...Running Head: Management process, linear and nonlinear management, ordinary and extraordinary management, rational management, chaos theory Management - from rational management to chaos theory Submitted to Dr. D. Coleman By JJ de Klerk In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Doctorate in Business Administration Swiss Management University March 3, 2012 1 1. Introduction Developments over the last few decades have led to a new way of thinking in economic and management approaches. The scientific approach to management, which emphasizes the basic management functions of planning, organizing, leadership and control, now seems unable to explain the era of change that characterizes economies and organizations alike. This paper will focus on explaining the rational management model, focusing on ordinary management, and go on to discuss the new approaches such as chaos theory – also called complexity theory - and the need for extraordinary management and innovation. 2. Rational management Management and organization science literature have until recently focused on the objective control of agents and worked on the assumption that interactions can be described in linear terms (Webb, 2005). When difficult decisions have to be made, many managers and strategists rely on the economics view in which profit maximization is the guiding principle. Executives will us the rational model tools described above, and believe that precise solutions should be achieved...
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...ABSTRACT Emergence of e-business and supply chain management enables informational technologies to fuse with logistic. In this fast growing global economy, e-logistics has been appeared to overcome the informational barriers in the supply chain. This essay indents to bring an interpretation of the “old economy” logistics with "new generation" logistics. Firstly, the essay explains the definitions of the e-logistics and also analyses the differences between e-logistics and traditional logistics. INTRODUCTION Oscar Morgenstern proposed logistics as a discipline in science economy. Until the Second World War, logistics was considered as a science using for military services. Now logistics is considered as a civil science. The developmental stages of logistics can be categories as military logistics, business logistics and e-logistics. Among these stages, e- logistics can be considered as the latest stage of this industry. Nowadays, e-logistics has been discussed as electronic logistics, which uses the web technology as inevitable tool to administer some of the sectors of logistic industry or the whole process (Wang Wei, 2003); according to Prof. Zhai Xuewei, e-logistics is the combination of logistics supporting e-commerce and the electronic technology for logistics (Sun Chao, 2002). In this juncture, e-logistics can be regarded as e-logistic commerce, in which information flow is combined in the form of electronic technology, network technology and automation. Therefore...
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...make engineering a more attractive career. In this report, I will address the importance of engineers, reasons why we are lacking them and some solutions that can help solve the problem. 2. The importance of Engineers Engineers apply their knowledge in mathematics, sciences, economics and society and use their practical skills to design and build structures, machines, devices, materials, systems, and processes1. Looking around us, everything from vehicles, buildings, facilities to our laptops, mobile phones have been created and are still maintained by engineers. Hence, it is hard to imagine how our lives will be without them. Moreover, engineers are those who has changed and shaped the world today. “Engineers will drive the solutions to today’s most pressing problems” – Quote by Dean of Engineering, UC Berkeley. One of the most significant events in the history of the world’s economy is the Industrial revolution in eighteenth and nineteenth century. Starting in the UK, the manufacturing of products has switched from animal and labour based to machine based. Since then, the UK economy, and later the most of Europe economy have developed dramatically. Engineers continue to solve one of the biggest problems today, global warming. The effects of temperature rising for just 2 degrees Celsius is massive: destruction of vast majority of coral reefs, billion of people suffering from lack of water and flood, 30% of species extinction, cereal production reduces in low latitude, etc2. Engineers...
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...change, hyper competition and the exponential explosion of information science. Virtual organizational management is the needed change in the management paradigm. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This article argues that traditional management methods and structures are failing to adequately accommodate a complexity-based world view, which is characterized by discontinuous change, hyper competition and the exponential explosion of information science and shows how the management paradigm has been updated by the new era of the virtual structures. While the management structures and systems developed by such researchers as Weber, Fayol, Taylor and Drucker in the 19th and 20th centuries established a management paradigm which has endured up to the millennium, these "simple" structures and systems were more suited to a time when competition was slower, less aggressive, and characterized by long periods of stability, and when information science was in its embryonic or primordial stage. It is abundantly clear, however, that the arrival of the 21st Century demands a fundamental rethink, and the development of a management paradigm that can withstand the pressure of rapid change in a borderless, connected and wired world, relying more and more on virtual structures - a virtual management system. New technologies have led to a new information/ knowledge-based economy, in terms of which organizations have become increasingly complex. The...
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...judgement. Thus, education promote moral values and helps to create awareness, welfare attitudes, certain skills and behavior as well as a sense of ethical responsibilities among people. Among the different levels of education higher education is the most important and perhaps the most effective part of the education system. In general terms, education beyond the secondary level; especially :education provided by a college or university is defined as higher education. higher education helps to prepare competent, knowledgeable and far-sighted people for assuming various higher responsibilities. Thus, the growing importance of higher education in the modern world can hardly be overemphasized, especially in the era of globalization and in a global environment which is fiercely competitive. And in developing countries like Bangladesh, which going through its steepest precipice, higher education has enormous potential to be the major catalyst of national progress and prosperity. Efficacy of Higher Education in Bangladesh: Bangladesh is a promising developing country, which in spite of having immense resources and possibilities is still struggling due to the absence of proper planning, able leadership and skilled manpower. In such a confounding condition the thing which can turn out be the Midas touch for Bangladesh is ‘higher education’. Because higher education can play a vital role in promoting the growth...
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...C.H.I.N.A.: ‘Cheap House Is Not Allowed’ Will China’s real estate bubble burst? Since the onset of the global financial crisis in 2007, China has faced some critical problems linked with the excess of liquidity in its internal market, due to the stimulus plan launched by the Government to soften the effects of the crisis. As a result China is now fighting against a high rate of inflation (especially food prices) and a high cost of property. While the inflation issue has been partially solved in the first term of this year, the fear for the real-estate market trend is still alive. This essay aims to critically analyse the real estate market in China, which is also strictly linked with the health of this country’s economy, by examining this issue from two different perspectives: from the point of view of those scholars who believe that the Chinese bubble will burst and from the point of view of those who believe that the Chinese market is still safe. First of all the essay will give the historical and economic background of the price rises in the Chinese real estate market, from the birth of this important economic sector to the global financial crisis. Secondly, in the core part, this paper will explain the main theory regarding the possibility of the real estate bubble burst and the counter argument. To better understand the actual situation in China there will be also a short comparison with the burst of the American bubble in 2007. In the conclusive paragraph some...
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...acceptable as a statement of the obvious than it might have been 30 years ago when complexity science was born. This emerging worldview sits in contradistinction to the view of the world as predictable, linear, measurable and controllable, indeed mechanical; it is the so-called mechanical worldview which underpins many traditional approaches to strategy development and general management theory (see Mintzberg, 2002 for an overview). The complexity worldview presents a new, integrated picture of the behaviour of organisations, marketplaces, economies and political infrastructures; these are indeed complex systems as we will explain below. Some of these behaviours are recognised in other theories and other empirical work. Complexity theory is unique in deriving these concepts through the lens of a coherent, self-consistent scientific perspective whilst nevertheless applying it to everyday, practical problems. These key principles can be summarised here: There is more than one possible future This is a very profound point. We are willing to accept the future may be too complicated to know, but the notion that the way the future may evolve is, generally,unknowable in principle fundamentally changes our notion of reality as being something that is unfixed and emergent. The future does not yet exist; it is created and not merely discovered. Tipping Organisations, economies or other complex systems may tip into new forms with radically new characteristics; some of these...
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...2006). The complexity theory suggests that simple deterministic actions can cause highly complex and unpredictable behaviors, as well as, exhibit order and patterns. The theory seeks to explain how systems learn and spontaneously organize themselves into structured and sophisticated forms that respond better to their environments. Although the complexity theory was created in the biological and physical sciences, numerous scholars have noted that economic and social systems also exhibit nonlinear relationships and complex interactions. Economists and social scientists have noted the significance of complexity theory by observing the level of interrelationships among components of the social system (Koen, 2005). For instance, in the business setting, economists have noted that business success or failure is a product of the complex interaction between the firm and the evolving environment. It does not entail simple and linear cause-effect relationships. Levy (2000) has described the complexity theory as an umbrella concept that integrates both the chaos and networks theory. The chaos theory analyzes how recursive application of nonlinear functions gives rise to random behaviors...
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...Education is the most important factor behind the progress man has achieved in this world. It has been the permanent character of human history and evolution of thought. However, in the past, it used to be prerogative of only a few privileged men and the pace of development was quite slow. Since it has been disseminated to common people, there has been rapid growth in every sphere of development: science, technology, sociology, politics, anthropology, etc. Now it is treated as basic human right of every man. Though, it encompasses a wide sphere of knowledge, it has been metamorphosed by man according to his needs. It has been mainly applied as a tool of economic development, which has limited its application. Consequently, people are deprived of the potential education offers for the overall development of personality and stability of society. The chaos in modern world is also partly due to this fault. Therefore, in order to meet the multi-dimensional challenges, man faces in the world, it is essential to impart real education i.e. liberal education. The liberal education has been defined in many ways, though emphasizing the similar essential elements. The best definition is offered by the “Association of American Colleges and Universities”. “Liberal education means to empower an individual and prepare him to deal with diversity, complexity and change”. As manifest from the definition, the purpose of education is to enable man to surpass the challenges faced in the...
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...Final Project 8 Chana Evans Chancellor University Instructor: Melissa Burrows March 2, 2012 FINAL PROJECT 8 The most critical issue the U.S is facing is The Federal regulatory expenses. U.S. is on the path for a deficit of 1.5 trillion or more in the future. The funding reduction that should be cut out is the Federal regulatory expenses, Federal spending US cut; it could raise the economy backup and help the US out of debt. The Federal spending has developed out of proportion and is growing and not reducing the deficit. Some people believe that part of this careless budget is due to regulatory efforts. By cutting this funding tax payers and the economy could be building back up. Even President Obama’s acknowledgement about the extra federal regulations had subdued innovation which had a disturbing outcome on growth and jobs. New public companies in the United States, capital business, and entrepreneurship have all been affected by the result of federal regulations. Some people believe that part of this irresponsible budget is allocated to regulatory efforts. By reading the research and report my criteria would be for renewed economic growth to reduce regulations, so businesses are free and motivated to expand and update. By cutting agency budgets the Federal budget would not only be reduced, but it would have the added benefit of lowering the overall budget. All businesses should get a chance to...
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...An economy or economic system consists of the production, distribution or trade, and consumption of limited goods and services by different agents in a given geographical location. The economic agents can be individuals, businesses, organizations, or governments. Transactions occur when two parties agree to the value or price of the transacted good or service, commonly expressed in a certain currency. In the past, economic activity was theorized to be bounded by natural resources, labor, and capital. This view ignores the value of technology (automation, accelerator of process, reduction of cost functions), and innovation (new products, services, processes, new markets, expands markets, diversification of markets, niche markets, increases revenue functions), especially that which produces intellectual property. A given economy is the result of a set of processes that involves its culture, values, education, technological evolution, history, social organization, political structure and legal systems, as well as its geography, natural resource endowment, and ecology, as main factors. These factors give context, content, and set the conditions and parameters in which an economy functions. The largest national economy in the Americas is the United States,[1] Germany in Europe,[2] Nigeria in Africa[3] and China in Asia.[4] A market-based economy is where goods and services are produced without obstruction or interference, and exchanged according to demand and supply between participants...
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...advancements in science and technology are sustaining billions of lives on this planet and enabling millions of people to have luxurious lives. We are in a time where the education,...
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...An economy consists of the economic systems of a country or other area; the labor, capital, and land resources; and the manufacturing, production, trade, distribution, and consumption of goods and services of that area. A given economy is the result of a process that involves its technological evolution, history and social organization, as well as its geography, natural resource endowment, and ecology, as main factors. These factors give context, content, and set the conditions and parameters in which an economy functions. A market based economy may be described as a spatially limited social network where goods and services are freely produced and exchanged according to demand and supply between participants (economic agents) by barter or a medium of exchange with a credit or debit value accepted within the network. Capital and labor can move freely across places, industries and firms in search of higher profits, dividends, interest, compensations and benefits. Rent on land allocates this generally fixed resource among competing users. Contemporary Capitalism is a market economy in which most of the production capacity is owned and directed by the private sector. Government role is limited to provide for defense and internal security; administer justice and prisons; make laws and regulations; enforce contracts, laws and regulations; correct market imperfections and failures; ensure full employment without inflation; promote balance economic growth and development; provide...
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...Meat Consumption and Vegetarian People should eat less meat or become vegetarian? Steven Zhou Royal Roads University Marianne Kettlewell November 26, 2015 Meat Consumption and Vegetarian People should eat less meat or become vegetarian? Throughout human history, it is clear that carnivores have dominated food culture since Primitive Society. Meat has been maintaining the development in human beings for thousands of years. Unexpectedly, as time has gone by, the meat industry has caused major environmental and health problems. For instance, livestock is now responsible for 51% of the world's total greenhouse gas emissions, which negatively affects the environment. Eating lots of meats could also adversely affect health, leading to many illnesses like Hypertension and Hyperlipidemia. Therefore, some people think we should eat less meat or become vegetarian. Despite these strong arguments, personally, I do not agree with this opinion, for reasons outlined below. From a perspective of health, a vegan diet is harmful to the nutritional balance, for instance, vegetarians are short of protein and calcium. Meat, such as beef, has abundant protein, six ounces of lean, chuck beef, braised contains 49.2 grams of protein, 505 calories and 32.59 grams of fat (Dr. Decuypere's Nutrient Charts). What is protein? Protein is a nutrient that the body needs to grow and maintain itself. Next to water, protein is the most plentiful substance in our bodies. In other words, protein plays...
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...Identifying the Bodies of Literature u02a1, DB9950 Patricia A. Hines Capella University 25 Centre Hill Ct Petersburg, VA Consult444u@aol.com Professor: Dr. Rick Daniels Introduction In a competitive global environment, organizations are literally forced to compete for resources, market share, skilled labor, and new innovations. Organizations with functional and hierarchical structure may operate within a closed mechanistic structure with top-down management. Organizations striving to create relevance and competitive advantages may adopt more adaptive, flexible, interdependence and open management strategies. Organizational systems vary and can be simple or complicated; complex or chaotic; and linear or nonlinear. System dynamics in its broadest sense seeks to provide information and knowledge of how relationships influence the behavior of the system (parts and whole) over time. Designing, and managing systems in an ever-changing environment can present leaders with challenges as well as opportunities. Ackoff and Gharajedaghi (1996) defined a system as “a whole defined by one or more functions, which consists of two or more essential parts” (p.13). Systems Theory, Systems Analysis and Systems Thinking examines input, processes, outputs and outcomes, with ongoing feedback. Social systems (groups, supply and demand, friendship, etc.) range from very simple to very complex. Complex systems, are comprised of numerous subsystems are arranged in hierarchies, and integrated...
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