...the many firsts that occurred along the way. Starting with the first theoretical plans for a motor vehicle that had been drawn up by both Leonardo Da Vinci and Isaac Newton. In 1769, the very first self-propelled road vehicle was a military tractor invented by French engineer and mechanic, Nicolas Joseph Cugnot (1725 - 1804). Cugnot used a steam engine to power his vehicle, built under his instructions at the Paris Arsenal by mechanic Brezin. It was used by the French Army to haul artillery at a whopping speed of 2 1/2 mph on only three wheels. The vehicle had to stop every ten to fifteen minutes to build up steam power. The steam engine and boiler were separate from the rest of the vehicle and placed in the front (see engraving above). The following year (1770), Cugnot built a steam-powered tricycle that carried four passengers. In 1771, Cugnot drove one of his road vehicles into a stone wall, making Cugnot the first person to get into a motor vehicle accident. This was the beginning of bad luck for the inventor. After one of Cugnot's patrons died and the other was exiled, the money for Cugnot's road vehicle experiments ended. Steam engines powered cars by burning fuel that heated water in a boiler, creating steam that expanded and pushed pistons that turned the crankshaft, which then turned the wheels. During the early history of self-propelled vehicles - both road and railroad vehicles were being developed with steam engines. (Cugnot also designed two steam locomotives...
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...MOTHERFUCKING STEAM ENGINES BITCH TOP INTRO Brief History of the Steam Engine One of the most significant industrial challenges of the 1700's was the removal of water from mines. Steam power was used to pump the water from the mines. Now, this might seem to have very little to do with modern steam-powered electrical power plants. However, one of the fundamental principles used in the development of steam-based power is the principle that condensation of water vapour can create a vacuum. This brief history discusses how condensation was used to create vacuum for operation of early steam-based pumps, and how James Watt invented the separate condenser. Although the cyclic processes presented in this history are not used in today's continuous flow steam turbines, current systems use separate condensers operating at sub-atmospheric pressure, adapting the principles explained here. Also, the stories of the inventors and their inventions offer insight into the process of technological discovery. One of the most important principles applied in the operation of steam power is the creation of vacuum by condensation. Savery Pump In the early days, one common way of removing the water was to use a series of buckets on a pulley system operated by horses. This was slow and expensive since the animals required feeding, veterinary care, and housing. The use of steam to pump water was patented by Thomas Savery in 1698, and in his words provided an "engine to raise water by fire". Savery's...
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...the Steam Engine The world we live in today is is fast paced, competitive, and ever evolving. Being accustomed to such a rapidly changing and highly inventive society can make it very difficult to imagine the way people lived centuries ago. Before the Industrial Revolution, most everything was done by hand, required a great deal of time and effort, and was terribly expensive. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, intuitive thinkers would invent and perfect machines, tools, and devices, forever changing the ways of the world. In the following paragraphs, James Watt and his steam engine will be discussed in detail, along with their enormous influence in modernizing the world's industries, trade, transportation, and economy. James Watt was born in Scotland in 1736, and died in 1819. His life spanned many of the years in the most dynamic period in the history of the world. Watt also lived in the United Kingdom, which, at the time, was the most rapidly evolving country on earth. Contrary to popular belief, James Watt did not invent the steam engine. In The Scientific Monthly, authors accurately portray Watt as, "a scientist rather than inventor" (Ambrosius and Reed 272). People had been using steam for power several centuries before Watt's time, but "English military engineer and inventor, Thomas Savery, [was] the first to create a specific device to harness and channel the power of steam" (Ambrosius and Reed 272). It was Savery who patented the first crude...
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...Steam engines are external combustion engines,[1] where the working fluid is separate from the combustion products. Non-combustion heat sources such as solar power, nuclear power or geothermal energy may be used. The ideal thermodynamic cycle used to analyze this process is called the Rankine cycle. In the cycle, water is heated and transforms into steam within a boiler operating at a high pressure. When expanded through pistons or turbines, mechanical work is done. The reduced-pressure steam is then condensed and pumped back into the boiler. In general usage, the term steam engine can refer to either the integrated steam plants (including boilers etc.) such as railway steam locomotives and portable engines, or may refer to the piston or turbine machinery alone, as in the beam engine and stationary steam engine. Specialized devices such as steam hammers and steam pile drivers are dependent on the steam pressure supplied from a separate boiler. Using boiling water to produce mechanical motion goes back over 2000 years, but early devices were not practical. The Spanish inventor Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont obtained the first patent for a steam engine in 1606.[2] In 1698 Thomas Savery patented a steam pump that used steam in direct contact with the water being pumped. Savery's steam pump used condensing steam to create a vacuum and draw water into a chamber, and then applied pressurized steam to further pump the water. Thomas Newcomen's atmospheric engine was the first commercial...
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...- Hydraulic power pioneer, founder of Armstrong Whitworth ------------------------------------------------- [edit]B * Charles Babbage (1791–1871) - Creator of the Difference Engine * George Herman Babcock (1832–1893) - Co-invented an improved safety water tube steam boiler, co-founder of Babcock & Wilcox * Joseph Cyril Bamford - Founder of the JCB company, manufacturing heavy plant, and especially backhoes * Eugenio Barsanti (1821–1864) - Early developer of internal combustion engine * Henry Bessemer (1813–1898) - Best known as the creator of the Bessemer Process * Karl Benz (1844–1929) - Generally regarded as the inventor of the gasoline-powered automobile, founder of Mercedes-Benz * Keith Black - American high performance automobile engineer * John Blenkinsop (1783–1831) - Steam locomotive pioneer, developed rack and pinion railway system * Thomas Bouch (1822–1880) - Railway engineer, helped develop the roll-on/roll-off train ferry * Matthew Boulton (1728–1809) - Steam engineer, associate of James Watt * Joseph Bramah (1748–1814) - Hydraulic power pioneer and inventor of the hydraulic press * Isambard Kingdom Brunel (1805–1859) - Design contributions include the Great Western Railway and the SS Great Eastern * William Brunton (1777–1851) - Early steam power pioneer, inventor of the Brunton's Mechanical Traveller * Oliver Bulleid -...
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...Name Course Tutor Date Steam engine design Steam engines powered a good number trains as of the early 1800s to the 1950s. Although the engines differed in size and complexity, their basic operation remained basic as illustrated in this paper. The engine is a double-acting steam engine since the valve lets high-pressure steam to function alternately on the two surfaces of the piston. The control rod for the valve is typically hooked into a connection attached to the cross-head; therefore, the movement of the cross-head slips the valve as well. On a steam engine, this connection in addition lets the engineer to set the train into reverse. The exhaust steam just escapes out into the air. On a steam locomotive, the cross-head typically connects to a drive rod, and from there to pairing rods that force the steam engine's wheels (Brain howstuffworks.com). In a steam train, the boiler which is fueled by wood, oil, or coal, constantly boils water in an enclosed compartment, creating high-pressure vapor. The cross-head is linked to a drive rod that attaches to one of drive wheels of the locomotive. The three wheels are linked using coupling rods thus they turn in harmony First stroke and exhaust Steam commencing from the boiler goes into the steam chestand is admitted to the front ending of the cylinder by way of a valve slide. The high pressure steam presses the piston to the back, forcing the locomotive wheels around single half turn.At the end of the piston stroke, the valve...
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...In this essay I will discuss, how the development of steam engine affect the locomotive, did it have a big impact? What the advantages and disadvantages are of a steam engine in locomotive. What impact did the steam engine have on the Economical world? The impact of steam engines on the economical world In 1698 Thomas Savory invented the first steam engine. Back then this was an important thing; this is because it was the first engine that was very affective in the world. (2) Getting back to the title of this paragraph, it had definitely an impact on the economical because things like ore get transported 2x as fast. (1) Also people could travel way faster now with the steam engine in locomotive. A lot of people that were low educated had struggles with getting a job; through the...
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...Liliana Nuñez HIS101/MWF/11:00 a.m Prof. Mahdavi-izadi 24 November 2014 Term Paper: Steam Engine from the Industrial Revolution The industrial revolution was an era where many things changed especially in manufacturing. Thanks to the invention of the steam engine people realized that all the work and tasks they used to perform manually was now able to be accomplished in a much more efficient manner because of machines. Brilliant inventors during the industrial revolution became very well known for making these machines work. Even though James Watt was not the inventor of the steam engine, since steam has been around for a long time, he was known as making the steam engine work.[1] Throughout the essay I will be examining the history and different aspects of the steam engine such as how the steam engine works, what it is, and why it is important, as well as the man who played a huge role into making it work. James Watt was an engineer who transformed the practical use of steam into power. He was born in born in 1736 in Greenock, Scotland.[2] He went to grammar school just like many other young men at the time. He was very smart and was specifically good in the subject of mathematics. In his mid-teenage years his goal was to be an instrument maker, and his father was a carpenter so he was taught at an early age how to build things. Watt ended up moving away from Greenock to pursue an education on how to make instruments. At the University of Glasgow he came in...
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... 1.1 What is an unintended consequence? (Karl-Erik Sveiby Pernilla Gripenberg, 2009) 4 1.2 Kinds of unintended consequences (Andrews, 2005) 5 2 Nuclear Energy 7 2.1 Concept Map 7 2.1.1 Nuclear Fission Reaction 7 2.1.2 Nuclear Energy development history 7 2.2 Problem 8 2.3 Holistic Thinking Perspective 8 2.4 Technology Innovation 10 2.5 Managing Innovation & Moving to Market 11 2.6 Complexity Management 12 2.7 Quantitative 12 3 Internal Combustion Engine - Automobile industry till early 20th Century 14 3.1 Concept Map 14 3.1.1 History of Internal Combustible Engine 14 3.2 Problem 15 3.3 Holistic Thinking Perspective 15 3.4 Technology Innovation & Moving to Market 17 3.5 Managing Innovation 18 3.6 Complexity Management 18 3.7 Quantitative 18 4 Punch Cards 19 4.1 Concept Map 19 4.2 Problem 20 4.3 Holistic Thinking Perspective 20 4.4 Technology Innovation & Moving to Market 21 4.5 Managing Innovation 21 5 Steam Engine (Locomotive) 22 5.1...
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...drive-through, vacations, commuting, and of course, suburbia. The word automobile was coined by 14th century Italian painter & engineer named Martini. Martini never built an automobile but he did draw plans for a man-powered carriage with four wheels. Martini thought up the name automobile from the Greek word, "auto," (meaning self) and the Latin word, "mobils" (meaning moving). The automobile as we know it was not invented in a single day by a single inventor. The history of the automobile reflects an evolution that took place worldwide. It is estimated that over 100,000 patents created the modern automobile. However, we can point to the many firsts that occurred along the way. An automobile, motor car or car is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transporting passengers, which also carries its own engine or motor. Most definitions of the term specify that automobiles are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed...
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...of Against Intellectual Monopoly by Boldrin and Levine is copyright laws being used for “the creation of unnecessary monopoly.” By patenting an idea pertaining to steam powering and engine, James Watt was insured that no other could use his/her idea, at least not without paying royalties through licensing or suffering the consequences of the legal system. This would prove to be beneficial to Watt but detrimental for the early innovation of the steam engine. (Boldrin and Levine 1) According to Boldrin and Levine, “the fuel efficiency of steam engines changed little during the period of Watt’s patent; while between 1810 and 1835 it is estimated to have increased by a factor of five.” Watt blocked the innovation of the steam engine by putting a patent on the idea. Other inventors and modifiers of the steam engine were holding their advancements of the steam engine until after the patent as to not suffer legal issues. The transportation and working industry could have been better off earlier if it weren’t for Watt’s patent. Because of the patent, Watt’s had no competition. Competition could have brought more ideas to Watt and other inventors. Even when Watts’ patent expired, the competition made cheaper steam engines which were no match for Watts’ more experienced and excellent productions. By being the first to patent his idea, Watt used the legal system to his advantage. By keeping other innovators at bay, the legal system made Watt a monopoly and in turn hindered the...
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...impact on society. The automobile has taken diverse segments of the American population; farmers, small town residents and urban dwellers and given them access to the same opportunities and experiences. Automobiles have given us motels, shopping malls, drive-through, vacations, commuting, and of course, suburbia. Early Steam Powered Cars In 1769, the very first self-propelled road vehicle was a military tractor invented by French engineer and mechanic, Nicolas Joseph Cugnot (1725 - 1804). Cugnot used a steam engine to power his vehicle, built under his instructions at the Paris Arsenal by mechanic Brezin. It was used by the French Army to haul artillery at a whopping speed of 2 1/2 mph on only three wheels. The vehicle had to stop every ten to fifteen minutes to build up steam power. The steam engine and boiler were separate from the rest of the vehicle and placed in the front (see engraving above). The following year (1770), Cugnot built a steam-powered tricycle that carried four passengers. Nicolas Cugnot was the inventor of the first automobile. After Cugnot Several Other Inventors Designed Steam-Powered Road Vehicles ·...
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...wheeled motor vehicle used for transporting passengers, which also carries its own engine or motor. Most definitions of the term specify that automobiles are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally for the transport of people rather than goods.[3] The year 1886 is regarded the year of birth of the modern automobile - with the Benz Patent-Motorwagen, by German inventor Carl Benz. Motorized wagons soon replaced animal-drafted carriages, especially after automobiles became affordable for many people when the Ford Model T was introduced in 1908. The term motorcar has formerly also been used in the context of electrified rail systems to denote a car which functions as a small locomotive but also provides space for passengers and baggage. These locomotive cars were often used on suburban routes by both interurban and intercity railroad systems.[4] It was estimated in 2010 that the number of automobiles had risen to over 1 billion vehicles, up from the 500 million of 1986.[5] The numbers are increasing rapidly, especially in China, India and other NICs. ------------------------------------------------- Etymology The word automobile comes, via the French automobile from the Ancient Greek word αὐτός (autós, "self") and the Latin mobilis("movable"); meaning a vehicle that moves itself. The loanword was first adopted in English by The New York Times in 1899.[7] The alternative name car is...
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...Wagonways and tramways Earliest traces The earliest evidence of a wagonway, a predecessor of the railway, found so far was the 6 to 8.5 km long Diolkos wagonway, which transported boats across the Isthmus of Corinth in Greece since around 600 BC.[1][2][3][4][5] Wheeled vehicles pulled by men and animals ran in grooves inlimestone, which provided the track element, preventing the wagons from leaving the intended route. The Diolkos was in use for over 650 years, until at least the 1st century AD.[5] The first horse-drawn wagonways also appeared in ancient Greece, with others to be found on Malta and various parts of the Roman Empire, using cut-stone tracks. Railways began reappearing in Europe after the Dark Ages. The earliest known record of a railway in Europe from this period is a stained-glass window in the Minster of Freiburg im Breisgau dating from around 1350.[6] In 1515, Cardinal Matthäus Lang wrote a description of the Reisszug, a funicular railway at the Hohensalzburg Castle in Austria. The line originally used wooden rails and a hemp haulage rope, and was operated by human or animal power, through a treadwheel. The line still exists, albeit in updated form, and is probably the oldest railway still to operate.[7][8] Early wagonways Minecart shown in De Re Metallica (1556). The guide pin fits in a groove between two wooden planks. Wagonways (or 'tramways') are thought to have developed in Germany in the 1550s to facilitate the transport of ore tubs to and...
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...industrial revolution was the period between the mid 1700s to the mid 1800s that was full of technological advancements. The steam engine was refined and put into commercial use during this time period, thus revolutionizing the power industry. Machines were created that increased agricultural production immensely. And the foundations for the communication methods of today were set. The grounds for most of the technology we know of today was created in this time period. The reason that steam power was pushed into society then was because of the textile industry. The sheep provided the wool, but it had to be transported to water powered mills built near streams and rivers; this caused an issue with textile cost because transportation was so expensive1. “In 1698, British inventor Thomas Savery patented a steam-powered pump, which he described as an ‘engine to raise water by fire.’1 “ The perfecting of the steam engine is what many believe marks the beginning of the industrial revolution. Steam meant that factories could be built anywhere and were not bound to rivers for water power, or open fields for wind operation. Transportation was a very large industry that was taken over my steam power. Steam engines were compact enough to move out of factory work by the early 1800’s1. The first steam powered locomotive was on rails in Britain in 1804, this was the first time things were transported over land purely by non-human or animal means1. “The United States was the pioneer in shipping...
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