...This was also supported by the new organization of Freedmen’s Bureau which emerged solely to carry aid for now free black people. It was the first this kind of organization. Established in 1965 by the Congress, it’s aim was to help slaves who lacked food supplies, roof over the head and medical help. From the stars Bureau was intended to not last a long period of time, precisely only year and a half after the war ended, but rather focused on its effectiveness to provide better adjustment for former slaves. Its role was also to act as a conciliation bridge in moments of disagreement between former slaves and slave owners. A sketch titled The Freedmen's Bureau drawn by A.R. Waud (1868) [appendix] which was published in Harper’s Bazar represents...
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...The major success of Reconstruction was the actions of the Freedmen’s Bureau. Formally known as the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, the Freedmen's Bureau was established by Congress in 1865 in order to help reconstruct the South by building communal institutions. It aimed to aid former black slaves, as well as poor whites in receiving food, housing, medical treatment as well as aid in labor disputes. The biggest success of the Bureau was establishing schools. Prior to the civil war, Southern states did not maintain a public education system. Northern states view education necessary for progress, making this a priority to build in the South. Education was also highly desired by newly freed slaves. These former slaves saw literacy and higher education a way to...
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...The Bureau was able to function because of Bureau agents and the support from organizations such as the New England Freedmen’s Aid Society. There were “a total of 2,441 men served as agents… only 900 were spread across the South.” Bureau agents faced a difficult task of accomplishing objectives set by the Bureau. These agents on a daily basis would deal with complaints and concerns dealing with African-American families and their personal matters, whites threatening them regarding African-Americans’ work and labor contracts, and African-Americans objecting to whites cheating them of their work at the end of a harvest year. In addition they set up schools, negotiated and oversaw labor contracts, and argued for African-Americans’ rights in law. Throughout the year they filed reports about schools, civil order, labor, and many other categories relating to programs that held the Bureau responsible. These agents were the backbone behind the Bureau that suffered from the amount of work and violent threats from whites. An example of Bureau agent attempting to make a difference occurred when agent...
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...becoming American citizens. African-Americans faced the challenge of overcoming the mental blocks caused by slavery, which allowed them to revert their labor training and disregard the ability to succeed academically. Until African-Americans rallied a sufficient number of graduates from college, their help came from organizations that supported educating African-Americans and the Freedmen’s Bureau. Some organizations and Bureau agents from the Freedmen’s Bureau would send northern teachers to the...
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...Emancipation took effect unevenly in different parts of the conquered Confederacy. Some slaves resisted the liberating Union armies due to their loyalty to their masters. The church became the focus of black community life in the years following emancipation. Blacks formed their own churches pastured by their own ministers, and they had an opportunity for education. Blacks could now learn to read and write. The Freedmen's Bureau Because many freedmen (people who were freed from slavery) were unskilled, without property or money, and had little knowledge of how to survive as free people, Congress created the Freedmen's Bureau on March 3, 1865. It provided clothing, medical care, food, and education to both freedmen and white refugees. Union general Oliver O. Howard led the bureau. The bureau's greatest success was teaching blacks to read. Because it was despised by the President and by Southerners, the Freedmen's Bureau expired in 1872. Johnson: The Tailor President When Andrew Johnson was in Congress, he refused to secede with his own state of Tennessee. Johnson was listed as the Vice President on Lincoln's 1864 election ticket to gain support from the War Democrats and other pro-Southern elements. Johnson was a strong supporter of state's rights and of the Constitution. He was a Southerner who did not understand the North and a Democrat who had not been accepted by the Republicans. Presidential Reconstruction In 1863, Lincoln released his "10 percent"...
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...Oliver O. Howard General Oliver O. Howard, a Civil War hero was born on November 8, 1830 in Leeds, Maine and died October 26, 1909 in Burlington, Vermont. He served as organizer and head of the Freedmen’s Bureau in (1865-72) and founder of Howard University. He used his position in the Freedmen’s Bureau to fight for, protect, and create educational possibilities, and a better way of life for the freedmen. Howard University gets its name from him and the Howard University Hospital, as we know it today was called "Freedman's Hospital.” He became the third president of the University, but resigned to go back to the military. The military was his love and in his blood. General Howard is described as a “Christian man who stood up for his beliefs and convictions, and who used his position as head of the Freedmen’s Bureau to fight for the well-being of Negroes in the South.”1 The General took pride in his position to defend race relations, education, and the general welfare of people. He felt that “no aspect of freedom for the newly emancipated was quite as close to his heart as that of providing educational facilities.”2 The General’s dedication and commitment to the freedmen was recognized by President Andrew Johnson, who in 1865 appointed General Howard to commission the Freedmen’s Bureau. As a result of his new appointment the General moved to Washington. Being a deeply religious man, The General’s religious roots lead him to “join others in helping to establish the First...
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... After the Civil War, freedmen worried about their freedom and right. “ Their actions raised a host of questions about what rights the freedmen would be entitled to, including land ownership and voting” (Saul,Donnell, and Keen) . Also, slaves were given the opportunity to be freed from their masters. However, their freedom were still restricted. They were segregated from the whites in public places, transportation, and in school. This was as a result of slave owners who protested against slave freedom. According to history.com, “congress made enough effort to help restore back the life of the freedmen by creating the Freedmen’s Bureau in March 1865. The Freedmen Bureau took effect for a short period of time, before it was destroyed by the southerner and vetoed by Johnson on February,1866. Meanwhile, freedmen enjoyed some benefit of the Freedmen’s Bureau, such as education, food, housing, and medical services, before the Act was destroyed. However, It was after the Reconstruction act, fifteenth amendments, and Jim Crow’s laws that freemen were officially recognized as citizens of the United state, and were allowed to vote”. Furthermore, southerners augured that if slave men should gain their freedom, they would not make profit on cottons, and also it would led to less production of agriculture products. However, because the southerners relied so much on slave men, they began to viewed slavery in different perspectives. Some believed that slavery is been supported by the...
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...Confederacy only strengthened the South’s case against the North. Of the many upset Southerners, John Wilkes Booth was among them. On April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth entered President Lincoln’s private lounge in Ford’s Theatre and took the life of the President. Booth’s motive for killing President Lincoln isn’t completely clear, but Booth and Lincoln’s views opposed each other. As a result of actions taken by President Lincoln in the Civil War, President Lincoln would be assassinated. Moreover, another effect of the Civil War would be the Freedmen’s Bureau. The Freedmen’s Bureau was a U.S. federal government agency which set up a support system for freedmen. The Freedmen’s Bureau Bill was enacted by President Lincoln on March 3, 1865. This agency helped former slaves find work and shelter after becoming freemen. President Lincoln proposed this agency to correct the wrongdoings of slavery and ensure all men be treated equal. The Freedmen’s Bureau was to be in operation a year after the...
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...DuBois, the Freedmen’s Bureau continued to grow and prosper in American society after its development in 1865. DuBois states that in 1868, nine hundred Bureau officials scattered from Washington to Texas, ruling, directly and indirectly, many millions of men. Also he states that the deeds of these rulers are to aid the relief of physical suffering, the overseeing of the beginnings of free labor, the buying and selling of land, the establishment of schools, the paying of bounties, the administration of justice, and the financiering of all these activities. By 1869, over half a million patients had been treated by Bureau physicians and surgeons, and sixty hospitals and asylums had been in operation. Moreover, with the help of the newly established organization, the Negro was able to adapt faster to the new fast changing environment. For example, Negro’s were now able to select their employer and did not have to worry about working by force. Furthermore, the most crucial part of the Freedmen’s Bureau was it helping to foster the excitement of working in the once distrustful Negro...
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...Essay 1 The years following the Civil War were laden with political, social, and economic strife, especially in the South. While the events of Reconstruction provided political, social, and economic gains for various groups, Reconstruction can only be described as a minor success due to its many shortcomings and failures. The most notable successes of Reconstruction include reunification of the Union, passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments, and establishment of the Freedmen’s Bureau. Reuniting the Union was Lincoln’s and many other Northerners’ main focus after the Civil War, although the last ex-confederate state was not readmitted until 1870. The passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments officially outlawed slavery, granted freedmen equal protection under the law, and gave black males the right to vote. While these helped equalize blacks and whites politically, the Freedmen’s Bureau was established to help provide economic and social assistance to former slaves. The bureau offered necessities like housing and food, but more importantly built schools and provided education and employment opportunities to blacks following the Civil War. With much southern resistance to the new political rights of former slaves, the...
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...that the south should be punished for causing the war. They plan was to assure civil liberties for former slaves with no voting rights and destroy the South’s slave society. The Vice President Andrew Johnson: Became President shortly after the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln in 1865. Like Lincoln, Johnson wanted to restore the union as soon possible. Even though, Johnson disrelished the southern aristocrats by indicating that he intended to deal with the south in a harshly manor, it was not visible. He returned confiscated property to the white southerners and pardon more confederate officers and government officials than any other presidents have done. Freedmen’s Bureau: In March 1865 congress established the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandonment Lands. Knowing simply as the freedmen’s Bureau, it became an all purposed relief agency in the war-ravaged south. Distributing food, providing...
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...Constitutional convention, their new constitutions had to give adult males the right to vote, and after the new constitution was ratified the state would also have to ratify the fourteenth amendment before they could elect new members into congress. Scalawags were white Southerners who worked with the Republicans and supported Reconstruction. Carpetbaggers was a person from the northern states who went to the South after the Civil War and they were elected or appointed to positions in the new state governments. Scalawags and Carpetbaggers were both hated by Southerners for their northern believes. The Freedmen's Bureau was a U.S. federal government agency established in 1865 to aid freemen in the South during the Reconstruction era. The Freedmen's Bureau was given many tasks and goals among them feeding and clothing war refugees and assisting former slaves in finding work, the Bureau also contributed to the education of former...
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...Before the Civil War, the South heavily relied on slavery to farm crops. Their main exports included indigo, tobacco, and cotton; which most planters used slaves to help farm these products. Therefore, the Southern economy quickly plummeted as many farmers who owned plantations did not know how to farm for themselves. The federal government realized the problem the South was in, and with the help of the Freedmen’s Bureau, encourage African Americans to return to the farms under new systems called share wages or sharecropping. Although many African Americans did not enjoy the thought of returning to farming, many had to because they were poor and out of any other jobs. The Freedmen’s Bureau helped to supervise the African American’s contracts between the farmer, to make sure they were not being put back into slavery-like conditions. Some African Americans were able to obtain their own land as the government’s slogan of “40 acres and a mule” excited freedmen to receive the land and began farming on their own. The railroad industry also was an important part of the new economy as it helped connect the country as it was not able to before. Railroads made it easier to travel and made it easier to ship goods across the country. Therefore, the creation of the transcontinental railroad helped...
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...I, Fredrick White, and my colleagues have successfully passed the 13th Amendment which has officially abolished slavery. This success was an immense victory to us Radical Republicans. We are in celebration of this amendment and a step closer of bettering Freedmen’s lives since the abolition of slavery has become the law of the land. We were very lucky to have added this quickly, because if the Southern States had been accepted into the Union we wouldn’t have been able to pass the amendment. I still believe that those Southerners shouldn’t even be allowed to have a voice in our politics after all they have done, even if they have joined back into the Union. President Andrew Johnson is much too lenient to his fellow Southerners and something must be done, but passing the 13th Amendment is a step in the right direction....
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...Reconstruction * Radical Republicans plan for vigorous plan, transformed south * Johnson and Congressional republicans clashed * 13th amendament- outlawd slavery * Forced to accept emancipation reconstituted state governments adopted a series of new laws called Black codes-restrictions on black freedom * Freedmen’s Bureau served as the only check on exploitative labor agreements. * Johnson denounced the Freedmen’s Bureau and Civil Rights act, but was overridden. * Partisan politics played a large role in shaping the nature of reconstruction * Bloody Shirt- a patriotic appeal to reward republicans for steering the country through the Civil war * Fighting between radicals and president empowered congress to act decisively when the pres. Woud not. Progressive movement * Roosevelt-square deal. Business was run by trust * Suing Northern Securities railroad trust ( was a monopoly) * Sherman anti-trust * Meat inspection act * Pure food and drug act * No preservative could be used in medicine or food * Leveling business playing field * Vibrant, visible, peoples choice * Reform and regulation * Hand picked his successor- taft * Taft was timid and uncomrotable * Was a lawyer * Wilson Second Industrial Revolution * Manufacturing, transportation and communication technologies * Agriculture/ trade-> focus on manufacturing ( industrialization) * Development of American economy ...
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