...How did civilizations prior to 1600 obtain, consolidate and maintain power in Africa and the Americas? Africa, is the third continent by its extension after Asia and America located between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. On the other hand this America is the second largest continent of the earth and extends from the Arctic Ocean to the islands of Diego Ramirez. It is possible to be said that these two continents had enough to see in the creation of the Maya empire, Azteca and Inca, since in specific places of these lands they themselves developed their civilizations. The Mayan Empire, a civilization developed by the Mayan peoples, was developed between the years 250 and 900AD in Mexico in the Yucatan Peninsula. The Maya were very skilled...
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...In the period shortly before the discovery of the Americas there were two great civilizations flourishing in Central and South America. They were the Inca and the Aztec. Although neither Empire would last long after Europeans came into the picture they were still the dominating powers in Mesoamerica. These two empires shared a number of similarities in many aspects of their life, culture and politics. However one must know about each group separately before similarities are noticeable. First, the Aztec civilization grew out of the Valley of Mexico. After the fall of the Toltec Empire the center of political power and population changed to the Valley of Mexico which contained a number of lakes in which settlements were built around. Many groups...
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...How did guns germs and steel impact civilizations? What impacted the development of civilizations the most? Why did some civilizations develop faster than others? Is there a simple answer? There is a very simple answer. That answer is guns, germs, and steel. So how exactly did guns, germs, and steel affect the course of history? Guns had a major part in our history and are part of the reason why some civilizations were superior to others. "You know, the flintlock rifle, it was, you know, I shouldn’t really say this but it was nearly like as important as a cellphone is today. You can’t go without your cellphone; in those days you couldn’t go without your flintlock rifle.” (ggs) This passage shows how important guns were and how much it was necessary to have one to survive. “They would shoot, hand the gun over, take the next gun, fire, hand the gun over. So every five or six seconds you could fire a shot. See that, that was the important thing.” (ggs) This shows how easy it was to kill somebody and how effective it was because it takes longer to kill somebody with a sword or arrow and you are more guaranteed to kill your enemy with a gun. ”This is a Maxim gun. What made this weapon such a great weapon, as opposed to the old single-shot weapons that had been used in years before, is this gun could fire continuously for up to 500 rounds a minute. It had the equivalent firepower of probably 100 men in a company with single shot weapons.”(ggs) This passagfe is more proof as...
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...Ancient Egypt is a wonderful land of mystery. People today still have no idea how to duplicate some of the achievements of Ancient Egyptians. Egypt became a great civilization due to many things, but there were three that seem to stand out above the rest. They were the geography, culture, and Architecture. Egypt can be divided into four major regions: the Nile Valley and Delta, the Arabian Desert, the Libyan Desert, and the Sinai. The Nile River valley is about 950 mi. long. In the south the valley is rarely more than 2 mi. wide. "North of EDFU (Idfu) the valley averages 5 to 10 mi. in width, with steep cliffs on either side" . From Cairo to the north, the valley merges with the fertile delta. "Southwest of Cairo near...
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...The Mayans, Aztecs, and Incas all were different tribes that lived at different periods, in different locations, and they had different capitals for each civilization. The Mayan lived in parts of present-day southern Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador. The Mayan lived between the 1000 BC to the 1542. The Mayan capital was Tikal but also there were also different capitals for each Mayan city. The Aztecs were located in now day Mexico. They also had the Great Valley. They lived between the 12 century AD to 15th century AD. Their capital was Tenochtitlan. The Inca’s were located in Peru. They lived between 1438 AD to 1532 AD. Their capital was Cuzco. The Inca empire was stretched out 2,000 miles from the north to the south. The Mayas economy was different and the same with the other tribes. They traded with many of the Mesoamerican cultures. The farmers transported their cocoa beans to the market in canoe or in large baskets. They had 3 ways of farming that were all good. The first one was the Slash and Burn farming, in this farming they burned down forests to get land to plant. This was a good way of farming but it also had its consequences....
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...Egypt is divided into twenty-six governorates (sometimes called provinces), which include four city governorates: Alexandria (Al Iskandariyah), Cairo (Al Qahirah), Port Said (Bur Said) and Suez; the nine governorates of Lower Egypt in the Nile Delta region; the eight governorates of Upper Egypt along the Nile River south from Cairo to Aswan; and the five frontier governorates covering Sinai and the deserts that lie west and east of the Nile. All governorates, except the frontier ones, are in the Nile Delta or along the Nile Valley and Suez Canal. Ancient Egyptian architecture is the architecture of Ancient Egypt, which developed a vast array of diverse structures in great architectural monuments along the Nile. Egypt was on of the most influential civilizations throughout history. The Karnak is an ancient Egyptian temple located on the east bank of the Nile River in Thebes (modern-day Luxor). It covers more than 100 hectares, an area larger than some ancient cities. To the south of the central area is a smaller precinct dedicated to his wife, the goddess Mut. In the north, there is another precinct dedicated to Montu, the falcon-headed god of war. Also, to...
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...latitude, north of which experiences a period of 24-hour sunlight * Atlas Mountains: Mountain range in northwest Africa * Black Sea: Large sea separating parts of Europe and Asia * Cartography: The making of maps * Caspian Sea: Largest inland body of water, located in Asia * Chesapeake Bay: Largest estuary in the United States, bordered by Maryland and Virginia * Coordinates: A position on a map, specified by latitude and longitude, ex: 41N 73W * Death Valley: Desert in California; hottest and lowest location in North America * El Niño–Southern Oscillation: A climate pattern where the temperature of the tropical Pacific Ocean warms about every five years * English Channel: Water separating France from Great Britain *...
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...The Mediterranean fostered great civilizations as it provided the livelihoods for the people living in said civilizations. One of the first was the great Macedonian empire, whose leader was Alexander the Great. Alexander was an avid supporter of all things pertaining to Greek culture and spread it throughout the reaches of his empire. Even after the fall of the Macedonians, Greek influence still permeates the culture of the succeeding empires, blending various cultures in a process called syncretism. Between the years 200 C.E and 1000 C.E, civilizations in the Mediterranean Sea experienced changes in political systems due to the proximity of a civilization to another, instability, and the conflict between church and state. However, they also retained government policies left by previous empires and incorporated them into their own....
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...were different and there civilization was different. Nobody had the same ideas. Here are some intersting facts about the Mayans , Aztecs , and Incas. Mayan civilization flourished in central america. Aztec society was strictly hierarchical , ruled over by a godlike emperor. Inca civilization was wiped out , but they left behind plenty of evidence of their achievements. The Mayan civilization first settled in the region as early as 1500 BC , growing maize and living in small argicultural communities. The Aztec had harsh rulers ; they demanded high tributes and were constantly fighting in order to keep up a study of captives to use as a human sacrifice. The Inca city was never known to the spanish invaders , but you can visit it today. The Mayan were never a empire. Although the cities shared the same culture ,...
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...Theories Behind the Disappearance of the Mayan Civilization Travis Epling Prof. Aprile Castagna Cappuzzo Introduction to Humanities 2 May 2014 Theories Behind the Disappearance of the Mayan Civilization There are many theories behind the decline of the Mayan Civilization. They range from over-population, war, famine, immigration, deforestation, climate change, and even aliens. When we say the disappearance of the Mayans we do not mean that the culture completely disappeared, we are talking about and extreme reduction in population. Tom Server believes as much as 90 to 95 percent of the population. Many of the major bustling cities of the Mayan Empire such as Tikal, Palenque, and Copan were simply abandoned for, what appears to be, no reason. Many of these theories have been debunked over time with the development of new science technology that allows for more thorough of investigations of these ancient civilizations. The first theory we will visit will be the affects of deforestation which also encompasses part of the climate change theory. NASA archaeologist, Tom Sever(2004) states that , “The Mayan civilization in Mesoamerica was one of the densest populations in human history”. He believes that the population during the height of the Mayan Empire would have been between 1800 and 2600 people per square mile. In 2000, the population density of Los Angeles was around 2300 for a comparison. The extreme amount of people living in the area would have put...
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...to the largest diversity in Culture &Tradition, it can trace its civilization back to over 10,000 years. It has timeless pre-historic relics, caves, paintings and artifacts. It is home to some of the erstwhile great Empires who’s Monuments, Palaces and Legacies continue to live on. India is home to some of the World’s best Ancient Architectural wonders inspired by Hindu, Persian, Buddhist, European & other Architectural styles. India’s Cultural & Social diversity is unmatched. With over Ten Millennia of civilization, India has grown to be the genesis of varied Cultures, Languages, Traditions, Beliefs and Rituals. With relative isolation of various Societies, these have grown to leave an indelible mark on its followers. Four major religions of the World have their origins in India: Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism. This had led to India becoming the home to many Pilgrimage sites. India is also the home of various Spiritual practices like Meditation and Yoga. India is also home to the tradition system of Naturopathy medicine: Ayurveda. India is rich in Bio-Diversity, with varied Flora & Fauna, many of which are native to India and are found only here. There are many Wild Life Sanctuaries, Botanical Gardens, Nature Reserves and Protected Ecology Zones. India also has varied Geographical features like Mountains, Plains, Forests, Tropic, Hilly Terrain, Marshes, Archipelago, Rivers, River Rapids, Inland Lakes, Beaches, Ocean, Bays, Seas et al. Lately, India has been making...
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... Introduction Sacred places are critical elements in the mythic traditions that Team C has been studying and the stories surrounding the world’s myths are important as well. The stories surrounding the sacred places are important as the mythic breaks into today’s present high technological world, with the boundary crossings from the past to the present world today. The stories can come from a sacred sight, a secular organization, or some site with supernatural revelation that can link the past to the present with the myths (stories) told about an ancient people, or an ancient civilization through the myths. Stories about sacred places allow today’s humanity to see past versus present, realistic versus mythological, or spiritual versus materialistic (University of Phoenix, 2011). Team C ran across an article that showed a new sacred site in today’s world that will seem ancient to the future generations, but not for today’s generation. The article was called “America’s New Sacred Site”, which is about September 11, 2001 or 9-11 when the World Trade Center was devastated due to America’s home view of terrorism and its results. The article shows pictures of Ground Zero – the new sacred site of the excavated site of the World Trade Center with lights lighting up where the World Trade Center used to be (Mysterious Places...
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...Collapse of the Hittite Empire Nowadays, there are a lot of theories and inferences that what caused the collapse of the civilization such as environmental, ecological, political, and economic etc. I am going to introduce and analyze of the Hittite civilization which belongs to the period of the Bronze Age. There are some aspects of the collapse of civilization people have defined. What is collapse exactly? As said by the article from the National Geographic, “Collapse has specific implication of ‘imploding’ under its own weight or mismanagement or something”. For instance, while the Spanish conquered the post-classic Maya, the classic Maya may have collapsed. Even then, to have a civilization conquered is not necessarily to have it end. Chris Thornton, moderator, said there’s no such a thing as a sudden collapse. People do not disappear, and they move and they change. Giorgio Buccellati said collapse can be defined as a broken tradition. More specifically, Archaeobotanist, Dorian Fuller, stated about little tradition such as folksongs, and huge traditions such as architecture of temple. “Little traditions are more likely to persist,” he said. “Big traditions, more likely to collapse.” In that frame, good parts of the culture can continue, and probably direct to the revival of the rest of it after a latency period. “But if it doesn’t come back, that’s collapse.” On the other hand, Richard Hansen said that even the rural populations are leaving in the case of the Maya (end...
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...Peru, Ecuador, and into Southern Columbia. Their capital was Cuzco. The Inca civilization was in the highlands of Peru. The Aztecs were located in Mexico. The Aztec Empire was based in the Valley of Mexico, a high elevated valley in the mountains of Central Mexico. Tenochtitlan was the Aztec city and the capital. It had canals and causeways that supplied hundreds of thousands of people who lived there. The Mayans lived in Mexico and Central America. The Palenque was once known as the red city, because the buildings were all painted red. The Maya capital...
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...by creating the senate, and by dividing the people into curiae. He also extended Roman power by successful wars. Numa Pompilius is the antithesis, in many ways, of Romulus. He organized priesthoods, established religious rites, and sought to develop the religious life of the people. It was the main purpose of Tullus Hostilius, as it had been that of Romulus, to extend the material power of Rome. Ancus Marcius, the fourth king, represents in a way the two types in combination. The founding of Ostia and the bridging of the Tiber, while her prestige in war was main- tained with success furthered the peaceful development of Rome in his reign. To L. Tarquinius, who was a Greek by descent, but came to Rome from Tarquinii in Etruria, many of the great public works of Rome, notably the Circus and the...
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