...Cultural Anthropology March 8, 2015 Turnbull’s The Forest People Turnbull’s The Forest People, is a book written about the Pygmy’s culture and how people living in this tribe survived. Colin Turnbull decided to evoke on a journey where he analyzes this interesting lives of the Pygmies. Throughout the story we find several key components that give us more of an understanding about each valuable thing that the Pygmies do everyday. This can be found from the way they eat with portions to the way they raise their children with tender and love. Even though each component is extremely different then what we do in today’s society, there are definitely some valuable lessons that can be learned through reading and understanding the Pygmies culture. The Pygmies have one rule to follow when thinking about gathering food, “No one goes to bed hungry”. This quote is interpreted exactly the way it is written. When the men and women typically go out to hunt, which is normally one time every week or two weeks, they always keep the amount they are feeding in mind. Unlike Americans, who normally go out and prepare food for just their family or household, the Pygmy’s make sure that every single individual in their tribe is fed. It is very rare to hear about women helping the men hunt but it is a refreshing thing to hear that they take part in this responsibility. The job of the women is not actually to kill the game but they simply put the net around it. This...
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...developed by Anthropologists in the early 20th century. When Anthropologists noticed that in order to fully understand the question, “Why” in culture. Why do a certain people do this, why is that important, or why do they all do it, are just some of the questions anthropologists use participant observation. The key to participant observation is fieldwork, where the anthropologist actively lives with the people of the culture they are studying for about a year or more. Where the anthropologist goes through culture shock by leaving all their possessions at home and starting a new. This technique of studying gets the anthropologist to become one with the culture, where they participate in ceremony’s and traditions with the people as a member. So much so that they go through culture shock once they return home, because they have opened their minds to a whole new way of thinking and living. Colin M. Turnbull is an anthropologist who went to live in the Ituri Forest with a group of people called the Pygmies. The Pygmies is a culture that many people before Turnbull mistaken as uneducated and weren’t living life to the fullest because of this. Turnbull had two voyages to the Forest where in his first voyage he saw the Nkumbi ritual and was inducted as a member of the Pygmies. Two years later he went back to the forest leaving everything behind, unlike his first voyage where he believed he could learn everything from just observing. Turnbull lived for three years with the Pygmies; he...
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...HISTORICAL INJUSTICE TOWARD TRIBALS: A REFLECTION ON FOREST POLICES OF INDIA Introduction The Forest policy plays a vital role in the life and economy of rural poor. It is also played a crucial role in sustaining the life supporting systems of country’s environment. The livelihood activities of tribal’s center on the forest in which they live. They have maintained a time immemorial relation with forest and always interact for their sustenance and try to recreate the forest with their traditional conservation systems. But as soon as the tribals relation with forest got transformed due to progressive assertion of state monopoly rights over large areas of forest. It has resulted in large scale eviction and uprooting of traditional tribal villages. The relationship that existed between tribal social organization and the forest was completely upset as a result of these policies. In the ongoing process of liberalization, privatization and globalization, new markets challenges has been forced the state to divert the forest land for large corporations. This marked the beginning of a new forest governance system that was alien, induced and most particularly that excluded forest –dependent communities in the name of scientific forestry, public interest, national development, conservation and industrial growth. Due to this in humane policies have eroded their life styles and simultaneously the assertion of state primacy over natural resources deprived them of an...
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...Considering the current trend of forest management practice, develop an appropriate strategy to manage the forest resource of Bangladesh in a sustainable way. Acknowledgement In performing my assignment, it's a successful one I had to take the help and guideline of some respected persons. First of all I am grateful to Allah who gives me sound mind & sound health to accomplish my assignment. The completion of the report gives me much Pleasure. I would like to thank my gratitude Mr. Md. Jakariya (Jky), Course Instructor of Introduction to Environmental Science, Sec 4, North South University, Bangladesh for giving me a good guideline for assignment. I would like to thank School of Business Studies, North South University for updated education system in Bangladesh. Lastly I would like to deliver my whole hearted thanks to the persons of Forest Department of Bangladesh for their cordial cooperation. Actually it was not possible for me to complete a severe task without such help. So I pray the long life and good health for all the persons who have helped and co-operated me in my assignment research. Sabrina Alvi 20 December, 2013 Table of content Title | Page | Introduction | | Forest of Bangladesh Table 1:Forest area in Bangladesh ...
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...Report On Community Forest “Godavari Kunda” Submitted By: Submitted To: Acknowledgement: "We would like to thank Mr. Ram Puri for guiding and providing us all the required information of Godavari Kunda Forest. The valuable time and advice he has given us in the writing of this report. We would also like to thank our teacher Mr. Indresh Sharma for his encouragement and guidance. We offer our sincere appreciation for the learning opportunities provided by our Teacher. Our completion of this project could not have been accomplished without the support of our group members, Rajan, Kamala, Kopila, Mamata, Sumitra, Sabina, Shrijana and Ananta. Methodology:- * Mr.Ganesh Bd. Silwal (President Of Committee) * Mr.Ram Puri * Google (Link:- http://www.trekking-world.com/regional/nepal/kathmanduvalley/godawari) Content Page:- Section Page No. * Methodology…………………………………………3 * Introduction…………………………………………….5 * Background……………………………………………..6 * Objective………………………………………………...7 * Findings/Result……………………………………………8 * Conclusion and Recommendation………………………..8-11 * Annexes……………………………………………………11 Introduction:- Nepal was the country once renowned for the richness in forest resources. But with the flow of time and change in situation, population started growing in an alarming rate...
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...1.0 INTRODUCTION Forestry education in Nigeria has added much impact in the country, most especially to the rural people and natural environment. The growing prominence of conserving biodiversity, arresting desertification, conserving soils, sequestering carbon, improving water quality and quantity and providing bio-energy raises the premium on forest resources (Temu et al 2008). It is expected that for any sustainable development to be achieved by any nation, the educational sector (most especially the Higher Education) must play a significant and critical role. This sector is expected to build up people’s knowledge. In Nigeria, on how to maintain and utilize the forest and its resources at the university level, more than twenty offers...
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...things that he has done has affected multiple things and multiple people in a positive manner. He is one of the most impactful people around helping the people of Village, Forest and his friends all throughout his time that he spent with them. The way that Matty impacts people through his actions is amazing. Matty and forest throughout the book stayed loyal to Village even though he did not agree with what they did and through doing this was able to impact it for the better. Before Village became corrupted by greed and hate Matty still helped village greatly. The way that he did this was through travelling through forest to deliver important messages to other towns and letters that Leader needed him to deliver. If Matty...
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...is deforestation? Deforestation is the removal or damage of vegetation in a forest to the extent that it no longer supports its natural flora and fauna. In other words, deforestation can be defined as the transformation of forest land to non-forest uses where forest land includes lands under agro-forestry and shifting cultivation, and not simply closed canopy primary forests (FAO/UNEP, 1982). However, this definition does not include “logging”. More inclusive was Myers’s 1980 definition, where deforestation refers, “generally to the complete destruction of forest cover through clearing for agriculture … [so] … that not a tree remains, and the land is given over to non-forest purposes … [and where] very heavy and unduly negligent logging … [result in a] … decline of biomass and depletion of ecosystem services … . So severe that the residual forest can no longer qualify as forest in any practical sense of the world.” Alan Graigner (1980, AS quoted in Saxena and Nautiyal, 1997) asserts that selective logging does not “lead to forest clearance and does not constitute deforestation”, whereas Norman Myers (1980, 1993) thinks that logging is crucial because, although it may only affect a small proportion of trees per hectare, it damages wide areas and is the precursor of penetration by the forest farmers. For the purpose of this study, the FAO’s latest definitions (1993) will be used. The FAO defines forests as “ecosystems with a minimum of 10% crown cover of trees and/or bamboo, generally...
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...doing today to save our forests? Are you part of those persons that believe that the best way to stop deforestation is to stop using forest products? Well, the reality is different people use forest products every day even without thinking they are. The average American uses nearly six trees worth of paper each year. Thankfully, there are organizations that help protect our forest for the future generations. One of the most recognized not for -profit organization is Forest Stewardship Council. II. Introduction to the Triple Bottom Line The Forest Stewardship Council, also known by its acronym FSC, is an international not for-profit, multi-stakeholder organization established in 1993 that promote responsible management of the world’s forests. Its main purpose is to set standards, certification and labeling for responsible forest management. FSC counts with a voluntary program, to protect forests for future generations. The Forest Stewardship Council’s mission is to promote environmentally sound, socially beneficial and economically prosperous management of the world's forests and their vision states, that we can meet our current needs for forest products without compromising the health of the world’s forests for future generations (Forest Stewardship Council). As you already may know, corporate social responsibility is the continuing commitment by business to contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of...
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...the forest reserve? About 2.4% of Zimbabwe's land area is forested and managed by the Zimbabwean Forestry Commission (FC) on behalf of the state. Colonial and post-colonial state implemented practices to dispossess and alienate forest residents from protected forests to make way for commercial timber harvesting and wildlife hunting. Besides being a deliberate strategy to force local people to become part of the reserve labour pool to generate capital for developing settlers, Forestry conservation has greatly disadvantaged the communities that live within and around reserved forests in Zimbabwe such as the residents of Gwayi/mbembesi Forests. The forest has a long history of settlement by largely Ndebele speaking people, stretching way back before state dispossession during colonialization. It is important to note that the scaling back of the state is associated with neoliberalization that resulted in cutting back of state funding to conservation leading to the FC (as a state cooperation) to raise this funding gap from protection of the state forests. Marketing of forests for funding conservation has gained impetus, where state controlled territories are offered to investors through rents and concessions in the form of safari hunting and timber concessions allowing them to make private capital. There are many ways in which the residents of Gwayi are disadvantaged and it starts from the focus of revenue generation from the use of wildlife leading to the forced move of forest residents...
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...pressures are both caused by people's actions. People do many things to cause these pressures including burning fossil fuels and knocking down trees. They can cause many negative things to happen, including animal extinction and lost habitats. The mammal and insect populations are becoming endangered in the rainforest because of deforestation and climate change. Of course there are many types of rainforests, including the tropical forest. “The Earth’s land has a diverse selection of forests, based on which vegetations and animals” (Svarney, and Svarney 79) each region has. All the different types of rainforests have there own climates, habitats and organisms, so each rainforest has there own way that the...
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...finish reading this article 324 football fields or 428 acres worth of forests will be lost to deforestation. Yearly this is a rate of thirty five million acres of forest loss. This is equivalent to a space the size of Nicaragua.*** Deforestation is the long term or permanent loss of forest cover and its transformation into another land use. Deforestation happens when forests are cut down faster than they are renewed.*** Deforestation has been occurring since the beginning of human development. The rate of deforestation has increased over time with the development of new technology. Technology allows for people to clear forests faster and do more harm....
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...Livelihood Development of Forest-dependent Communities in and around Chunati Wildlife Sanctuary (LDFC-CWS) Background and Rationale The Chunati Wildlife Sanctuary (CWS) is a 7764 ha Protected Area (PA), covering Chunati and Jaldi Ranges of Chittagong South Forest Division. Till recent past, the problem of forest degradation and deforestation was particularly high in the area. According to Forest Department (FD) estimates, approximately 50,000 people live in and around the wildlife sanctuary. Large tracts of forest land have been denuded and numerous species of flora and fauna are lost over the last few decades. The sanctuary is threatened by the destruction of its natural resources and by conversion into other forms of land use. The local people cultivate different agricultural crops in this area and use forest products such as wood as fuel or sell it to earn an income. On the other hand, CWS is a part of natural habitat of the globally threatened Asian Elephant. Therefore, restoration and conservation of the CWS is of particular importance for the conservation of Asian Elephant and also for other fauna and flora of the sanctuary. Moreover, CWS has considerable potential for carbon sequestration and trading. Forest Department (FD) in collaboration with GIZ is implementing a project entitled ‘Management of Natural Resources and Community Forestry, Chunati’ (hereinafter the ‘Chunati Project’), which aims at strengthening protection and enrichment of forest plantations and developing...
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...ITS FUNCTIONS AND HOW THE COMMUNITY MANAGES IT. 1. DISCUSSION OF A RESOURCE WITHIN MY COMMUNITY FOREST A forest is any ecological community that is structurally dominated by tree-sized woody plants. Forests occur anywhere that the climate is suitable in terms of length of growing season, air and soil temperature and sufficiency of soil moisture. Forest can be classified into two broad types on the basis of their geographic range and dominant type’s o f trees. The most extensive of these types are; boreal coniferous, temperate angiosperm, and tropical forest. Forests are extremely important natural resource that can potentially be sustainably harvested and managed to yield a diversity of commodities of economic importance .wood is by far the most important product harvested from forests. The wood is commonly manufactured into paper, lumber, plywood and other products .in addition, in most of the forested regions of the less developed world firewood is the most important source of energy used for cooking and other purposes.Pontentially, all of these forest products can be sustainably harvested. It is critical that in the future all forest harvesting is conducted in a manner that is more responsible in terms of sustaining the resource. FUNCTIONS OF FORESTS IN COOMUNITY DEVELOPMENT Forests are important to community ecological economic and social well being. They provide wood and non-wood products, recreational opportunities and...
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...is working to increase the participation of Aboriginal peoples in the forest management process through the National Forest Strategy. The plan is to discuss how the forests of Canada will be managed over the next, 5-year term coordinated through the Canadian Forest Service. The discussions can include conservation of biological diversity; the maintenance and enhancement of forest ecosystem conditions and productivity; the conservation of soil and water resources; the forest ecosystem contributions to global ecological cycles, multiple benefits to society; and accepting society's responsibilities regarding sustainable development. About more than three-quarters of Canada’s indigenous communities reside in forested areas (Nair 2009). The forest products industry employs more than 17 000 indigenous people directly and indirectly; though many are still developing skills for the job. This is much more than what we would find in The United States since many are privately owned lands. “The forest industry does business with more than 1 4000 firms run by indigenous people and about 1 000 forestry operations are owned by indigenous people” (Nair 2009). Still, many forests hold important cultural and symbolic values whether or not how many indigenous people own a part of a land. The fact that forests are so important to our day-to-day lives and to the ongoing functioning of the global ecosystems is reflected in the importance forests and trees hold in virtually all cultures (Martin’s lecture...
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