...Critical Analysis of The Apology of Socrates by Plato Socrates was an orator and philosopher whose primary interests were logic, ethics and epistemology. In Plato’s Apology of Socrates, Plato recounts the speech that Socrates gave shortly before his death, during the trial in 399 BC in which he was charged with "corrupting the young, and by not believing in the gods in whom the city believes, also being a busybody and intervene gods business". The name of the work itself is not mean what it is appeared; here, Socrates is not apologizing, but merely speaking in defense of his beliefs and actions – the word apology is used in the context of its original meaning. During this apology, Socrates attempts to explain himself and the decisions that led to his action, educating his audience in the philosophical questions he chooses to pose. Socrates does not try to avoid death in the trial; instead, his goal is to enlighten the public for the last time before his own passing. Socrates was always fascinated with the solving of questions, both big and small; his approach was to use the Socratic method of inquiry, wherein he would break the problem down into several questions, and then systematically find the answers to each question in order to find the larger answer. It was a methodical and practical approach to show his ultimate quest for seeking the true knowledge. He says, "His wisdom is truly worthless"; this is indicative of his unending search for more and more knowledge (Apology 23b)...
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...5gendpolite4.doc; Oct 2002 word count: 13,276 Chapter 5: Gender and Politeness Introduction Given the model of gender described in the last chapter where gender is dispersed into practices and contexts/communities of practice, and is oriented to by individuals in relation to their perceptions of race and class stereotypes, rather than being located at the level of the individual, and also given the model of linguistic politeness as described in Chapters 2 and 3, where politeness/impoliteness is considered to be a matter of assessment within a context and the result of complex negotiations with perceptions of appropriacy norms and stereotypes, it is difficult, if not impossible, simply to approach the relation between gender and politeness as a question of an investigation of the production, by individual men or women of a number of linguistic features which are assumed to be unequivocally polite or impolite. What I would like to do instead is to consider the complexity of the relationship between gender and politeness, so that the common-sense nature of gender and politeness and their relation to each other is troubled. Here, I aim to analyse the way that certain practices which are considered to be polite or impolite are, within particular communities of practice, stereotypically gendered. As I discussed in Chapter 4, these stereotypes do not actually exist as such, but are hypothesised by particular speakers and hearers within communities of practices, on the...
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...Socrates claimed that for a human being to live a worthy life, everyone should question, examine and re-examine the values of their lives daily (Kamtekar, 154). This paper explores the meaning and the significance of the Socrates claim that “the unexamined life is not worth living” focusing on the Apology and Euthyphro. The words, ‘the unexamined life is not worth living’ by Socrates comes from Plato’s Apology when Socrates is sentenced to death after being accused of corrupting the youth and impiety (Ahbel-Rappe & Rachana, 229). Patterson posits that apology is one historical account of Socrates’ defense during his trial (Patterson, 16), and these words appear at the end of the Apology when Socrates is going through possible punishments for charges against him. Socrates utters these words when the jury has already found him guilty and has to decide on what kind of punishment to impose on him (Ahbel-Rappe & Rachana, 229), which was agreed to be a death sentence. After he has been sentenced to death, he is told to choose an alternative punishment like life sentence or exile but he declines the offer claiming that giving up philosophy would be disobedient to god and that “no greater good can happen to a man than to discuss human excellence every day and the other...
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...------------------------------------------------- Maria Sison Assignment 1 ------------------------------------------------- The Seven Steps in Ethical Decision Making Step 1: Identify the Ethical Dimensions Embedded in the Problem I work in a meat packing plant and I know that we have policies regarding the quality and safety of the meat that we distribute. As the product control manager, my job is to ensure product safety. With the routine safety test showing that E. Coli is present in a product sample, our product safety has been compromised. What I choose to do next can result to consequences that will affect my position in the company, the company itself, other employees and the whole community. Therefore, an ethical analysis has to be done in order for me to come up with the best possible solution. Step 2: Collect Relevant Information I spoke to the “kill floor” superintendent and he said that he would deal with the employee who made a mistake on his own, but is that enough? I know that I should address the bigger issue and threat, which is the danger of distributing products that may possibly have E. Coli. As a newly hired product control manager, I would like to establish myself as an employee who knows how to do my job not only well, but also right. It is my job to report any findings that may affect our company. Even if what I find is something that can negatively affect the business, I should be transparent and honest in reporting the findings...
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...Demoversion) BASIC ANALYSIS: A GUIDE FOR STUDENTS AND RESEARCHERS ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR DR ERNEST CYRIL DE RUN DR LO MAY CHIUN HERIYADI KUSNARYADI BASIC ANALYSIS: A GUIDE FOR STUDENTS AND RESEARCHERS 1 (CIB pdf formfields Demoversion) PREAMBLE This book was originally written as notes for my students of EBQ2053 Research Methodology at Universiti Malaysia Sarawak. Nevertheless, as we looked through it and with the various courses and seminars that we have given, we began to realize that what was being said was universal for all researchers, either those just starting out at 2nd year university of seasoned well published researchers. We all need to know the basics. Nevertheless, at the same time, even seasoned researchers tend to forget some methods that they do not always use. Therefore the idea for this book, as a handout for students yet at the same time a quick guide and reference for the seasoned researcher. Please note that we are using SPSS v15 and AMOS v4. May it be of help to all who strive to better themselves. This book is dedicated to or my darling wife, Doren, and my dearest son, Walter. Associate Professor Dr Ernest Cyril de Run 16 November 2007 BASIC ANALYSIS: A GUIDE FOR STUDENTS AND RESEARCHERS 2 (CIB pdf formfields Demoversion) 1. What is SPSS? SPSS refers to computer software named Statistical Program for Social Sciences and it comes in various versions and adds on. It is software and not a method of analysis. Therefore please do not...
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...everything similar to a competition and females are more about giving everyone a chance. In a workplace, males are projected as being more dominant and females are displayed as being fair. When males and females communicate, males are more likely to play a dominant role in a conversation because males subconsciously expose their masculinity. Deborah Tannen was one of the reliable sources that thoroughly elaborates the communication between male and female. Tannen is currently university professor and professor of linguistics at Georgetown University. She received a Ph.D. in Linguistics from the University of California in 1979 and has done a numerous amount research on a broad range of topics. She wrote 22 books that created connections with analysis of conversational discourse, spoken and written language, orality and literacy, doctor-patient communication, cross-cultural communication, modern Greek discourse, the relationship between conversational and literary discourse, narrative, and gender and language. Gender and language is the topic that Tannen is known for having great research about. Her most memorable books are “You Just Don’t Understand” and “Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus”. Males and females show very familiar tendencies when inside a class room setting. Classroom environments are usually the...
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...the topic of forgiveness Chasity Webster PSY 400 Martin Methodist College Forgiveness is one of the most compassionate things that we can do for one another. The term is greatly misinterpreted and because of this it is not often given in the truest sense of the word. Forgiveness requires finding and feeling compassion and then being able to let go of anxiety, anger and yearning for revenge. Letting go of grudges and bitterness can make way for compassion, kindness and peace. In an article reviewing compassion, the authors define compassion as the feeling that arises in witnessing another’s suffering and that motivates a subsequent desire to help. The definition theorizes compassion as an affective state defined by a specific independent feeling, and it differs from treatment of compassion as an attitude (Goetz & et. al 2010). According to Webster’s Third Edition, to forgive is to cease to feel resentment against, on accord of wrong committed, to give up claim to requital from or retribution upon an offender, to absolve; pardon. Generally, forgiveness is a decision to let go of resentment and thoughts of revenge. The act that hurt or offended you might always remain a part of your life, but forgiveness can lessen its grip on you and help you focus on other, positive parts of your life. Forgiveness can even lead to feelings of understanding, empathy and compassion for the one who hurt you. Forgiveness doesn't mean that you deny the other person's responsibility for hurting...
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...Socrates Worldview Intro Socrates was a raggedy old man that spent his time searching and looking for all of the answers to the world. The readings we started on took us to Socrates in his last days and arguing with friends if he should escape or not. We will get to look at though the worldview analysis Socrates findings of his years searching and his personal view portrayed by ones around him. Condition Bodily Attachment Socrates believes the human problem is inside us ourselves. We are all souls inhibiting bodies and Socrates states that the body is our problem. “So long as we keep to the body and our soul is contaminated with this imperfection, there is no chance of our ever attaining satisfactorily to our object, which we assert to be Truth.” (Phaedo 66b) He talks about how the body is in desire of riches, cloths, and ornaments then argues if the soul needs all those things. The body is distracting us from the truth. Socrates believes that death is the solution to all. He states, “I fancy that this (death) will help us to find out the answer to our problem. (Phaedo 64d) I agree with Socrates because I believe we have a soul as well and it continues after death. The body needs the soul as much as the soul needs the body though and because no one is positive about death and us continuing we do our part to keep the body alive as well. Misology Socrates also states that the human condition is caused by bad experiences that ruin everyone’s look on life....
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...results identified the most common categories as being service failure and recovery strategy. It also demonstrates that consumers were unable to recognise high-quality service and high-consistency products in chain restaurants. Additionally, appropriate recovery strategies were proposed to assist restaurateurs in reducing service failure. A number of conclusions and recommendations regarding practice and future research are made. Keywords: service failure; service recovery; recovery strategy; chain restaurant; critical incident technique Introduction Modern customers are very demanding and have easy access to diverse information channels. Customer demands for value create a strong focus on a combination of quality, fair price and good service in their purchases (Power, Konrad, Cuneo, & Treece, 1991). However, when a specific service delivery link results in mistakes and an inability to satisfy customer expectations regarding service or products, the result may be negative experiences and reactions for customers, including negative word-of-mouth or customers switching to other providers (Andreassen, 1999;...
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...CRISIS COMMUNICATION AND THE CASE STUDY OF MISSING MALAYSIA AIRLINES FLIGHT MH370 I. Literature review In a ‘vulnerable’ society that has been easily affected by many different types of crises such as natural and man-made disasters, in disregard of where you live and what you do, no community or organization is immune from crisis. In order to provide clear definitions and deeper understanding crises of all types, scholars have developed theories to handle these events. A wide range of crisis fields are studied including psychology (Morgan et al., 2002), sociology (Clarke & Chess, 2008) or political perspective (Birkland, 2006). In addition, other research involved communicating in crisis (Reynolds, 2002). All of these disciplines, even different, combine to build a theoretical background on various approaches to crisis communication and contribute to establish crisis response guidelines for organizations. Among the prominent theories on crisis communication, the Situational Crisis Communication Theory generates a link between Attribution Theory firstly built by Fritz Heider in the early part of the 20th century which addresses the processes by which individuals explain the causes of behavior and events and crisis response strategies which represent what an organization does and says after a crisis. To protect reputation, it is crucial for the organization to consist the responsibility acceptance of the crisis response with the stakeholder attributions. Coombs (2006)...
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...Corporate Reputation Review Volume 10 Number 3 Academic Research Protecting Organization Reputations During a Crisis: The Development and Application of Situational Crisis Communication Theory W. Timothy Coombs Department of Communication Studies, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL, USA ABSTRACT Crisis managers benefit from understanding how crisis communication can be used to protect reputational assets during a crisis. Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT) offers a framework for understanding this dynamic. SCCT provides a mechanism for anticipating how stakeholders will react to a crisis in terms of the reputational threat posed by the crisis. Moreover, SCCT projects how people will react to the crisis response strategies used to manage the crisis. From its empirical research emerges a set of evidence-based crisis communication guidelines. The development of SCCT is discussed along with the presentation of its guidelines for crisis communication. Corporate Reputation Review (2007) 10, 163–176. doi:10.1057/palgrave.crr.1550049 KEYWORDS: crisis communication; crisis man- agement; reputation INTRODUCTION Crises are taken as a threat to the organizational reputation. Crises damage the reputation and such changes can affect how stakeholders interact with the organization (Barton, 2001; Dowling, 2002). Postcrisis communication can be used to repair the reputation and/or prevent reputational damage (Coombs and Holladay, 2005). The field of crisis...
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...Carlos Brown 7/20/2014 Case Study Cisco has twelve offices in eight Middle East countries, employing more than 628 people. The company’s corporate social responsibility efforts have largely focused on education and economic development. Cisco has gained recognition for these activities including the U.S Secretary of State’s Award for Corporate Excellence in 2005 for it’s participation in the Jordan Education Initiative. Other significant examples of Cisco’s Middle East initiatives include a January 2008 announcement of a three-year, $10 million investment to seed a sustainable model for desperately needed job creation and economic development in the Palestinian territories. In Egypt, Cisco partnered with the World Economic Forum to create the Egypt Education Initiative, a trailblazing project that utilizes computer technology to help reform and improve educational standards in developing countries. Finally, in Lebanon, Cisco created a similar project called Partnership for Lebanon. The key strategic lessons learned from the PFL concerning the implementation and running of development programs that could be adopted by any senior manager were a strategic approach of giving back. That was an important part of Cisco. They felt that giving back was a core value of theirs. The article mentions “Giving back was a core value that permeated the entire Cisco culture, as well as collaboration and communication. Cisco’s corporate citizenship culture incorporated values of openness...
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...Occasional Paper 5 The Recovery of Trust: Case studies of organisational failures and trust repair BY GRAHAM DIETZ AND NICOLE GILLESPIE Published by the Institute of Business Ethics Occasional Paper 5 Authors Dr Graham Dietz is a Senior Lecturer in Human Resource Management and Organisational Behaviour at Durham University, UK. His research focuses on trust repair after organisational failures, as well as trust-building across cultures. Together with his co-author on this report, his most recent co-edited book is Organizational Trust: A cultural perspective (Cambridge University Press). Dr Nicole Gillespie is a Senior Lecturer in Management at the University of Queensland, Australia. Her research focuses on building, repairing and measuring trust in organisations and across cultural and professional boundaries. In addition, Nicole researches in the areas of leadership, teams and employee engagement. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the contact persons in the featured organisations for their comments on an earlier draft of this Paper. The IBE is particularly grateful to Severn Trent and BAE Systems for their support of this project. All rights reserved. To reproduce or transmit this book in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, please obtain prior permission in writing from the publisher. The Recovery of Trust: Case studies...
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...Occasional Paper 5 The Recovery of Trust: Case studies of organisational failures and trust repair BY GRAHAM DIETZ AND NICOLE GILLESPIE Published by the Institute of Business Ethics Occasional Paper 5 Authors Dr Graham Dietz is a Senior Lecturer in Human Resource Management and Organisational Behaviour at Durham University, UK. His research focuses on trust repair after organisational failures, as well as trust-building across cultures. Together with his co-author on this report, his most recent co-edited book is Organizational Trust: A cultural perspective (Cambridge University Press). Dr Nicole Gillespie is a Senior Lecturer in Management at the University of Queensland, Australia. Her research focuses on building, repairing and measuring trust in organisations and across cultural and professional boundaries. In addition, Nicole researches in the areas of leadership, teams and employee engagement. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the contact persons in the featured organisations for their comments on an earlier draft of this Paper. The IBE is particularly grateful to Severn Trent and BAE Systems for their support of this project. All rights reserved. To reproduce or transmit this book in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, please obtain prior permission in writing from the publisher. The Recovery of Trust: Case studies of organisational...
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...Effective Leadership Practices: Ted Turner Your Name Capella University Background Ted Turner who was born as Robert Edward Turner III, born on November 19, 1938 in Cincinnati, Ohio, is known as a media mogul, philanthropist, and billionaire two times over. It is well known from many sources that Teds’ father was abusive towards him, when he was young. His father who was bipolar killed himself in 1963, which led to Ted becoming president and CEO of Turner Advertising, which later he changed to Turner Broadcasting (Turner, The Biography.com web site, 2015). Later, Ted went on to create the Cable News Network (CNN), which first aired in 1980. With the profits from CNN, Ted purchased Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM). Continuing to grow his company, he later created Cartoon Network, Turner Network Television (TNT), and Turner Classic Movies (TCM). As the leader in television and the internet, Turner Broadcasting was sold to Time Warner for $7.5 billion dollars. Ted did continue to run Time Warner’s cable networks, this included Home Box Office (HBO) and America Online (AOL) leading him to be the media mogul he is known for today (Turner, The Biography.com web site, 2015). What is your chosen leader's definition of leadership? In an interview with Oprah 2015, Ted stated that in order to be a leader you have to be an expert in many areas. Ted is known to be an autocratic leader, very strict, does not share anything with his followers, and takes all the risks...
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