...the very document, The Treaty of Versailles,(that was drawn up to officially end the war) that created the atmosphere for a Second World War to occur. The treaty had many weaknesses such as the war guilt clause, the required demilitarization of Germany, the loss of colonies for Germany, unrealistic reparations amounts for Germany and the overall desire by some allied nations to punish Germany all contributed to an unstable situation in Europe. The war guilt clause required Germany to accept sole responsibility for the war. In other words, all the lives lost, all the damages, and all the grief that resulted from World War I was Germany’s fault. The Treaty of Versailles states that no countries were responsible for the Great War, except Germany. The document is not true, because the ideas of imperialism, militarism, nationalism, and the Alliance System started the war. The war...
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...to serve on the jury. The jury had been given the authority to judge the facts of the case, and them apply the law that was given by the judge to those facts, and render a verdict of guilty or not guilty. During the jury trial, the accused person will be represented either by a paid lawyer of his or her choice or by a court-appointed one. During the trial it is solely upon the prosecution to prove the guilt of the accused person, and it is up to the accused person and his representation to rebut the information the prosecution presents. When the jury has heard all of the evidence against the accused person, they will decide on whether the person is guilty or not guilty. If the accused person is found guilty by the jury, he or she will be sentenced according to the law. If the accused person is found not guilty by the jury, he or she will be able to return back into society as a free person. As we can see, due process has changed our justice system from... The Due Process Clause requires “due process”-basic procedural rights- and protects substantive rights. Procedural rights are rights that dictate how the government can legally take away a person’s freedom, property, or life. Moreover, substantive rights secure individual’s basic rights as stated in the Fifth Amendment and Fourteenth Amendment. The Fifth Amendment applies to the federal government whereas the Fourteenth Amendment applies to the states. The right to due process, as stated in the Fifth and Fourteenth...
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...interference in the rights of the public was criminal. At one-time country laws were absent in regards to privacy matters. The government had limitless control to stop, investigate, and interrogate any person of their choosing in a group without any noticeable cause to do so. Harassment from a person of higher authorities was commonplace and the typical resident had no opportunity to stop unjustifiable searches and seizures. Today, the fourth amendment safeguards the general public from superfluous governmental actions. As a result, it compel the government to follow a reasonable standard when it extend to the privacy and the idea that a person is innocent until guilty confirmed, and privacy is vital until realistic suspicion put forward that guilt has been publicized. Powers of the Federal Government vs. the State Government The Constitution outlines and confines the authority of the federal government, identifies the connection between the federal government and separate state governments, as well as guarantees the constitutional rights of the people of the United States. Articles I to Articles VI in the Constitution basically describe federal powers and place some boundaries on state powers. For instance, the federal government possesses the power to declare war, make money, govern Indian tribes, and raise armies and the navy. With regard to the federal court system the United States Supreme Court was purposely identify in the Constitution, but Congress was given power to create...
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...Constitution)." In Stack v. Boyle, the Supreme Court first announced that "[b]ail set at a figure higher than an amount reasonably calculated [ensure the accused's presence in court] is 'excessive' under the Eighth Amendment (Woodruff, 2013)." Since this announcement, the much-continued debate surrounding the Excessive Bail Clause has been largely focused on whether the Clause binds only the courts or Congress as well, and whether it creates any substantive right to bail (Woodruff, 2013)." According to United States v. Salerno, the only Supreme Court case that specifically addresses pretrial preventive restraint (Mayson, 2018), it was subsequently held by the Supreme Court the Bail Clause is the Government's only arguable substantive limitation that the proposed conditions of release or detention should not be 'excessive' in light of the perceived evil. Therefore, the clause would only bind the courts and leave Congress free to determine what offenses are bailable. Since the Salerno case, there has been little written in reference to the clause, therefore making it seem as if it has been abandoned as a meaningful source of law...
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...government. obligations. what government must do. The federal constitution provided such rights as representation in Congress (article 1 section 2) established who can serve in congress and become president and guaranted the privilege of habeas corpus for all people (article 1 section2). The Contstitution banned the importation of slaves after 1808, but permitted the practice of slavery to continue. Dred Scott v. Sandford, supreme court ruled that a former slave was not a citized under Missouri law, could not bring suit in cort, and was his master's personal property. slavery could not be excluded from the territories. helped provoke Civil War. Equal protection clause; aa quest for civil rights in turn inspired other groups to seek new laws and constitutional guarantees of their civil rights. aided by the simplicity of the clause, guarantees to any person. Amendment 1; limits on congress Amendments 2,3,4; Amendments 5,6,7,8; limits on judiciary. Amendments 9,10; limits on the national government. The bill of rights did not become a vital instrument for the extension of civil liberties for anyone until after a civil war and 14the amendment intervened. Strict scrutiny; the most stringent standard of judicial review of a government's actions in which the government must show that the law serves a compelling state interest. given a jump star in 1954 by brown v. boe. Exclusionary rule; the ability of courts to exclude evidence obtained in violation of the fourth amendment. Miranda...
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...hypocrite. Imagine being the parent that gave birth to a “demon.” Nathaniel Hawthorne depicts these situations in The Scarlett Letter. He utilizes Arthur Dimmesdale and Hester Prynne, to demonstrate how owning one’s sin can positively impact one physically or mentally. Dimmesdale commits a sin by impregnating Hester. Unlike Hester, Dimmesdale never openly admits to his mistake. He copes with the guilt of sin aggressively, striking and whipping himself. Hester, on the other hand, handles the situation by doing charity work and being productive despite the criticism she receives for her previous actions. However, Hester is affected mentally more than she is physically. Before showing the difference between Hester and Dimmesdale, Hawthorne attempts to put them both on the same ground so they can be compared. He does this by making them both involved in the same crime. However, it is impossible to make both characters equal. Hester lived in the outskirts of town as a seamstress...
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...happening again. "Germany expected a treaty based on these fourteen points. However, negotiations between the 'big four' Lloyd George of England, Orlando of Italy, Clemenceau of France and Woodrow Wilson of America did not go smoothly. Wilson believed that his fourteen points was the only way to secure everlasting peace. The French however, wanted the defeated nations to be punished severely and believed Wilson's plan too lenient. Privately Lloyd George sided with Wilson although he was concerned about the threat from Communism, however, the British public, like Clemenceau, wanted Germany punished severely. Lloyd George knew that if he sided with Wilson he would lose the next election...." General Clauses of the treaty. The establishment of the League of Nations War Guilt clause - Germany to accept blame for starting...
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...It says that Germany agrees with this, when they were actually forced to sign it. This infuriated the Germans. In Moyer’s book, Victory Must Be Ours: Germany in the Great War 1914-1918, it says that the Germans were forced to sign this treaty which they did not want to and they felt disgraced, and when Hitler came a long and gave his ideas. Germans had much exaltation for the Nazi regime , which restored a sense of pride and self-respect. This evidence supports the idea that by using “war guilt” to make Germany feel bad it helped cause World War II because it infuriated Germans and made feel humiliated, and when Hitler came and restored the country's pride it made Germans support him. There were many reasons the Versailles Treaty upset Germany and therefore contributed to World War II. However the most important reason was other countries blaming Germany for the war. It made Germans get discomfit, making the Nazi regime sound very good, thus causing support to Hitler, which caused World War II. Hitler once said, “All great movements are popular movements. They are the volcanic eruptions of human passions and emotions, stirred into activity by the ruthless Goddess of Distress or by the torch of the spoken word cast into the midst...
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...Within the 5th Amendment of the Constitution of the United States, there is a clause that states no one shall be “deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law.” Later, in 1868 Congress ratified the 14th Amendment to include those same words, but with one exception. The exception would be to apply those words directly to the individual states. Furthermore, this would be the only time in the entire Constitution that a command was listed twice (Cornell, n.d.). The 14th Amendment was introduced after the civil war, where the nation was thought to be a Union with one federal government. The 14th Amendment is an essential instrument in imposing these freedoms to the southern states to bring together the nation under unified laws...
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...Confusion statute is constitutional, provisions of the U.S. Constitution applied to determine validity, the outcome, and the stages of the civil suit are considered in this case. Court Jurisdiction and Confusion Statute * The first order of operations is to determine what court will have jurisdiction over Tanya’s suit and why. Jurisdiction refers to which state or court system has the power to oversee litigations with regard to a court case (Butera, 2012). When determining jurisdiction the court must consider three main components (Criminal Law Lawyer Source, 2012). The components are the people involved, the subject matter and in personam, and the type of decision the court can administer, such as innocence, or guilt. Subject matter conveys to a court’s authority to choose a specific class of case. Personal jurisdiction relates to the power of a court to see...
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...and even caused for the involvement of the secretary of the army and congress. DIAGNOSIS- The cause of the problem stems from the vagueness of the Honor Code. The Honor Code simply states: “A cadet will not lie, cheat, or steal nor tolerate those who do.” The fact the Honor Code has a toleration clause makes the system code extremely difficult to enforce. The dilemma that Lt. General Berry, the Superintendent, had was whether to use the Code as a determination of guilt of the cadets or a more detailed and systematic method. During the case some of the accused cadets begin to write affidavits implementing their fellow classmates. They pointed out specific incidents of other cadets lying, cheating, and stealing. If the Honor Code does not allow toleration then that would mean that the other cadets would have to be tried for the violations of the code as well. THEORY- The theory that applies to this case is personal accountability. One of the things that really stuck out about the case, in my opinion, is the affidavits from the accused cadets. After they got caught, they wanted to tell things that they should have told from the beginning, according to the Honor Code’s toleration clause. I think that the cadets that got caught should have taken responsibility for their own actions and accepted the consequences. Only if the cadet knew that they...
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...extradition court Held: Yes. In a unanimous decision, the SC remanded to the Manila RTC, to determine whether Juan Muñoz is entitled to bail on the basis of “clear and convincing evidence.” If Muñoz is not entitled to such, the trial court should order the cancellation of his bail bond and his immediate detention; and thereafter, conduct the extradition proceedings with dispatch. “If bail can be granted in deportation cases, we see no justification why it should not also be allowed in extradition cases. Likewise, considering that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights applies to deportation cases, there is no reason why it cannot be invoked in extradition cases. After all, both are administrative proceeding where the innocence or guilt of the person detained is not in issue,” the Court said. Citing the various international treaties...
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...It also clearly stated who was banned from doing those activities and therefore was not overly broad. This was applied to Carl M. Miles, et al. v. City Council of Augusta, Georgia, et al. because as in Broadrick, et al. v. Oklahoma et al. the Georgia ordnance had a catch all clause that intended to cover all businesses not formally mentioned in the ordnance. The court determined this catch all clause was valid because it would have been impossible to specify every occupation. The court also found that it was clear the ordnance was for taxing businesses that “derive income from the practice of that occupation.” The Plaintiff’s had in previous states attempted to obtain business licenses for “Blackie” but were never required. For all these reasons the court determined that Blackie was a source of income for the Plaintiff’s and required a business license under the law in...
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...Also, in order to weaken Germany, territory was taken from Germany and given to other countries, or used to create new countries. These terms of peace left Germany impoverished and its people angry. Hitler’s inevitable rise to power was a direct result of the reparations, war guilt, and loss of territory demanded by the Treaty...
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...LegalCrystal - Indian Law Search Engine - www.legalcrystal.com Gujarat Steel Tubes Ltd. and Ors. Vs. Gujarat Steel Tubes Mazdoor Sabha and Ors. LegalCrystal Citation : legalcrystal.com/655678 Court : Supreme Decided On : 1979-11-19 Reported in : AIR1980SC1896; (1980)ILLJ137SC; (1980)2SCC593; [1980]2SCR146 Judge : A.D. Koshal,; D.A. Desai and; V.R. Krishna Iyer, JJ. Acts : Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946; Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 - Sections 10A, 11 and 11A Appeal No. : Civil Appeal Nos. 1212, 2089 and 2237 of 1978 Appellant : Gujarat Steel Tubes Ltd. and Ors. Respondent : Gujarat Steel Tubes Mazdoor Sabha and Ors. Advocate for Pet/Ap. : V.M. Tarkunde and; Y.S. Chitale, Advs Excerpt : [A.D. Koshal,; D.A. Desai and; V.R. Krishna Iyer, JJ.] The appellant manufactures steel tubes in the outskirts of Ahmedabad city. It started its business in 1960, went into production since 1964 and waggled from infancy to adulthood with smiling profits and growling workers, punctuated by smouldering demands, strikes and settlement until there brewed a confrontation culminating in a head-on collision following upon certain unhappy happenings. A total strike ensued whose chain reaction was a whole-sale termination of all employees followed by fresh recruitment of workmen defacto breakdown of the strike and dispute over restoration of the removed workmen. As per the last settlement between the management and the workmen of 4th August, 1972, it was not open to the workmen to resort...
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