...from Pakistan's capital city of Islamabad. Fourthly, Osama Bin Laden's assassination came after a blatant violation of Pakistan's national sovereignty by American special forces and without the knowledge of its infamously strong military. Fifthly, Osama Bin Laden's body was disposed in secrecy, and though the opportunity was there to bring the most wanted man in the world to trial, it was deemed unsuitable for the American cause to do so. However, all these concerns though important, are dwarfed when compared to the American policy of conducting drone attacks within Pakistani borders. Interestingly, all of these concerns remain relevant to the issue of drone operations conducted by America within the Pakistani territory. The paper will analyze the use of drone attacks with a primary focus on whether the use of drones can be justified, and attempt to prove that the use of drones is in fact a moral and an administrative evil. History and Nature Of The Conflict The notion of conflict here...
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...In recent months there has been much discussion over the pros and cons of drone commercialization in regards to its effect on economy, uses, and potential risks to the public. In 2012, Congress passed the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 in favor of the commercialization of drones which proposed general rules for small unmanned aircraft systems conducting non-recreational operations. Although speculations about these new rules in regards to United States’ businesses and economy are promising, issues such as privacy and safety have been neglected. The history of drones derived from the Wright Brother’s breakthrough experimentation with manned aircraft flight. Nearly a century later, “swift technological...
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...primary sources to really bring to life this taboo section of history, Zinn has paved the way for Americans to look back on their own history, and even modern-day events, and critically examine the truth that we accept so easily, without a second thought, especially since some events today and their justifications mirror similar events seen throughout history. The ongoing debate about drone strikes, their accuracy, and the ethics behind them closely mirror Zinn’s “Strategic Bombing” missions and their effects. While drones may be more accurate than the bombs used in World War II, their effectiveness is still called into question. In an article from the New York Times, it is revealed that “…when operators in...
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...Domestic Drone Exploration Presented by Team B Jamie Eads Daniel Flores Cindy Greer Amanda Hall August 24, 2014 DeVry University Technology, Society, and Culture LAS432 Professor: Dr. Kenneth Melichar TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION 3 II. DESCRIPTION OF TECHNOLOGY Amanda 4 III. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT Amanda 6 IV. CONTEXT OF THE TECHNOLOGY Amanda 7 V. POLITICAL INFLUENCE Cindy 15 VI. LEGAL INFLUENCE Cindy 17 VII. ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCE Cindy 22 VIII. ECONOMY OF DRONE Jaime 23 VIIII. PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS Daniel 32 X. SOCIOLOGICAL AFFECTS Daniel 36 INTRODUCTION Technology is applying science to improve on an existing task to make it easier. Technology can be used for all types of things, from science applications to mechanical engineering. Changing the way something is done often improves it. This is the heart of technology. Technology has evolved into nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is a “technology executed on the scale of less than 100 nanometers, the goal of which is to control individual atoms and molecules, especially to computer chips and other microscopic devices.” Nanotechnology may one day improve the quality of life, thereby extending the life span of humans, by using “small autonomous robot, or nanobot, that can be sent into the human body to repair cells and cure cancers.” (nanotechnology). It is the continued advancement in nanotechnology that has been used to downsize the combative drones that we associate...
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...FEIT31272 Project Management and the Professional Assignment 1 | Ethics of UAVs | 11035425 Ngo, Kevin 11035502 Truong, Matthew | Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Introduction 2 Overview 3 Definition 3 History of UAV 4 Civil Use 7 Background: 8 Small Picture Ethics 9 Big Picture Ethics 12 Deontology. 12 Relativism 15 Virtue ethics 17 Future use: 19 Recommendation 21 Individual Opinion 22 Kevin Ngo 22 Matthew Truong 25 Reference List 27 Executive Summary Introduction Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can generally be defined as a “device used or intended to be used for flight in the air that has no on-board pilot”. Current generations of UAVs “can be as small as an insect or as large as a charter flight”. They can be launched from a road or a small vehicle, but are often large enough to accommodate cameras, sensors or other information gathering equipment. Recently, discussions of UAVs have shifted most of the attention toward the ethical, legal and privacy implications that UAVs have, on society in global and domestic level. Overview Definition ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- There are many various terms used to identify these unmanned vehicles to which by its definition are that of a craft without a human pilot within. The most commonly accepted term would be UAV ( unmanned aerial vehicles); the US military much prefer...
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...How is the history of European and Arabic cultural contact reveal through musical characteristics in places such as Spain and Bulgaria? In Spain, the authentic flamenco had just a singer. It had a strained type of timbre and melisma was used a lot. It shows that there was Arabic influence because they also had that type of style. And because they also used a guitar as accompaniment, it showed there was European influence because they liked harmony. Bulgarian music also had harmonies but with voices. This was a European characteristic. Their music is very colorful and lively and I think that was Arabic influence. 2. What defines a music as "classical" as opposed to "folk" in the European context? How has "classical" music influenced "folk" music style and performance and vice versa? In the European context, classical music is the highest class of music. Folk is a position relative to classical music. Folk music was meant for the common people. It was the opposite of classical music. Folk played classical music and folk music started to interest higher class people. They wanted to become part of a tradition. Classical music started using some folk themes. 3. Drone is especially prominent in many European music traditions. What are some specific manifestations and how does drone relate to the overall sound? Drone is used in many countries in Europe. For example: Scotland, Ireland, and Hungary. In Scotland and Ireland they use bagpipes and had a constant drone to accompany...
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...Drones, Ethics, and the Armchair Soldier This is an article by the philosopher John Kaag about how the military is dealing with the changes in today’s environment with military warfare and the affects it has on the ground pilots that are driving drones to eliminate targets and terrorists. 10 years ago the Iraq invasion was a remote control game for the soldiers, very similar to how we use our remote controls for channel surfing on the TV or video games today. Many people use remote controls to play games, shoot animals, and blow up buildings to entertain themselves. The military uses similar remote controls to direct and deliver devastating military assaults against enemies and terrorists. Today the operations of the traditional chain of command is similar to writing directions for robots but without having to think about ethics behind it. Now soldiers do not have to be carrying pounds of gear while fighting and fearing for their lives, instead they do their jobs sitting down, they have something in common with philosophers who do their job sitting down. John quoted, “For the first time in history, soldiers have something in common with philosophers: they can do their jobs sitting down.” This provides the remote control soldier additional time and ability to think about how they will use a drone to eliminate a target. Soldiers today need to work their way through arriving at the logical answer of their orders and decisions while working through existential responsibility...
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...How is the history of European and Arabic cultural contact reveal through musical characteristics in places such as Spain and Bulgaria? In Spain, the authentic flamenco had just a singer. It had a strained type of timbre and melisma was used a lot. It shows that there was Arabic influence because they also had that type of style. And because they also used a guitar as accompaniment, it showed there was European influence because they liked harmony. Bulgarian music also had harmonies but with voices. This was a European characteristic. Their music is very colorful and lively and I think that was Arabic influence. 2. What defines a music as "classical" as opposed to "folk" in the European context? How has "classical" music influenced "folk" music style and performance and vice versa? In the European context, classical music is the highest class of music. Folk is a position relative to classical music. Folk music was meant for the common people. It was the opposite of classical music. Folk played classical music and folk music started to interest higher class people. They wanted to become part of a tradition. Classical music started using some folk themes. 3. Drone is especially prominent in many European music traditions. What are some specific manifestations and how does drone relate to the overall sound? Drone is used in many countries in Europe. For example: Scotland, Ireland, and Hungary. In Scotland and Ireland they use bagpipes and had a constant drone to accompany...
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...Drone Strikes, Effective Weapon in the War on Terrorism? William DeJarnette United States Diplomatic History November 21, 2014 September 7, 2009, in Machi Khel in Mir Ali, North Waziristan, Pakistan. At 20,000 feet death silently, stealthily, knifed its way through the afternoon sky. Two drones, operated by American Air Force drone pilots 7,000 miles away in Nevada, USA, had been hovering over the area throughout the day. Modern warfare and the fight against terrorism were about to greet Sadaullah Wazir and his family as they reentered their home after evening prayers in the garden. Moments later an explosive concussion from missiles launched by the drones rocked the neighborhood and body parts flew in every direction. Senior al Qaeda leader Ilyas Kashmiri was killed in his car as it entered the village. However, injured in the attack at the same time were fifteen-year-old Sadaullah and several others. Three of Wazir’s family members were killed. Wazir awoke in a hospital the next day, minus both legs and an eye. Objective met, target Kashmiri eliminated. Collateral damage is just another acceptable part of the plan. The Living Under Drones project interviewed Khalid Raheem, an elder in his community in Pakistan. Raheem is bewildered by the current state of affairs in his country. He states that they knew nothing about where the US was or what type of people lived there. They did know that the US supported the Taliban in their fight against the Soviets, until the Soviets...
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...Is the Use of Drone Military Tactics or not? In 2002 of February 4th history was made that allowed CIA and military to use such extraordinary equipment that made it safer for pilots and national security defense to use to spy on our enemies around the world without being noticed or even harming a human life at stake. But what can we really say that these drones let alone can be worth so much money of the tax payers that we don’t see the results that they are really made for.The drone was made and it was made for just that purpose in that world to help aid in the fight in counter-terrorism let alone not let any more of our military pilots put their lives at risk in dangerous zones. But due to recent events that lead to a sort of downfall in using these pilot less drones, is it actually worth the billions we spend on it to be used in the military or is it even worth having though due to some malfunctions of the drone killed innocent civilians not only from other lands, but our own American civilians as well. Does America really needs these drones that can help with the war on terror and costing us so much money let alone deaths, or do we need something different or not even the drones at all. Back in 2008 while I was serving in Afghanistan and right now I am gearing up for another tour right after the final week of school has ended, I remember hearing about the drones and what the purpose was for. At the time I could never really see one up close and let alone be in the same...
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...In this essay I will argue that the ‘war on terror’ declared by the Bush administration and so assessed for the US; is not a just war. It fails in the central interrelated criteria of just cause and last resort for jus ad bellum, which I detail first through assessment of the Bush administration’s self-proclaimed just reasoning behind resorting to war against a concept, and the alternatives available to it, I will then detail its failure in the jus in bello criteria of discrimination and proportionality, reasoning through the case of drone warfare. Jus ad bellum I shall firstly focus on the crucial jus ad bellum principle of just cause, holding the only just cause for war to be self-defence . The USA and its allies suffered unjust, unprovoked terror attacks, notably to embassies and battleships, as well as ultimately the 9/11 disaster, and further possessed reputable evidence of other failed attacks. Thus this essay acknowledges that they were under-attack from a powerful and effective enemy, which could be reliably pinpointed as Al Qaeda. These attacks were focused on non-combatants in landmark locations; deliberate targeting for maximum terror spreading effect, which further represented an attack on western freedoms. Hence the assailant satisfied neither jus ad bellum, nor jus in bello, and without immediate and effective action there existed great potential for further unjust attacks. This was the Bush administration’s argument for sufficient reason to declare war in self-defence...
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...and mortar side of business. One company that has taken advantage of the internet to conduct business is Amazon.com. Through the use of the E-commerce, Amazon.com has positioned itself to becoming a household name. To gain an understanding at how Amazon.com has managed to accomplish this, their history should be understood, the regulations, issues and opportunities should be reviewed and the website experiences should also be explored. Once these are done, the phenomenon that Amazon.com is today can be grasped and understood. History of Amazon Amazon is the largest online e-business in America founded in 1994 by Jeffrey Bezos. Amazon original worked as an online bookstore branching into clothing, gourmet food, watches, jewelry, baby product, apparel, and many other products by 1999. To keep up with changing times and competition Amazon developed their prime service. Amazon prime released in 2005 gave customers the option of fast delivery by paying on flat rate each month. America was the birth place of Amazon, but Amazon has now spread too many markets like Japan, France, The United Kingdom, and Germany with plans to expand to other markets in the future. According to "The History of Amazon" (2016), “Amazon also experimented with online auctioning forging an unsuccessful partnership with Sotheby’s but was unable to break eBay’s stranglehold on this...
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...shoot laser guided rockets. Over the past several decades innovations in military technology have changed the course of military tactics and warfare itself. Drones have transcended themselves from the pages of science-fiction to the articles of science-fact, thus our need to utilize them in battle has grown exponentially. With their inception comes the debate of whether or not to mass produce smaller models or produce smaller numbers of larger models has only begun (Springer 39). The fact that droids can emulate human cognition and process vast amounts of information pertaining to given situations make the desire to implement them into war all that more tempting. “The inherent advantages of drones -- most of all, not placing pilots or ground forces at risk of being killed or captured -- have lowered the threshold for the use of force” (Zenko,”The Next Drone Wars”). Nothing could have been more truthful, it also brings up several factors concerning the proliferation of Drones, or more specifically UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) and the like. Has lowering the threshold for the use of force had a positive impact on international relations or has it hurt our means towards diplomatic resolutions? The ramifications for such a powerful addition to a nation’s arsenal stem from the technology’s specifications themselves. Drones are semiautonomous, efficient and relatively cost-effective. They are not capable of independent thought and therefore do not need to have extrasensory perception...
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..."By the Drones' Eerie Light." National Review. National Review, 26 May 2016. Web. 11 Jan. 2017. Pulitzer Prize winner and historian, Arthur Herman in his article, “By the Drones’ Eerie Light” (2016), presents the case for why Obama’s expansion of drone warfare is a success and the displays the multiple benefits it has over conventional tactics. He supports this argument by saying, “The advantages are obvious, particularly in conflicts like the current one against ISIS or even in Afghanistan, where American troops for political reasons can’t be thick on the ground, and where you don’t want to put American pilots and aviators in danger of death or capture, or both, in case their aircraft gets shot down (think of the Jordanian pilot ISIS captured and literally roasted alive).” The author’s purpose it to explain the technology in order to show how it can be used to give the US advantages in combat and military missions. He goes through this in an objective manner and presents facts to support President Obama’s drone program such as ISIS and the Taliban lack an air defense program and that it keeps soldiers safe, which is somewhat surprising because the National Review is known to lean right, but that shows that possible bias didn’t sway the article. The author Arthur Herman is a distinguished historian who works for the Hudson Institute and is also a Pulitzer Prize winner which bodes well for his credibility given that the Pulitzer Prize is one of the highest awards a journalist...
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...The main costs associated with the production of VectorCal’s drone navigation system are the labor cost and material cost. VectorCal’s drone navigation system has two types of labor cost, direct labor and indirect labor. Direct labor cost is wages that are incurred in order to produce specific goods or provide specific services to customers. It also includes the payroll taxes associated with those wages, plus the cost of company paid medical insurance, life insurance, workers' compensation insurance, any company matched pension contributions, and other company benefits (Adams, 2014). Indirect labor is the cost of any labor that supports the production process, but which is not directly involved in the active conversion of materials into finished products. Indirect labor cost would include production supervisor, purchasing staff, materials handling staff and materials management staff. The cost of both types of indirect labor can be fully loaded with the costs of benefits and payroll taxes for financial analysis or cost accounting purposes, since these additional costs are closely associated with the indirect labor positions (Adams, 2014). Direct material cost is the cost of important materials that are used in the manufacture of a product or used in providing a service. Direct material costs are definitely identifiable to the contract. The concept of estimating direct materials costs is very straightforward. It consists of determining what is needed, how much is needed, and...
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