...Civilizations: a. Egypt b. Nubia c. Ghana d. Kush 3. The first African-American Studies program was established at: a. San Diego State b. Harvard c. Berkeley d. San Francisco State 4. Denmark Vesey slave conspiracy took place in a. Connecticut b. Virginia c. South Carolina d. Louisiana 5. Oludah Equiano was the first African-American to a. Write his autobiography b. Escape from Slavery c. Purchase his freedom d. Killed trying to escape 6. The first African-American Heavyweight Champion a. Booker Washington b. John L Sullivan c. Jim Jefferies d. Jack Johnson 7. This author of A Tradition of Myths and Stereotypes: a. Joseph Harris b. Edith Sanders c. Eric Williams d. Walter Rodney 8. How many Africans were brought to the New World during the Atlantic Slave Trade according to Phillip Cutain; a. 60-100 million b. 9-11.5 million c. 3 million d. 57 million 9. “Chattel” was the term used to refer: a. slaves b. property c. real estate d. money 10. The legal process used by some Northern states to eliminate slavery: a. emancipation day b. freedom summer c. gradual emancipation d. emancipation proclamation ...
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...Abolition and the Lasting Effects in East Africa Unlike the Atlantic world, slavery in East Africa looked a little different. Slavery in Africa portrayed a complex use of labor, the exercise of rights in person, and of exploitation and coercion tempered by negotiation and accommodation. However the most common features on slavery in East Africa is the fact that it varies overtime and place. For instance, according to Miers and Roberts, “Slaves might be menial field workers, downtrodden servants, cherished concubines, surrogate kin, trusted trading agents, high officials, army commanders, ostracized social group dedicated to a deity…( 5). Perhaps the largest difference between slavery in East Africa versus slavery in the Atlantic world or the new world was the people who regulated slave trade. It is popularly known in African history that the British, French, Germans and the Spaniards played significant roles in the extrapolation of African people and their resources in the slave trade and, later, colonialism. However in East Africa, those who were in power were the Arab who, similar to the European colonial powers, found Africa to be abundant in profitable resources and sought to acquire the resources through free and forced slave labor in East Africa. Much like their European counterparts, the Arabs conducted slavery in the same repressive manner. In defining slavery, Frederick Cooper, in his book “Plantation Slavery on the East Coast of Africa” writes, “When comparing slavery in...
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...Paper Submitted to: Marie Anne Balanni English Teacher Submitted by: Nikka Ocampo Student INTRODUCTION Why most people in the ancient times are slave victims? Why do slavery happens in the past? This is what I wanted to discover in my research. When we talk of slavery, it refers to a condition in which individuals are owned by others, who control where they live and at what they work. Slavery had previously existed throughout history, in many times and most places. The ancient Greeks, the Romans, Incas and Aztecs all had slaves. To be a slave is to be owned by another person. A slave is a human being classed as property and who is forced to work for nothing. Andrea Levys’ novel entitled “The Lost Song” and Edward T. Jones’ “The Known World” revealed to us the plight of being a slave rooted from their ancestral family and own personal experience as a slave. The two books have the same plot that unraveled the world of human existence happened in 19th century where forced labor centered in the sugar cane plantation. The main characters have a slight difference because the first one is directly the slave victim and the latter is born slave but became a slaver, owning a slave he bought. The Lost Song is set in the time of slavery and it is a story about a person’s life and the times they lived through. July a black house slave, is the main character that tells her own story. It features her mother, her father, her owner, her lover, her children. It’s the story of her life lived...
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...struggle for independence. The author will also touch on, language distribution and how it crosses over to one or more geographic regions. The author will also explain how the colonial period affected the cultural patterns of the selected country or area and how religion affected the culture, including the language and religious changes that occurred within Mozambique’s culture. * Before the visit by Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama in 1498, coastal East Africa was occupied by the Zenj and the city-states was ruled by Arabs. The Zenj established agricultural communities and societies that primarily herded cattle. The Zenj brought with them technology for iron making, and used this skill to make weapons for the conquest of their neighboring civilizations. The Zenj built cities in Mozambique during the Middle Ages (5th to the 16th century) but were not built to stand the test of time, so there are very few remains left of these medieval cities, for example the trading port Sofala. Nevertheless, several Swahili trade ports were along the coast of Mozambique before the migration of Arabs and the colonization of the Portuguese, which had been trading with...
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...The Colonial Brazil is called historical period ranging from the arrival of the first Europeans in 1500, until independence in 1822. In this period, Brazil was under the political domination of Portugal. The Portuguese colonization of America began motivated by economic and strategic reasons. On the one hand because of the economic decline of profits in the trade with the East and the commercial possibilities Brazil tree, the bark of which produced a red dye used for dyeing textiles. And among the strategic reasons, the main one was fighting Spanish or French ambitions in this area. Eventually, France and Holland won some strategic regions such as the island of Sao Luis, the cities of Rio de Janeiro and Recife, and part of the states of Pernambuco , Paraíba and Alagoas. In 1530, the Portuguese crown expelled the French who surrounded the coast of Brazil , as were lands belonging to Portugal since 1500. In 1533, King of Portugal, Joao III divided the territory of Brazil in 13 stripes or captaincies , 150 miles wide each, what influenced the privacy of Portuguese colonization . These captaincies were distributed or granted to Portuguese nobles hereditary for life... The nobles who received them committed to evangelize the natives, settlers recruit and develop economically the captaincy. The territory to be established in Brazil was deeply marked by slavery in the era of European colonization. The boundaries between Spain and Portugal were established in 1492 shortly after Spain...
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...pity and shame, to thoughts of whips and families being torn apart. Slave traders only wanted to make a buck. However one word, one thought, one feeling could suffice, one word, horror. The horrors of slavery were illustrated in many different ways. It was shown through the laws the black slaves had to follow, the conditions the slaves had to go through to get to the states on the Veloz, and the different rolls the different states played in slavery, when slavery first began, and the going price a landowner would usually have pay to get slaves. Laws made things very difficult for the black slaves, they had to follow all the laws or they would be sentenced to death. In 1734, a black slave named Marie Joseph Angelique, from Canada, objected to slavery and she revolted. She burned down her owner’s home in Montreal in protest. The fire spread more than planned and eventually destroyed 46 buildings. She was sentenced to have her hands cut off and be burned alive but the sentence was reduced on appeal to a simple hanging. The United States Constitution adopted prohibiting the importation of slaves after 1808. Approximately 250,000 slaves were imported illegally until 1860. This declared that each slave was to be at least three fifths of one white or free person. This was called the three fifths clause and demanded the return of fugitive slaves to their masters. There was also a law that stated that black slaves could not be in groups any bigger than five. If they were in a group...
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...Rastafarianism The Rastafari movement grew out of the darkest depression that the descendants of African slaves in Jamaica have ever lived in. Out of this filth and slime arose a sentiment so pure, so without anger, so full of love, the philosophy of the Rastafari faith. Freedom of spirit, freedom from slavery, and freedom of Africa, was its cry. I believe that Rastafarianism, or Rasta, is a true religion because it comes with a historic background, it sets standards for it’s believers, and a simple philosophy. Rastafarianism is a religious movement native to the island of Jamaica. There are different groups of Rastafarians, each with its own ideas. But basically they all agree on one thing, that the late emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia was the reincarnation of Jesus Christ. Rastafarians can associate themselves in groups one being Creation Heights. They viewed themselves as part of creation, just as the animals and plants are. Lightning, thunder, and other natural phenomena are viewed by them with awe, as though God were speaking. Rastafarianism, like any religion, comes with set standards that their believers should follow. They refuse to eat meat, fish, or anything of that sort, the idea being that these things die and rot, and so would those who eat them. On the other hand, vegetables, such as spinach, keep growing after their stalks are cut. So those who feed on such things have the potential for everlasting life, they think. They did not use plates or cups, cleaned-out...
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...reached new heights and learned numerous amount of things. This was all from the Native Americans which it would be a very surprising thing fact for some historians today. There were many colonies, which were called Middle Colonies The pilgrims came about 1620 around this time to the New World or in Jamestown. In 1720 there were about 2 million people were working around in Britain’s 13 colonies. This was probably because of the assistance of native Americans....
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... Pennsylvania, and New Jersey were known as the “bread colonies,” because of how much grain they exported. Their forests served as sources for shipbuilding and lumber and the rivers and harbors stimulated commerce and growth in seaports. The landholdings of the middle colonies were intermediate in size, local government was in between personalized town meetings and diffused county government, and the population was extremely ethnically mixed with an unusual degree of religious toleration and democratic control. Because of easily acquirable land, a large amount of social and economic democracy prevailed in the middle colonies. The South was a plantation based economy with a strong aristocratic atmosphere where owners lorded over black slaves. They were devoted to exporting agricultural products such as tobacco and rice. In all of the plantation colonies, there was slavery. The scattering of plantations slowed urbanization and made establishing schools and churches difficult. The South allowed for a small amount of religious toleration, the Church of England became the ruling faith, and the colonies were somewhat...
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...Reader, J. (2004). War, Greece and Rome. In, Cities. (pp.51-67 & 310-311 ; Figures : 22-41). London : William Heinemenann. 5 WaJ; Greece and Rome An adequate and reliable food supply is the first priority of every -city - a priority handled so efficiently· in the modern world that we take it for granted. Ancient cities, contending with the vagaries of climate and problems of transport, were not so fortunate. Securing the food supply pushed cities into war and conquest, but also inspired significant advances in farming, transport and government. Sumer can claim a number of important firsts in world history - the first cities, the first irrigated agriculture, the first civilisations, the first written language - and the influence of these is with us still (not least in that every passing minute, every hour acknowledges the Sumerians' sexagesimal system of numeration), but there is one first that humanity might have preferred to do without: warfare. Warfare itself did not provoke the establishment of cities generally (see pp. II-I2) , and there is certainly nothing to suggest that warfare inspired the foundation of Sumer's earliest cities, but there is plenty of evidence indicating that, once established, cities and the fruits of civilisation became important factors in the development of military power. The story of Sumer persuasively suggests that the advent of organised warfare probably began as the growing populations and falling agricultural production described at...
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...Chapter 1 Who were the first known humans and which time periods/territories did they cover? The earliest human-like creatures were known as hominids and lived in Africa about three or four million years ago. They were known as “southern ape-men”, having flourished in eastern and southern Africa. The Australopithecines were the first hominids that made simple stone tools to hunt or defend themselves, existing about two to four million years ago. These early human-like creatures were bipedal, meaning they walked upright on two legs, enabling them to make journeys on foot. In 1959, a new form of hominid was discovered in Africa labeled the Homo habilis or “handy human”. These hominids were believed to have a brain fifty percent larger than that of the Australopithecines. This allowed them to become more sophisticated in finding food and hunting in Africa. The emergence of the Homo Erectus began about 1.5 million years ago. The Homo Erectus were the first hominid to migrate to Europe and Asia from Africa. Describe the...
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...Locating world history in the environment and time 1. Environment 1. Geography and climate: Interaction of geography and climate with the development of human society a. Five Themes of Geography – consider these 1. Relative location – location compared to others 2. Physical characteristics – climate, vegetation and human characteristics 3. Human/environment interaction – how do humans interact/alter environ a. Leads to change 4. Movement – peoples, goods, ideas among/between groups 5. Regions – cultural/physical characteristics in common with surrounding areas b. E. Africa first people – 750,000 years ago started to move 1. moving in search of food c. Role of Climate – End of Ice Age 12000 BCE – large areas of N. America, Europe, Asia became habitable – big game hunters already migrated 1. Geographical changes - 3000 BCE Green Sahara began to dry up, seeds to forests – N. America 2. Effect on humans – nomadic hunters didn’t move so much a. Settle near abundant plant life – beginning of civilization b. Sedentary life w/ dependable food supply 3. milder conditions, warmer temperatures, higher ocean levels 2. Demography: Major population changes resulting from...
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...contributed little to world civilization is one which many in the West have for a long time assumed and taken for granted. Thanks in part to depictions of Africa which rarely extend past civil wars, famine and the primitive; information about Africa’s past advances and accomplishments have continued to remain obscure and little known. Since first contact between Europe and Africa the history of Africa has been fundamentally dominated by the way Europeans have portrayed themselves in relationship to that continent. So that most of what we read and see about Africa tends to say -- either directly or indirectly -- more about the history of European colonialism and its biases toward Africa than it does about the real Africa and its people (see Ahmad, 1987). The majority of people today of all backgrounds, including those of African ancestry, tend to know little about Africa and its history outside of the transatlantic slave trade and perhaps colonialism. While even in these instances knowledge about these events can be at times, limited. The African continent is too often conceived of as one with no legitimate history before contact with Europeans. Formal anthropological research is now showing that this notion could not be further from the truth. In the bible Ham's sons are believed to have fathered the peoples of Africa. Of Ham's four sons, Canaan, fathered the Canaanites, while Mizraim fathered the Egyptians, Cush the Cushites and Phut the "Libyans". Nimrod, the Grandson...
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...Global Travel and Trade The African Cultural Heritage West African Kingdoms The Europeans in Africa Native American Cultures Maya Civilization The Empires of the Incas and the Aztecs The Spanish in the Americas and the Aftermath of Their Conquest The Impact of Technology Christian Humanism and the Northern Renaissance Luther and the Protestant Reformation The Spread of Protestantism The Catholic Reformation 2 WESTERN CIVILIZATIONS The French Revolution Napoleon Bonaparte The Industrial Revolution Advancing Industrialism Colonialism China and the West Social and Economic Realities Nineteenth-Century Social Theory: conservatism, liberalism & socialism The Radical View of Marx and Engels Picasso and the Birth of Cubism Futurism, Fauvism and Non Objective Art The Birth of Motion Pictures Freud and the Psyche Total War and Totalitarianism The First World War The Russian Revolution Nazi Totalitarianism The Second World War Identity and Liberation: Gandhi, Martin Luther King and Malcolm X 3 WESTERN CIVILIZATIONS The Black Death The most devastating natural catastrophe of the early modern era was the bubonic plague, which hit Europe in 1347 and destroyed one third to one half of its population within less than a century. Originating in Asia and spread by the Mongol tribes that dominated that vast area, the disease devastated China and the Middle East, interrupting long-distance trade and crossnatural encounters...
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...Bottom of the Drink They had to go. The Coke machine, the snack machine, the deep fryer. Hoisted and dragged through the halls and out to the curb, they sat with other trash beneath gray, forlorn skies behind Kirkpatrick Elementary, one of a handful of primary schools in Clarksdale, Mississippi. That was seven years ago, when administrators first recognized the magnitude of the problem. Clarksdale, a storied delta town that gave us the golden age of the Delta blues, its cotton fields and flatlands rolling to the river, its Victorian mansions still beautiful, is at the center of a colossal American health crisis. High rates of obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease: the legacy, some experts say, of sugar, a crop that brought the ancestors of most Clarksdale residents to this hemisphere in chains. “We knew we had to do something,” Kirkpatrick principal SuzAnne Walton told me. Walton, Clarksdale born and bred, was leading me through the school, discussing ways the faculty is trying to help students—baked instead of fried, fruit instead of candy—most of whom have two meals a day in the lunchroom. She was wearing scrubs—standard Monday dress for teachers, to reinforce the school’s commitment to health and wellness. The student body is 91 percent African American, 7 percent white, “and three Latinos”—the remaining 2 percent. “These kids eat what they’re given, and too often it’s the sweetest, cheapest foods: cakes, creams, candy. It had to change. It was about the...
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