inwards, or compress it until it becomes critical mass and starts a chain reaction. Critical mass is the smallest amount of fissile material needed for a sustained nuclear chain reaction. The Fat Man bomb was the same model that was dropped on the city of Nagasaki, while Hiroshima was hit by the Little Boy. The Little Boy, made with uranium 235, was a gun-type bomb. This type of bomb has a mass of uranium 235 that is fired at by high explosives another mass of uranium 235 (see photo on right), creating a supercritical mass (critical mass that has an increasing rate of fission) and prompting a chain reaction. Both types of bombs generate mass explosions, and Little Boy and Fat Man killed many people when dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and...
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...Adolescence is a stage of dramatic growth differences in boys and girls with their outward physical appearance affecting them emotionally and socially. Boys grow big and strong with the wider shoulders, increased muscle mass, longer arms, longer legs, and longer torsos. Girls grow curvy with breast development, wider pelvis regions, and an extra layer of body fat covering the abdomen, hips and bottom. With the physical changes comes the hormones which stimulate the growth of sex organs to their functional level. Boy’s primary hormone would be testosterone which is a risk taking and aggression chemical. The girls attain a plethora of hormones needed for the reproduction including estrogen, progesterone and oxytocin. Estrogen and progesterone are known to come in waves on a monthly base and is known for its effects on emotions and sensitivity. “Oxytocin is a natural secreted chemical of bonding and while boys will reach out it is the girls that want and need closeness.”(Abrams, 2002, p. 488) With this outward growth also come the psychological and societal changes. “Research consistently finds that boys gain confidence and self-esteem during adolescence, whereas girls experience a dramatic decline in these arenas.”(Abrams, 2002, p. 487) While this is the age of finding one’s self there is a strong desire to be accepted by one’s peers. As boys mature they tend to look older with their facial and body hair, more athletic with increased muscle stature, and dominate with...
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...vowed to fight to the very end. Their resolve was evident in the Battle of Okinawa: By the time it ended in June, Allied forces lost more than 14,000 soldiers and Japan's military suffered more than 77,000 deaths — plus the loss of an estimated 100,000 Japanese civilians. Against this backdrop, Allied forces drew up plans for Operation Downfall, a large-scale invasion of Japan. But with Allied casualties from an invasion estimated to reach 1 million deaths — plus another 10 million Japanese casualties, including civilians — Allied planners searched for another way to end the war, which they found in the Manhattan Project. Advertisement This is a mockup of "Little Boy," the atomic bomb that was dropped over Hiroshima, Japan, on Aug. 6, 1945. This is a mockup of "Little Boy," the atomic bomb that was dropped over Hiroshima, Japan, on Aug. 6, 1945. Credit: U.S. National Archives The Manhattan Project Concerned over reports that Nazi Germany was developing a new type of weapon using radioactive uranium, in 1939 U.S. government officials began to investigate the potential of uranium — particularly the uranium-235 isotope — for making a powerful bomb. Within a matter of months, a coalition of American, British and European scientists — many of whom were refugees from Germany, Italy and other fascist nations — began collaborating on a vast international project to develop a uranium-based bomb before any Axis powers beat them to it. Because...
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...dies. This paper is a study on the development of human mind and the physical growth. A human mind identifies as the cognitive faculties that help people in perception, thinking and effective judgment. Additionally, the human mind is also attributed to the consciousness and memory ability. However, it is true that both the physical and mind development differs between boys and girls where their developments depend more on the gender that one holds. During the development stages, children's bodies tend to develop making them look less like an adult. In the womb, male babies are born with as much as testosterone as a 25-year-old man (Black, 2003). Alter after birth. The testosterone plummets until the boy reaches the age of puberty. The testosterone is responsible for shaping the males developing brain, which helps in improving the spatial reasoning ability. On the other hand, girls also make some testosterone before they are born; the degree is, however, low as compared to boys. Girls produce the female hormone named estrogen which seems to have a little of absolute no effect on their brain development. After boys and girls are born, their brains...
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...official, had no agriculture, spoke a dialect similar 3. Native Americans as the original environmentalists • Miller/ Kanazawa claim Native Americans used & abused the environment just like other groups • Evidence may show that species of plants and animals many have also gone extinct while NA lived here, but they don’t account for religious beliefs • Native Americans & Native Hawaiian often consider the oath to be related to spirituality & religious practices i. Mother Earth ii. Sacred places iii. Cosmology iv. 20th century: Indian reservation land cleared for large scale agriculture. 1. Adolescence: • Body weight by % of fat • Girls : 21.8 -24% • Boys ; 14-16.1% • Even among equally fit/ athletic children: girls have more fat • Strength at age 17: girls can squeeze 59 lbs. Boys can squeeze 98 lbs • Ability differences: i. Boys have better spatial...
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...Consumers are sent wildly mixed messages when it comes to what to eat and how much. Processed packaged food and drive-thru meals are branded as almost classically American-fast, cheap, filling, and delicious. Most food companies were just swapping hydrogenated oils and sugar in for the animal fats they removed from low-fat products. Hydrogenated oils are restricted vegetable oils that carry high levels of trans-fats, a type of fat that can raise your bad cholesterol, lower your good cholesterol, and increase your risks of developing heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. Added sugar can also wreak major damage on a diet. While low in calories, high-quantities of sugar disrupts our metabolisms, causing surges in insulin and energy levels and ultimately contributing to weight gain and...
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...This is particularly true for breastfed babies. These foods can provide additional zinc and iron that may not be in the breast milk. When solid foods are being added to the diet, it is important for parents to know that some fat is ok and they should restrict the solid foods to only low-fat foods. Parents should keep in mind that “toddlers and preschoolers grow in spurts and their appetites come and go in spurts.” It is normal that they may eat more one day than the other as long as they are given healthy foods. Calcium is important for toddlers and preschoolers to help them grow strong and healthy teeth and bones. Milk is the best source of calcium but there are options for those children that are allergic to milk or are lactose-intolerant. These options include calcium-fortified orange juices, cereals, oatmeal or even calcium supplements. It is also important that children eat foods that provide fiber. Fiber helps in digestion and prevents constipation in addition to helping prevent heart disease. Fruits, vegetables, whole grains and beans are examples of foods that provide needed fiber. Protein is something else that children need to have in their diet. This can be found in meats, rice, beans, eggs, milk and peanut butter for example. Sugar, fat and sodium are things that should be watched and limited. Too much of these can...
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...Then the savages begin hunting for Ralph. They form a huge line and he hides in a thicket until it was time to run. Then he gets scared and runs until he almost dies. Does he survive? Or does he get killed? Read the book to find out. In my opinion the theme of the story was that a group of boys are stranded on an island. My other opinion is that if you ever are stranded on an island don’t go insane and kill each other, or death ensues. I think Jack and Ralph learn that civilization is hard to keep together and that staying together is always important. I also think that the theme of this story is that even coming from a very civilized place savagery can overrule common sense easily. Finally I think that one thing Ralph may have been affected by this experience is that he’ll probably never trust anyone again. One thing that I really liked about the book was that it was very descriptive language about what was happening. One thing I didn’t like however was the fact that Piggy died because I think he deserved to make it back to civilization alive. However, It was a very good thing that some of them made it back alive. I also liked the way the author described the way the boys in this story went insane. Lastly I disliked the way Ralph was randomly hit with a spear when running...
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...During WWII, the United States was genuinely powerful and had a numerous of resources, but Japan had some limited facts that stopped them from continuing the war with the United States such as a lack of oil, raw materials, steels, weapons, aircrafts, etc. After the “Little Boy” hit Hiroshima, the Soviet Union also invaded Manchuria precipitating the Japanese leaders to be afraid that Japan will be destroyed soon if they refuse to surrender. In the “Document K: Critics of Truman’s Decision to Use Atomic Weapons” it included an excerpt from a memoir known as “I Was There” by Admiral William D. Leahy. Admiral William D. Leahy was the Chief of Staff of president Truman. In his memoir he challenged Truman’s decision of using atomic weapons. Admiral stated, “It is my opinion that the use of this barbarous weapon at Hiroshima and Nagasaki was no material assistance in our war against Japan. The Japanese were already defeated and ready to surrender because of the effective sea blockade and the successful bombing with conventional...
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...mental institution. The boys were isolated because they have no interaction with the outside world. They did not have any adults to tell them what to do. The island they were on was away from local city or towns. The boys had to find a way to survive even without any way of knowing how to do something. The novel “Lord of the Flies” by William Golding is about a group of boys on an airplane that crashes on an island. The reason the boys left England is because there was fighting going on during World War II. The novel starts off with Ralph looking around and wondering where all the adults are. He finds out all the adults are dead; however, all the children are still alive. Ralph meets a fat boy named Piggy. The two boys are wounding around the lagoon and they found a conch shell. The two boys meet the other young boys. All of the boys have a meeting about how to get off of this island. Jack has another idea he wants to hunt for food. The elect Ralph as the chief of the...
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