...Examination of Clinical Psychology Clinical psychology has an important history in psychology. The history begins with early Greek Philosophers, Sigmund Freud, and continues in modern psychology. Clinical psychology is deprived from philosophy, science, and many other realms. The scientific aspect of clinical psychology continues to alter and evolve leaving clinical psychology evolving as well. There are clear distinctions between clinical psychology and other disciplines, but they all have the same goal of helping individuals. History of Clinical Psychology There are many aspects and events that lead to the progression of clinical psychology. In earlier times the Greeks realized that the mind and body both influence relationships on individuals dealing with illnesses. Plato, Hippocrates, and Aristotle grew upon this theory. They believed that an individuals body was incontrol by his or her soul, and that illness were caused from problems within the soul (Plante, 2011). The middle ages focused that physical and mental issues meant that the individuals had issues of the soul. The Renaissance period brought upon the scientific approach, that scientific experimentation and observation were evident rather than what was thought to be from spiritual thoughts (Plante, 2011). Sigmund Freud had an increase understanding of the mind and body connection. Freud believed that the unconscious mind had an influence on the individual’s wellbeing (Parsons, 1958). Freud’s theories and his...
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...Introduction to Organizational Psychology Liz Warren University of Phoenix PSY/435 Amanda Major June 27, 2011 Organizational Psychology Organizational psychology is the empirical study of the human side of industries (Spector, 2008). The science of organizational psychology differs from other disciplines of psychology because it is not centered on the individual, but rather how the individual and work place affect each other. The evolution of organizational psychology provides insight into current methods used today in organizational structures. The actions recommended by organizational psychologists originate from research founded on the scientific method (Spector, 2008). The evidence and statistics obtained through rigorous scientific investigation cause organizational psychology to be a unique discipline. Evolution of Organizational Psychology Hugo Munsterberg and Walter Dill Scott are considered founders of organizational psychology as they were both experimental psychologists and professors who applied psychology to industrial problems (Spector, 2008). The investigation of organizational efficiency and job performance in the 1880’s led to Frederick W. Taylor’s scientific management theory, which inspired the segregated study of organizational psychology (McCarthy, 2002). Taylor is responsible...
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...Examination of Clinical Psychology Jessica Brockman PSY/480 October 3, 2011 Stacie Flynn Examination of Clinical Psychology The word clinical comes from the Greek word klinike, which means “medical practice at the sickbed” (Maddux, 2008, p. 56), the word psychology comes from the word psyche, which means “soul or mind” (Maddux, 2008, p. 56). Clinical Psychology is “the assessment, treatment, and understanding of psychological and behavioral problems and disorders” (Plante, 2011, p. 5). Clinical psychology has a rich history compiled with information derived from philosophy, biology, and science. In this paper the history and the evolving nature of clinical psychology will be described as well as an explanation of the role research and statistics has on clinical psychology, and a comparison of clinical psychology to other mental health profession. The History of Clinical Psychology Greek history presented a background of early Greek thinkers, who acknowledged an interconnection between the mind and body as well as the influence the interconnection has on illnesses. One of the first contributors to psychology came from Hippocrates, who believed disease, temperament, and personality originated from an imbalance within four humors that he called black bile, yellow bile, phlegm, and blood within an individual’s environment (Plante, 2011). Hippocrates also suggested that abnormal behavior, physical, and emotional illnesses were influenced by biological, psychological,...
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...Examination of Clinical Psychology Robin Slagel PSY/480 May 18, 2015 Janice Williams Examination of Clinical Psychology Within the many diverse disciplines and sub-disciplines of psychology it may be that within clinical psychology the whole of the search for the study of why human beings think and behave as they do from time immemorial can be seen. For all of the early searches and understandings regarding science, philosophy, and medicine have been intertwined with what is currently understood about clinical psychology and all that may be discovered in the future will also have connection to those earlier gestations. Therefore to have a fuller comprehension of clinical psychology it is important to have an understanding of its history and how the science has evolved, emerged, and matured through time. As important would be the ability to lend a sense of credence and validity to the study of the human mind and resultant behaviors through clinical psychology by learning something about the role of studious research and concrete statistical evidence. Last there must be a substantive discussion and understanding of how clinical psychology differs from other explorations and disciplines into the thoughts, beliefs, and behaviors of the human mind and brain. Clinical Psychology Overview It may be said that clinical psychology is just one specific form of psychology wherein the clinician uses the tenets and precepts of the psychological...
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...Maryland In press Keywords: discipline, domain, learning, history, knowledge, mathematics, reading, science, writing. Abstract The roots of current disciplines and domains of study reach well back in history. An exploration of their development shows that these areas of knowledge have not only reflected cultural changes but have also influenced societies, especially through formal educational systems. Besides being characterized by their focus on a particular part of the world, disciplines are also distinguished by a specific way of thinking about their respective domains of study. Psychological research has identified several features of these pathways to knowledge (e.g., reading, writing, history, mathematics, and science) that generally define the landscape of academic practice. Although educational psychologists’ interest in how knowledge develops within specific domains has fluctuated across time, formal education throughout the world is organized around particular fields of studies and students soon come to characterize their experience of school in terms of subject matters. Thus, in education, domains seem to make a difference. The term knowledge domain refers to the part of the world investigated by a specific discipline. In other words, the domain can be characterized as the object (e.g., plants, numbers, or the past) of a specific body of knowledge (e.g., botany, mathematics, or history). Herein, we offer a survey of the development of increasingly...
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...Nisaa Kirtman PSY 8100 January 10, 2017 Summary: How major historical events and scientific advances compare to psychological theories Attempting to seamlessly align history and science, and their growths, to personality theory development is a challenging task. Many psychological theories were developed by and for individuals, while major historical events that took place involved large groups, nations and regions, and perhaps esteemed individuals were given certain recognitions. History and psychology are social topics, yet, history and scientific advances are based in factual events and include nations and regions, while psychology serves as scientific explanations of possible human behavior (historically, individual behavior). It is difficult, however, to attempt this alignment between greater historical events and scientific advancements without taking into account the social systems and reflected cultures that were dominant and prominent during particular times in history, particularly the 19th and 20th...
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...8/29/2012Submit Assigned On: 8/20/2012 Introduction and Chapter 1: History and the Scientific Method Day Topic/Activity Reading Assignment/Activity 1 Course Introduction; Policies and Procedures syllabus, rules, policies 2 Background of psychology; basic terms give out textbooks 3 Psychology: from Hippocrates to Wundt p. 1-8 workbook (wb) p. 2-4 4 Perspectives and the Big Issues p. 9-14 wb 4-6 5 Skepticism, Common Sense, and Hindsight p. 14-24 vocab quiz; wb 6-9 6 Research Basics: Observations and Surveys p. 24-30 7 Research Basics: Correlation and Causation p. 30-34 vocab drill 8 Research Basics: The Experimental Method p. 37-40 vocab quiz; wb 19-21 9 Ethical standards and practices in Psychology p. 49-53 experiment analysis project 10 Film: Discovering Psychology Part 2 film; worksheets on experiments 11 Test on background and scientific methods Test Unit Objectives: · Define psychology and trace its historical development. · Compare and contrast the psychological perspectives(behavior, cognitive, humanistic, neuroscience, psychoanalytic, behavior genetics). · Identify basic and applied research subfields of psychology. · Identify basic elements of an experiment (variables, groups...
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...Examination of Clinical Psychology Mileva Repasky August 25, 2014 PSY 480 John Colyar Examination of Clinical Psychology Psychology itself involves many theories, outcomes, and studies involving behaviors. Clinical psychology involves licensed individuals who use their knowledge and expertise of human behavior to address and treat issues or concerns in an individual’s life. Our text describes clinical psychology as “the aspect of psychological science and practice concerned with the analysis, treatment, and prevention of human psychological disabilities” (Plante, 2010, p.7). Clinical psychology is used to treat mental health problems using the scientific method. Clinical psychology has a very diverse history and continues to evolve through research and continually advancing statistics in this field. As this branch of psychology continues to evolve there are many similarities and differences that are shared with many other health professions. History and Evolution of Clinical Psychology Though the aspects of psychology have been present throughout our history, the actual field of psychology and clinical psychology was not recognized as a science until the late 1800’s. Psychology became a distinct discipline in 1892 when the American Psychological Association was formed; clinical psychology was named a specialty four years later. In 1896 the first psychological clinic was open in Pennsylvania by Lightner Witmer who became the first psychologist who treated an individual...
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...Examination of Clinical Psychology At its base level, clinical psychology is the attempt of an educated individual applying their knowledge of human behavior (gathered through scientific research) to address the relational, physiological, or affective concerns or troubles of another’s life. Plante (2011) defines clinical psychology as an understanding, assessment, and treatment of psychological or behavioral disorders. As a scientific enterprise that employees the scientific method to study and evaluate procedures and possible treatments, clinical psychology endeavors to research the most acceptable methods of aiding its patients. Psychotherapy and research go hand-in-hand, creating circumstances where art illuminates science and science illuminates art (Plante, 2011). The purpose of this paper is to examine the ever-changing nature of clinical psychology while explaining the specifics of counseling as done with the use of clinical psychology. History Hippocrates was the first to produce a somewhat naïve, but complete, definition of dysfunction and disease (Plante, 2011). He believed that certain emotions and maladjustments of the mind were caused by imbalances in the levels of blood, phlegm, yellow bile, or black bile. Anger, depression, and other extreme emotions could be caused by these aberrations of humors. Plato put forth the idea that the soul, or metaphysical world, might have visible effects on the physical domain. Holistic medicinal theory was developed...
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...Industrial and Organizational Psychology Ronda White Industrial and Organizational Psychology PSY 435 April 2, 2012 Ronald Goodnight Industrial and Organizational Psychology Although industrial and organizational (I/O) psychology is an invention of the 20th century, roots of the profession begin in the late 1800s, and early 1900s with the infancy of psychology itself. These pioneers concerning themselves solely upon the industrial side of the profession had interests in placing into work new principles of psychology to improve efficiency in organization, and job performance. Through this beginning, I/O psychology continues to expand and develop into the psychological discipline it is today. A simple definition or practical applications of I/O psychology are the mere pinnacles in understanding the scope of the discipline. Examining the evolution of I/O psychology, in addition to explaining the role of research and statistics in I/O psychology will reveal the foundation upon which the pinnacles rest (Spector, 2008). Evolution of I/O Psychology The credit for the development of I/O psychology lies with Walter Dill and Hugo Münsterberg. Both individuals were professors and experimental psychologists who began applying principles of psychology to organization’s problems. Münsterberg’s interests in employee selection processes brought about the use of psychological testing. His inability to gain acceptability and respect for his theories at Harvard, or...
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...Dorothy Rodwell Industrial and Organization Psychologist Industrial and organizational psychology has been the study of psychology within the workplace since the 1800”s (Spector, 2008). Industrial/Organizational Psychology is the learning of different events within the job surrounding I/O psychology is extremely important within the workplace for employees. I/O psychology helps employee’s behaviors toward each other, customers, and it helps restore the business. Industrial and organizational psychology is an incorporation of psychological principles within a workplace to solve its problems (Spector, 2008). I/O psychology is basically there to improve the environment and the quality for employees, and to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of behavior in a business (Spector, 2008). Evolution of Industrial/Organizational Psychology In the 1800s and early 1900s psychologist was applying the theories of psychology to organization of business (Spector, 2008). The two scientists who started industrial/organizational psychology are Hugo Munsterberg and Walter Dill Scott who was university professors who had an interest in employee, and application of new psychological tests of industry. Scott and Munsterberg wrote two books one in 1903 The Theory of Advertising, and in 1913 Psychology and Industrial Efficiency. In 1911Fredrick Winslow Taylor developed the theory of “Scientific Management” (Koppes, 2007, p. 313). Frank Gilbreth an engineer and Lillian Gilbreth a psychologist...
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...thoughts. It is a process and a model that has undergone tests, been tried, reviewed and accepted as a true representation of the processes and occurrences in the natural world However, due to the broad nature of science, and the work, time and resources involved in pursuit of knowledge in different science fields which entails different interests, and thereby different values too; and the different possibilities of knowledge about different subjects, has lead to a myopic misconception by the science practitioners that Physical and Natural applied sciences are more superior and of more importance than social sciences. These differences among practitioners of the various science disciplines are pervasive and aptly cultural ones, since scientific work requires transcending unconscious...
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...Clinical psychology is an expansive branch that combines general practice with health services. In clinical psychology, the main focus is on diagnosing, assessing, evaluating, and treating behavioral, emotional, and mental disorders. This field became more widely recognized toward the end of the nineteenth century (American Board of Professional Psychology, n.d.). Research and statistics help the field to grow and helps psychologists and those in the mental health field to understand more about disorders and behaviors. This field also shares some similarities, as well as differences, with other mental health professions. The history of clinical psychology is a rich one, and the field continues to grow. Clinical Psychology History Before psychology was a science, it was a practice. It is believed that the practice of psychology has always existed. However, the science of psychology emerged from philosophy. The many ideas and thoughts of philosophers laid the foundation of psychology (Benjamin, 2005). The field of psychology began as a mixture of philosophy, medicine, and theology. In the late 1800’s, The Elements of Psychophysics was published by Theodor Fechner, and Principles of Physiological Psychology was published by Wilhelm Wundt. These two publications allowed the explanation that physics and physiology could be used to answer questions on a psychological level. Wundt opened the first laboratory for psychology in Germany. When he opened his laboratory, psychology as a science...
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...Psychology Principles in Practice To begin, the introduction of Psychology presents a vast amount of ideas to think about. It presents examples about a lot of questions that sometimes we tend to ignore. Questions like: Why is John good at math but not as good with reading? Why is Linda attracted to John? Why am I hungry? How am I able to sense the world outside? Questions like these give life to the study of Psychology. It allows for one to be able to explain and expand our thoughts on how we perceive certain areas in our lives to be able to interpret the world, understand our thoughts, and understand how and why we act the way we act. Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. (Rathus 4) Behavior is an important part of psychological study. Behavior is defined as any action that other people can observe or measure. (Rathus 4) I find behavior to be an extremely interesting part of what psychology has to offer. In my opinion, it helps develop a process of morality to the people that live among us and has allowed for the understanding of thoughts that can be difficult to grasp at times. Psychologists have the same goals as scientists when it comes to observing, describing, explaining, predicting, and controlling what they study. How does this apply to Psychology? It helps us understand how Psychology can be explained as a science. This is a huge step into progress when it comes to helping those that need assurance of applying Psychological...
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...Clinical Psychology Paper The great evangelist D.T. Niles once said, “Christianity is just one beggar telling another beggar where to find bread” (Niles, 2010). At its most basic level, clinical psychology is the enterprise of one educated, licensed person using their knowledge of human behavior to address, assuage, or otherwise moderate the troubles and concerns of another person’s life—whether they be relational, affective, or physiological. Strictly speaking, clinical psychology is, “the assessment, treatment, and understanding of psychological and behavioral problems and disorders” (Plante, 2005, p. 7). Clinical psychology is a scientific endeavor, utilizing the instrument of the scientific method to inform the practice, procedures, and treatments used to address human problems. There is an interplay that exists between treatment outcome research and psychotherapy in clinical psychology—the science informs the art and the art informs the science (Plante, 2005). The point of this paper is to catalogue and compare the history and evolving nature of clinical psychology as well as to consider the specific case of counseling within the framework of clinical psychology. History Hippocrates—the original author of the Hippocratic Oath—formed the first complete, if naïve, physiological explanation of disease and dysfunction (Plante, 2005). He proposed that imbalances in the mixture and quantity of four fluids: black bile, yellow bile, phlegm, and blood, caused several emotions...
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