...Running head: The High-Middle Ages The High-Middle Ages xx xx World Civilization HIS-109 xx February xx,xxxx The High-Middle Ages This paper includes a few major events in the history of the High-Middle Ages; An era with war and conflict from Asia all the way to Europe and beyond. Peace and war continued throughout the High-Middle Ages yet wars lasted longer and several issues arose impacting both war and peace. This paper includes an explanation of the people affected in the High-Middle Ages consisting of, Christianity in Europe, the Crusades failure, the structure of a feudal society, and death beyond belief. Christianity surfaced through the beliefs of Jews and creating the rise of Christianity began. The expansion of Christianity during the reign of the Roman Empire threatened the Empire. The Empire wanted power and if Christians has all power the Roman Empire failed as leaders. This threat began the stages of persecution towards Christians and the aggravation ceased when Emperor Constantine obtained his Roman throne. Christianity held strong and dominated Europe after the collapse of the Roman Empire. Christianity dominated people of both the poor and the rich. “Religious institutors including the Church and the monasteries became wealthy and influential given the fact that the state allocated a significant budget for religious activities”, (Newman, 2008, Para.1). Christianity dominated and Crusaders wanted nothing more than to take over the Holy Land promised...
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...The End of Europe's Middle Ages Language and Literature -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Until the sixteenth century, Latin was the official language of law, government, business, education and religion in Western Europe. The Latin of written communication was generally considered learned, or high, Latin and composition of documents followed standard guidelines regardless of where the document was written. On the other hand, the common, or Vulgar, Latin was a living language, mingling with and borrowing from regional dialects to suit the needs of local populations. As Vulgar Latin adapted more and more to the native language of a region, it became less recognizable to people outside that area. This process of individualization occurred relatively quickly for oral Latin and the many vernacular languages of Europe that we recognize today were already forming at the beginning of the Middle Ages. The official nature of writing and the predominance of an oral culture meant that written Latin accepted these regional variations at a much slower pace and excerpts from the Vulgate Bible and other patristic writings remained the standard grammatical texts until the Renaissance revived an insistence on classical Latin. Learning Latin in the Middle Ages During the fourteenth century in Italy, there appeared renewed interest in all things classical. This same interest, applied to classical Latin, spelled the end of...
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...Legacy Of the early Middle Ages (Price) Philosophy, Art, Theology 1 Philosophy, Art, Theology The Legacy Joetta Price The Orgins of Western Culture Instructor Hafizi May 23, 2011 Source:Cunningham/Reich 2010, Mason; Cengage/Learning Philosophy, Art, Theology 2 Philosophy, Art, Theology The popular view of the early Middle Ages—often referred to as the Dark Ages—is that of a period of isolated and ignorant peoples with little contact outside the confines of their own immediate surrounding, and at times that was indeed the general condition of life. Nonetheless, it is important to note that in the late eight and early ninth centuries, Charlemagne not only ruled over an immense kingdom (all of modern-day France, Germany, the Low Countries, and Italy as far south as Calabria) but also had extensive diplomatic contact outside that kingdom, The Carolingian World). Charlemagne maintained regular, if somewhat testy, diplomatic relations...
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...Practice History Essay Power and stability in the Middle Ages were maintained through the hierarchical feudal social system, but it changed over time due to various factors. Birth of feudalism began in Europe from Charlemagne and William the Conqueror to England after the victory over King Harold Godwinson. This system was characterised into three large categories – the powerful, the spiritual and the powerless. The upper class were very powerful and had many privileges. A king controlled large areas of land and were able to give away the land for loyalty and protection. He “offered protection to the peasants…but he also exerted his power over them (Source D)”. William’s reign was long and stable, as he spread out his Norman lords so they could not rebel against him. The king also needed an army for protection and control over his land. As a result, he would pay nobles to provide knights for his legion. Nobles and knights required...
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...primarily a complex system of vassalage by which the weak sought protection and sustenance from powerful local nobles. Feudalism in England under William I differed from feudalism in most other countries in that he required sub-vassals to swear allegiance to him. William of Normandy's survey of his new royal possessions in England was recorded in the Doomesday Book. By the thirteenth century, a previous acceptance of homosexuality by church and society had been replaced by Christian persecution of homosexuals due to all of the following: the writings of Thomas Aquinas; a rising tide of intolerance in Europe; the identification of homosexuals with other detested minority groups in society. The "agricultural revolution" of the High Middle Ages was in part brought about by a change from the two-field to the three-field system. The Magyars were originally from western Asia. Students in medieval universities often engaged in quarrels with one another and in confrontations with towns-people. Concerning the curriculum of the medieval university students studied the trivium and quadrivium. The Frankish palace official, Charles Martel, successfully defended the civilization of the new western European kingdoms in 732 by...
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...Over the course of time, many civilizations have had many issues with their government. One way of governing has overpowered the rest, the hierarchy. In 500 A.D, a government like this came to power.The the feudal system is a hierarchy system that maintained order in medieval Europe. In the dark ages, the residents of Western Europe slowly paced through the dark streets of their town. There was nothing but what seemed a gloomy spell has been fallen over these people. The only thing keeping the Francs in line, the feudal system, In the feudal system, the inhabitants of this time were divided into classes. Peasants and, Knights and lords. At the bottom of the totem pole, lies the peasants and serfs. They are forced into doing the agricultural labor (wikipedia). Peasants are considered “A member of...
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...The government and society in Europe during the middle ages revolved around the feudal system. (1) This system was the political, military, and social system, based on the holding of lands in fief (a piece of land given in return for service) or fee and on the resulting relations between lord and vassal. (2) Manorialism, a part of the feudal system (3), was the basis for medieval economy. Manors often included at least one village and the land surrounding it. Each group in society had certain rights and responsibilities (4), with the king owning all the land. (5) Either he or a lord would own the medieval manor, a large piece of land (6), which could consist of up to three types: a demesne, which is controlled by the lord and used for him and...
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...Female Artists during the Medieval Ages Humanities I Spring 2009 In the extremely hierarchical medieval society the social classes differed greatly from each other in their legal rights, economic circumstances and modes of living. Feudal society consisted of three classes, the Worshipers, Warriors, and the Workers. With few exceptions, women were ranked according to their husband’s or father’s status. They rarely achieved any status outside of their relationship with men as wives, mothers, and daughters. For this reason, it is interesting to explore how and why certain women were able to live separately from men in convents and create works of artistic value that survive today. During the Pre-Romanesque (500-1000 AD) and Romanesque (1000-1200) period of the middle ages, most of the art was created in monasteries for religious purposes. This art was primarily in the form of illuminated or illustrated manuscripts. Illuminated manuscripts were hand-written books of religious texts, like a bible, or works by saints or religious leaders. Some illustrated manuscripts were also copies of Roman or Greek works of philosophy. These manuscripts were ornate and beautiful volumes that were expensive and time consuming to produce. It could take months or years to produce an illuminated manuscript. The manuscript included ornamental borders, capital letters and illustrations some in gold and silver leaf. The illustrations themselves used a very rich and vivid palette of colors like rich...
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...For people in the middle ages, life was of different levels of difficulty. There were nobles who had a more sustainable life because to their food choices, clothing options and shelter availability. However, on the other end of the feudal system were the peasants. These people had an extremely harsh life, because of the things that were available to them. They had less food availability, bad clothing options and poor shelter. These three factors impacted on everyone’s lives in the middle ages. One of the main things that affects someone’s life is the food that they have access to. Peasants in the middle ages did not have good access to food. A contributing factor to this is that they weren’t allowed to go to the markets; however, that did not have an impact on them because they could not purchase anything due to their lack of money. They did not have enough money to buy any good quality food and the food that they did have was not...
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...Feudalism, also referred to as the Feudal System, was a political and economic system that emerged in Europe during the 900s as a result of the breaking down of the Carolingian Empire; taking this into account, it can perhaps be said that the actions of three of Charlemagne’s own grandsons indirectly make them the founding fathers of the system; the downfall of the Carolingian empire, after all, could only rest in the hands of the people responsible for weakening it by threefold. Though ironically dramatic in nature, Charlemagne's grandsons’ feud over power must have seemed trivial to even them when faced with the overwhelming armies of Vikings suddenly jumping at the chance to invade a broken empire; then again, it is possible that their own...
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...most dramatic and lifestyle changing event during the 14th century. This was a widespread epidemic of the bubonic plague that passed from Asia and through Europe in the mid fourteenth century. The first signs of the Black Death in Europe were present around the fall of 1346. In the span of three years, the Black Death killed one third of all the people in Europe. This traumatic population change coming into the Late Middle Ages caused great changes in European culture and lifestyle. How exactly did the plaque begin? The Black Death was one of many catastrophes to occur following an increase in population during the High Middle Ages (1000-1300). The population of Europe grew from 38 million to 74 million in this time. Before the plague, Europe had been enjoying an increased state of growth in both agriculture and structure in society. Cities began to rise with artisans, farmers, and other crafts people specializing in their own field of work. The daily amount of contact between the European people in the cities and...
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...Correlation vs. Causation from the High- to the Late- Middle Ages (1000-1500) A comparative book review of Castles, Battles and Bombs: How Economics Explains Military History by Jurgen Brauer and Hubert van Tuyll and Battle: A History of Culture and Combat by John Lynn Nicole Campagnola 0774953 HIST*2040 (DE) W13 Professor Davison March 31, 2013 Despite proven facts and primary sources, historical investigation always has an element of subjectivity. Each historian has a different perspective, and focuses on different events and principles. Different historians and authors will often reflect upon the work of their peers, so an educated reader has the opportunity to decrease bias by expanding the list of sources that information comes from. Information that is accurately cited from appropriate sources does not always have a concrete and inarguable conclusion. There will always be differentiations based on the perspective that the author is striving to communicate, and the original intent behind their research. Castles, Battles and Bombs: How Economics Explains Military History by Jurgen Brauer (an economist) and Hubert van Tuyll (a historian) focuses on historical events with the foundation of economic principles, and uses these principles to explain past military decisions and strategies. Battle: A History of Culture and Combat by John Lynn argues that most historians have mistakenly defined styles of warfare and resulting successes based on technological...
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...Thuy Tran 10/19/15 101-0032 Outline: History of Middle Ages Introduction: Middle Ages began when Western Roman Empire collapsed. Byzantine and Islamic appeared before the Middle Ages. The Middle Ages is the middle period of three traditional division of Western history: early, the high, and the late Middle Ages. Middle Ages is an important part of Western Civilization. It through many different period of time of the Middle Ages helps Western Civilization development economy and political. Each period of Middle Ages affect to how Civilization changes and growth. Western Civilization had more strong and created many intellect men. Also, the last Pagan Europe was converted to Christianity with the Baltic people in the High Middle Ages, bringing them to Western Civilization as well. I. Byzantine and Islamic influence A. Byzantine influence In the textbook Humanities in the Western Tradition, First Edition Marvin Perry, Baruch College, City University of New York, Emeritus J. Wayne Baker, University of Akron Pamela Pfeiffer Hollinger, the University of Akron that discussion Byzantine and Islamic their cultural contribution to Western Civilization. * “The Byzantine and Islam have in common” by contributing writer that almost 700 years Byzantine and Islamic cultural fought the remains of the Roman Empire, but they also hared many cultural political and artistic that shape their societies in many ways. * Advantage: * Byzantine cultural contributions...
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...individual in different historical periods. The Early Ages The Early middle ages we defined by religious growth in Christianity. It was between 500-1000 C.E. that this age occurred. Throughout this time stability was significant. For the duration of this era Eastern Europe was combating against the Arabs and Western Europe was under physical attack from Germanic clan. The High Ages According to "Defining The Middle Ages " (2013), “The High Medieval Era is the period of time that seems to typify the Middle Ages best. Usually beginning with the 11th century, some scholars end it in 1300 and others extend it for as much as another 150 years. Even limiting it to a mere 300 years, the High Middle Ages saw such significant events as Norman conquests in Britain and Sicily, the earlier Crusades, the Investiture Controversy and the signing of the Magna Carta. By the end of the 11th century, nearly every corner of Europe had become Christianized (with the notable exception of much of Spain), and the Papacy, long established as a political force, was in constant struggle with some secular governments and alliance with others.” The High middle ages brought forth an era fill with Christian followers. When the northern tribes in Europe swept down and brought down the Roman Empire, they settle in the Roman land and converted themselves to Christianity The Late Ages According to "Defining The Middle Ages " (2013), “The end of the Middle Ages can be characterized as a transformation from the...
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...After researching methods including internet and passage, we were able to discover the humanities and the belongings and expansions that the humanities of the Early, High, and Late middle ages had on civilization. The studies of humanities allow us to see the sights in which the changing concepts of temperament and the entity fluctuate in each chronological period and help us differentiate the significant developments of each era. In the humanistic Tradition book, there was a distinctive chapter provided on the middle Ages. Evaluation of the precise mechanisms of the Middle Ages permits us to portray our observations of the modifications that occur and assists to give details how and why the perceptions developed the way they did. After examining several research methods we were able to discover some attention-grabbing results and come up with some stimulating conclusions. The Early Middle Ages In order to speak on Humanities, there must be a clear view on what the meaning of it is. Humanities are a clear investigation of human beings and how they act. This includes their self expression and their culture. The purpose of this paper is to explain how humanities replicate changing concepts of life and individuals in diverse historical periods. In today's civilization human beings are ignorant to the past history of our people. Our ancestors have contributed too many areas that we participate in frequently. The result of researching humanities provides us with a better understanding...
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