...innovation of the Greek phalanx, it was also the first time cavalry was intertwined with the combination of light infantry, slingers, archers, and javelin men. Phillip also built an admirable corps of engineers, which conducted research alongside sieges—produced weapons such as catapults and “ram tortoises,” battery rams mounted on protected carriers. The diversity of all these forces especially the coordination between infantry and horsemen was far beyond tactical capacity during their time. According to Parker, for more than twenty years (359-338) Phillip crafted a grand new army, supply, led, and organized quite differently from anything in past Greek practice. This was a unique military force that will eventually dominate the Greek city-states and later confronted the current superpower, the Persians. While the new face of the military is being forged, it is now being sustained and improved by logistical planning. According to Parker, soldiers during one summer campaign were ordered to carry thirty days’ provisions on his back. Well supplied soldiers with food, equipment, etc., is the only way to advance such a speedy conquest throughout the world. These bolster the long range of road marches that soldiers had to endure while fighting in multiple battles. The prolong Peloponnesian War severely weakened the Greek city-states. The vulnerability of the Greek city-states was the perfect timing for King Phillip to invade and conquer all of the Greek city-states. The...
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...The Greeks art has both political and religious context told by individuals who adopted or supported religious history and art with their spiritual, ethical, and intellectual experiences. I do think Greek art often represents events relevant to the Greek religion and politics. The religion and politics of art was threw sacred writings, pomes of Homer, religious festival, sculptures, shrines and temples, art works and paintings. Greek religion and political art had influence and spread far as west Spain, east to Indus river, and throughout the Mediterranean world. The romans identified their gods and or goddesses with those of the Greeks and surveying through the Christianity period as saints. The Greek religion was the belief in specific human...
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...uniqueness of the world we live in. Greece is a country of a great interests and diverse cultures. The Greeks are particularly proud of their culture and speak of their country with an intense passion, feeling that their Greek culture is a definition of their national and ethnic belonging. Traditions, religion, music, language, food and wines are the major composites of the Greek culture. Greek culture began in Greece located in the southeastern region of the European continent, on the far southern edge of the Balkan Peninsula. The country is well known for the thousands of islands. It is surrounded by mountains and in the north by water. The mountains, which surrounded Greece, gave them the advantage of being well protected. The Ionian and the Aegean seas, together with natural islands and bays, gave the Greeks the opportunity to develop their high level of commerce and their rich culture. They relied on the Aegean Sea for trade and supplies. The Greeks were introduced to many other cultures and they were exposed to western benefits of agriculture and various techniques of metalwork. In addition, they shared their culture with other countries as well. Western culture has learned a lot from the Greeks. Greece is one of the oldest civilizations in the world and the cradle of Western culture as we know it. The Greeks’ have made countless contributions that have made Greek Culture a part of western society in the areas of art, literature, philosophy, drama, architecture and politics...
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...3/13/2013 Humanities Dionysus, in Greek mythology is a god of wine and vegetation, who showed mortals how to cultivate grapevines and make wine. He was good and gentle to those who honored him, but he brought madness and destruction upon those who spurned him or the orgiastic rituals of his cult. The yearly rites in honor of the resurrection of Dionysus gradually evolved into the structured form of the Greek drama, and important festivals were held in honor of the god, during which great dramatic competitions were conducted. The most important festival, the greater Dionysia, was held in Athens for five days each spring. It was for this celebration that the Greek dramatists Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides wrote their great tragedies. Also, after the 5th century B.C. Dionysus was known to the Greeks as Bacchus. Dionysus is the son of Zeus and Semele. He is the only god to have a mortal parent. The birth of Dionysus began when Zeus came to Semele in the night, invisible felt only as a divine presence. Semele was pleased to be a lover of a god, even though she did not know which one. Word soon got around and Hera quickly assumed who was responsible. Hera went to Semele in disguise and convinced her that she should see her lover as he really was. When Zeus visited her again, she made him promise to grant her one wish. She went so far as to make him swear on the River Syx that he would grant her request. Zeus was madly in love and agreed. She then asked him to show her his true...
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...6/16/2013 Greeks • Center point Athens • Mountainous, hilly landscape • Made great philosophical contributions • No ruler over individual city states • Realistic sculptures and paintings • Women couldn’t be citizens • Prided themselves on philosophy and science • Democratic Both • Civilizations began with city states • Helped shape the Middle East • Made contributions to Middle East • Worked in mines • Agriculture main economic base • Similar social classes • Great builders • Worked slaves • Used currency Romans • Influenced other empires • Set laws and had ruler • Started militaries to back ruler • Flat landscape surrounded by mountains • Women could be citizens • Center point Rome • Known for military and engineering • Semi democratic The Greeks and Romans have lots of similarities. Both helped shape the Middle East, made great contributions to shape today’s world, had similar social classes, used currency, are known for their architecture, and both flourished with the beginning of city states. Some ways they differed though. The Greek landscape was mountainous and hilly, somewhat rough terrain while Roman cities sat in the valleys between the mountains giving them a little extra protection. The Romans unintentionally appointed a king or ruler that then set laws and was backed by a military where the Greeks governed each individual city state and sometimes war arose between the Greek city states. Greeks prided themselves...
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...AR 115 March 29, 2013 Greek Influences in Art The Greeks have had a prolonged effect on Western art. The statues and carvings, as well as their architecture, has withstood the test of time and cemented their place in history as the one of the most influential founders of modern art. All three of the periods in Greek history, Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic, have produced many marvels in the art world. Their methods of construction have been tried and true in withstanding thousands of years of destructive conflicts, wars, and weathering. The Kore and Korous, as well as the acropolis, are perfect examples of this. THREE PERIODS IN GREEK HISTORY The first period in Greek history is called the Archaic period. During this era, around the seventh century B.C., they produced naturalistic styles of pottery and statues that showed influences from Egypt as well as other Near East areas. The Kore and Korous were produced during this period. The Korous, a simple life size portrayal of a naked youthful man, was used as tributes to the male form. They were sculpted standing in a frontal pose with their left leg moved forward, their arms close to their bodies touching the side of their thighs. The high regard and admiration of the male form were perfectly portrayed in these sculptures. The Kore on the other hand were more basic and sculpted as clothed. The Kore was the clothed female version of the Korous. The statues were carved standing erect with their feet together...
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...How were the Greeks similar and different to the Hellenistic empire? The Greeks and the Hellenistic empire were similar in dependence on slave labor, where in Hellenic era, “ virtually every household had a few” (Sherman & Salisbury, 2013), and “every household had one or two domestic slaves, and most manufacturing and other labor was done by slaves” (Sherman & Salisbury, 2013), which in both eras, “it was customary to enslave losers in battle” (Sherman & Salisbury, 2013). On the other side, the differences could be found in the status of women living in either era. As the textbook suggests in the Greece chapter: “While respectable women stayed carefully indoors, some women – slaves or foreigners – who had no economic resources or family ties became prostitutes and courtesans who shared men’s public lives at dinners and drinking parties” (Sherman & Salisbury, 2013). The Hellenistic World chapter, “It suggests that women worked and earned money instead of staying carefully guarded within the home. It also shows a loosening of the tight family ties that had marked the Greek poleis and the ancient Middle East civilizations” (Sherman & Salisbury, 2013). Athens supposedly experienced “a developing democratic form of government… that allowed them to run and control the growing city” (Sherman & Salisbury, 2013), while during Hellenistic era, ”Society, economy, and politics all played out on a larger scale, and kings, rather than citizens, now ruled… It indicates people’s view of...
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...the pyramids built? How did Gods get associated with morality, as in breaching law became impiety? What was the oldest legal code of Hammurabi, the king of Babylon? What was the Babylonian contribution to the growth of man? How was the Babylonian knowledge inherited by Thales in the 6th century? Points Sudden rise of civilization in Greece Role of Egypt Babylon (both around 2000 B.C) and the island of Crete(Minoan culture), called Mycenaeans on the mainland Greece (till 900 B.C.) in the Greek philosophy The 3 waves Ionians, Achaeans and last the Dorians Maritime commerce led to the very early contributions to civilization from Greece Coinage – 700 B.C Phoenicians, like other inhabitants of Syria were exposed to influence of both Babylon and Egypt and they held supremacy in maritime commerce till rise of Greek cities if Ionia, Italy and Sicily. Greek may have learned to write from the Phoenicians and added vowels. First notable intellectual product – Homer-ancient Greek epic poet of Iliad and the Odyssey,(8th century B.C.), ( product of Ionia), Confucius, Buddha and Zoroaster were probably from the same time, Homer wasn’t very religious, Gods completely human, represents a civilized aristocracy which ignores as plebeian various superstitions that are still rampant among the populace. Primitive religion was tribal rather than personal Greece was divided into a large no. of states and they had varied levels of civilization Sparta – culturally poor, great men ...
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...Based on the representations shown in Discovering the Global Past, chapter three, the Greek and Egyptian cultures both value strong men, and women who needed their men. However, one difference that the Egyptians and Greeks have in their values is simplicity. The Egyptians favored elaborateness and the Greeks preferred simplicity. Both the Greek and Egyptian cultures value strength in their men. The images of the Greek men show these men in the prime of their abilities. The well muscled bodies depicted in the images show vitality and power that men in their prime have. The image "Theseus and the Amazons" shows strong and militarily powerful men defeating the Amazons. Competition of any kind, athletic or militaristic, was a way for men to prove themselves in Greek society. If a man showed arete he had honor (Burger, 49). Because of the Greek's chase of arete, men had to be strong both physically and intellectually in order to win. When Greek artists depicted men, the only men worthy to make art of were strong men with arete, so looking at the Greek culture, strong men were valued. The Egyptian images two and three show powerful men as well. In image two, showing Nebamum hunting, Nebamum is larger than his wife and servant. He is also closer to the foreground of the image with the other two in the background. Another instance of the man being larger and more forward is with image three. King Ramesses II is much larger than his wife, with Nefertari only coming up to his...
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...University Topic of Cultural Studies June 10, 2012 Abstract This paper compares and contrasts the Greek and Roman Cultures. These are the different kinds of Greek columns that were used in there arhecture. The Doric column has no base at the bottom where the Ionic does to give more stability. This is roman art it depicts the realistic image of the person but used for more decorations than anything. This is Greek Art it portrays the same as the Roman’s Topic | Greek | Roman | Government | Ruled by aristocrats in a democracy setting. | Had a monarchy ruled by kings then adapt a mixed government around c.509 b.c. | Geographical Terrain | Hilly countryside that was near water | More inland near two mountain ranges the Alps to the north and the Apennine to the East. Stayed on one side of the Tibet River | Economics | Main wheat harvest then started wine and olive oil | Main focus was wine and olive oil but also participated in trade | Art | Was big and beautiful focus on artistic forms, | Realistic mainly for decoration copied a lot from the Greeks in the way it was portrayed | Architecture | Had two different types of columns they use 1.) Doric 2.) Ionic one had a base the other did not | Copied from the Greeks mostly | Religion | Worshipped many gods and felt that the gods had many human characteristics | Same as the Greeks | | | | References Culture and Society. (2012). Retrieved from Http://www.ancientgreece.com/s/cuture/ ...
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...The Persians vs. The Greeks The Persians and the Greeks were around during the same time period. They were both near theMediterranean Sea, which allowed them to have similar qualities in their empire. The Greeks andPersians also had differences, such as the Persians had the Royal Road. These two important empireshave similarities and differences between the clothes they wore, the food they ate, and their writingsystems. A normal Greek citizen wore long tunics, cloaks, either sandals or boots, occasionally shawlsfor the women, and hats for the men. Their clothes would usually be made out of bedding and verycolorful and decorative. A typical Persian citizen would wear long tunics, cloaks, occasionally womenwore bonnets and their shoes were pointed. Their clothes would typically be out of wool or silk.Similarites between the two were that they wore long tunics and cloaks, and they also both wore shoesinstead of going barefoot. Differences between the two are that in Greece the shoes were sandals andboots and the Persians had pointed shoes. Also, Women occasionally wore shawls and men wore hats inGreece while in Persia women occasionally wore bonnets. The fabric out of which the clothes weremade was also different. Going into food, there are also similarities and differences. The Greeks ate fish, wheat products,and olives. Also, the Greeks did not eat meat unless killed in wild or sacrificed to gods. The empire ofGreece was not the best for trade because they had mountains and bad...
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...Greek Culture In ancient Greece, the polytheistic religion practiced in the form of cult practices. Different cities worshipped different gods for example: Athens had Athena; Sparta had Artemis; Corinth worshipped Aphrodite; Delphi and Delos had Apollo; Olympia had Zeus. Zeus de-throned his father Cronus and Zeus banished Cronus with the Titans that fought with Cronus. Titans were also known as the elder gods. They ruled the earth before the Olympians overthrew them. The 12 Olympians were: Zeus, Poseidon, Hades, Hestia, Hera, Ares, Athena, Apollo, Aphrodite, Hermes, Artemis, and Hephaestus. The other gods were: Asclepius, Demeter, Persephone, Dionysus, Eros, Hebe, Eris, Helius, Thanatos, Pan, Nemesis, The Graces, The Muses, The Erinyes, and The Fates. The Greek religion spans a period from Minoan and Mycenean periods to the days of Hellenistic Greece and its ultimate conquest by the Roman Empire. The religious ideas developed and evolved over the course of history. By the time of the earliest major monument of Greek literature, the lliad attributed to Homer, a consensus had developed with respect to the major Olympian gods. The lliad seems to have been unaware of Dionysus, a god whose worship spread after it was written and who later became important enough to be named one of the 12 chief Olympian gods. The Olympian gods, also known as Heroes, were demigods. They were deified humans who were part of local legendary history; they also had local hero-cults, and often served...
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...Greek Mythology Intro Greek mythology is the myths and legends the ancient Greeks centered their lives around. The ancient Greeks used these myths to explain the events and components of the world around them. Their religion included gods and heroes, creation stories, and the origins of their civilizations and rituals. It is topic that had been studied and examined in great depth for thousands of years. This fascinating religion's messages and influences are reflected in today’s modern society, and many similarities can be found between Greek mythology and modern religions, such as Christianity. The twelve Olympian Gods and their Myths To begin with, many of the beliefs that the Ancient Greeks believed in were based on the Olympians. The Olympians were a group of twelve gods who ruled after they overthrew the Titans. All of the Olympians are related in some way and they were named after their dwelling, Mount Olympus. The three major gods are Zeus, Poseidon, and Hades. Their father, Kronos, was the leader of the Titans, he was cruel and was so determined not to lose his throne that he ate his children alive. But one child, Zeus was spared because his mother, Rhea, fed Krono’s a rock disguised as a baby instead of Zeus himself. Zeus defeated his father by chopping him up into little pieces and scattering his remains across the world. Then Zeus released all of Krono’s children that his father had eaten. These gods were Poseidon, Hades, Hestia, Demeter, and...
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...1. Introduction: Greek mythology is the body of myths and legends belonging to the ancient Greeks, concerning their gods and heroes, the nature of the world, and the origins and significance of their own cult and ritual practices. They were a part of religion in ancient Greece and are part of religion in modern Greece and around the world as Hellenisms. Greek mythology is known and learned everywhere around the world. A lot of people refer to everything that is happening in the world such as fire, light, water to the Greek mythology. The Greek mythology not only includes myths, but it also includes a lot of details of the lives and adventures of a wide variety of gods, goddesses, heroes, heroines, demigods, monsters and other mythological creatures. Greek mythology has exerted an extensive influence on the culture, the arts, and the literature of more than one civilization. Poets and artists from ancient times to the present have derived inspiration from Greek mythology and have discovered contemporary significance and relevance in these mythological themes. Also, beside gods and myths there are the two world-known epic poems The Iliad and Odyssey, that focus on events surrounding the Trojan War. Before entering upon the many strange beliefs of the ancient Greeks and the extraordinary number of gods they worshipped, first I would like to show what kind of beings these divinities were. Then I will tell the stories of some of the most famous gods that have left a mark...
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...In this research paper, I will examine how Greek education, Greek lifestyles, and Roman ideologies apply to understanding the founders of our nation. To create the foundation for American democracy today, our founders utilized their knowledge of the classics to formulate ideas create and create effective communication. Starting from the as young as the age of eight, our founders began Greek classical condition in order to be able to recite pieces of work for college admission (F.1, 2). These pieces of literature included Greek works such from Isocrates, Homer, Xenophon and the Greek New Testament (F. 2). Because grammar masters focused little else besides literature, teachers “required young scholars to display their knowledge of Latin and...
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