...1. 2. The overall management of the way resources are obtained, stored and moved to the locations where they are required. Logistics management entails identifying potential suppliers and distributors; evaluating how accessible and effective they are and establishing relationships and signing contracts with the companies who offer the best combination of price and service. 3. Materials management as a definition is the process which integrates the flow of supplies into, through and out of an organization to achieve a level of service which ensures that the right materials are available at the right place at the time in the right quantity and quality and at the right cost. * Material Management is responsible for purchasing the highest quality equipment and products at the lowest possible cost for the organization. 4. supply management describes the methods and processes of modern corporate or institutional buying. This may be for the purchasing of supplies for internal use referred to as indirect goods and services, purchasing raw materials for the consumption during the manufacturing process, or for the purchasing of goods for inventory to be resold as products in the distribution and retail process. * Supply management deals primarily with the oversight and management of materials and services inputs, management of the suppliers who provide those inputs, and support of the process of acquiring those inputs. The performance of supply management departments...
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...Evolution of Computer Technology Catherine L. Dean 2142CMIS3106380 March 9, 2014 Table of Contents I. Introduction 3 II. Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) 3 III. Pipelining 3 IV. Cache Memory 4 V. Virtual Memory 4 VI. Conclusion 5 VII. Works Cited 5 I. Introduction The purpose of this paper is to investigate the evolution of and current trends in improving system performance with respect to RISC, pipelining, cache memory, and virtual memory. II. Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) Reduced Instruction Set Computing also known as RISC is a type of microprocessor architecture. It is a CPU design strategy. The purpose of RISC was for design simplification. It increases the number of executed instructions thus increasing the CPU performance. (Joy) The RISC design was first proposed and implemented in the 1960s and has been constantly evolving. Since the late 1980’s, RISC has been more than doubling its performance every year and half. The RISC industry, which includes IBM and Sun Microsystems, is ever expanding with the focus on the speed of executing instructions per second along with the evolution of the computer industry. (Joy) III. Pipelining One characteristic of RISC processors is pipelining. With pipelining, instructions are able to be executed in a shorter period of time. The first step in pipelining is to find the instructions, then read the registers, decode the instructions, execute the instruction, access the data...
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...The History of Information Technology March 2010 Draft version to appear in the Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, Vol. 45, 2011 Thomas Haigh thaigh@computer.org University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Thomas Haigh The History of Information Technology – ARIST Draft 2 In many scholarly fields the new entrant must work carefully to discover a gap in the existing literature. When writing a doctoral dissertation on the novels of Nabokov or the plays of Sophocles, clearing intellectual space for new construction can be as difficult as finding space to erect a new building in central London. A search ensues for an untapped archive, an unrecognized nuance, or a theoretical framework able to demolish a sufficiently large body of existing work. The history of information technology is not such a field. From the viewpoint of historians it is more like Chicago in the mid-nineteenth century (Cronon, 1991). Building space is plentiful. Natural resources are plentiful. Capital, infrastructure, and manpower are not. Boosters argue for its “natural advantages” and promise that one day a mighty settlement will rise there. Speculative development is proceeding rapidly and unevenly. But right now the settlers seem a little eccentric and the humble structures they have erected lack the scale and elegance of those in better developed regions. Development is uneven and streets fail to connect. The native inhabitants have their ideas about how things should be done, which sometimes...
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...NDU Economic Globalization By : Elias Barakat Instructor : Dr Queen Salame Outline : 1- Introduction , Page 3 2- The effects of economic globalization on developing countries , Page 4 3- Advantages and disadvantages of economic globalization , Page 6 4- History of Globalization , Page 9 5 - Factors Contributing to the Rise of Globalisation in the Early 1980s , Page 11 6- Conclusion , Page 14 Index , Page 14 Introduction: Economic globalization is a worldwide phenomenon wherein countries’ economic situations can depend significantly on other countries. Many allied countries would supply resources to each other that the other countries do not have. These resources can cover imported products, technology, and even human labor. Many people have observed that this phenomenon may lead to a “one-world government,” which consists of a centralized government for all nations. The nature of globalization and global economic change has been a subject of immense academic research during the past two decades. It is more a phenomenon in need of explanations than a universal cause of empirically observable outcomes in the so-called globalization theory.1* 1*Check references page The effects of economic globalization on developing countries 1- Increased Standard of Living : Economic globalization gives governments of developing nations access to foreign lending. When these funds are used on infrastructure including roads, health care, education, and social services...
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...Information Technology Act Lizette Ortiz-Ortiz BIS/220 November 13, 2012 Professor Aníbal López-Torres Information Technology Act * Electronic Funds Transfer Act of 1978 * The Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) Act was signed by Jimmy Carter on 1978. The purpose of the creation of this act was to protect peoples and institutions money on electronic transactions. This act is part of the Credit Card Consumers Act and the ETF was not considered this act was created. “The EFT Act contains important provisions concerting entry of consumers into the EFT system, delineation of rights of parties involved in EFT use, and establishment of liability for unlawful EFT use” (Fox, 1980, p. 212). The definition for EFT in the act is “a transfer of funds is initiated through an electronic terminal, telephone, computer (including on-line banking) or magnetic tape for the purpose of ordering, instructing, or authorizing a financial institution to debit or credit a consumer’s account. EFTs include, but are not limited to point-of-sale (POS) transfers; automated teller machine (ATM) transfers; direct deposits or withdrawals of funds; transfers initiated by telephone; and transfers resulting from debit card transactions, whether or not initiated through an electronic terminal” (Electronic Funds Transfer Act of 1978, Section 205.3(b)). By having EFT defined, clearly can demonstrate...
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...author’s point of view by Turban (1995), Little (1970), Moore and Chang (1980), Keen (1980), and Power (1997); history of DSS during late 1950s and early 1960s until millennium approached of Web-based analytical applications; the Decision support system (DSS) has been used in many different ways (Alter 1980, Power, 2002). Turban (1995) defines it as "an interactive, flexible, and adaptable computerbased information system, especially developed for supporting the solution of a nonstructured management problem for improved decision making. It utilizes data, provides an easy-to-use interface, and allows for the decision maker's own insights." For Little (1970), a DSS is a "model-based set of procedures for processing data and judgments to assist a manager in his decision-making." Moore and Chang (1980) define DSS as extendible systems capable of supporting ad hoc data analysis and decision modeling, oriented toward future planning, and used at irregular, unplanned intervals. importance of DSS to assist in high-level decision-making, assist academic advising staff, improve the quality and timeliness of marketing decisions, and medical diagnosis process; and current issues of DSS where decision-making as the most important activities for human beings, Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs), several types of DSS usage and deployment, and Social decision support system (SDSS) . In contrast, Keen (1980) claims that it is impossible to all give the a precise of definition...
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...Name: Delcil Charles Program: Architecture/ Building Construction Course: Information Technology Date: 04/02/11 A Brief History of the computer. The history of computers starts out about 2000 years ago, at the birth of the abacus, a wooden rack holding two horizontal wires with beads strung on them. When these beads are moved around, according to programming rules memorized by the user, all regular arithmetic problems can be done. Another important invention around the same time was the Astrolabe, used for navigation. Blaise Pascal is usually credited for building the first digital computer in 1642. It added numbers entered with dials and was made to help his father, a tax collector. In 1671, Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz invented a computer that was built in 1694. It could add, and, after changing some things around, multiply. Leibniz invented a special stepped gear mechanism for introducing the addend digits, and this is still being used. The prototypes made by Pascal and Leibniz were not used in many places, and considered weird until a little more than a century later, when Thomas of Colmar (A.K.A. Charles Xavier Thomas) created the first successful mechanical calculator that could add, subtract, multiply, and divide. A lot of improved desktop calculators by many inventors followed, so that by about 1890, the range of improvements included: * Accumulation of partial results * Storage and automatic reentry of past results (A memory...
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...Communication and Technology Carlos LR CJA 304 September 9, 2013 Michael O'C Communication and Technology Specialized databases in the criminal justice system According to "History of Fingerprints" (n.d.), in 1901, Sir Edward Henry, an Inspector General of Police in Bengal, India, develops the first system of classifying fingerprints. This system of classifying fingerprints was first adopted as the official system in England, and eventually spread throughout the world. Since then there has been an enormous leap forward on the process used for identifying a person through finger prints. The process went from a lengthy detail examination of a finger print under a magnifying glass; to taking a person finger prints through a Live Scan machine and waiting for the results to return in the matter of seconds. It was not until 1905 that the United States Armed Forces adopted the finger print as a valid form of identification. It was subsequently use by police agencies. By 1980, the first computer database of fingerprints was developed in the United States. It was known as the Automated Fingerprint Identification System, (AFIS). In the present day, there are nearly 70 million cards, or nearly 700 million individual fingerprints entered in AFIS (AFIS. n.d.). Specialized Databases Firefighters, emergency medical services, and law enforcement personnel depend on receiving accurate and prompt information to perform their duties. Radio communications are limited to only convey...
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...E-Commerce A Brief Examination of a Popular Electronic Information Technology The purpose of this assignment is to “demonstrate an understanding of information systems, define and display how information technology may be used strategically in organizations.” The following discussion specifically focuses on the electronic business of E-Commerce and identifies how this industry uses information technology to compete, provide goods/services and offer innovative trends within the consumer market place. Characterizing Commerce Commerce is generally defined as “a division of trade or production which deals with the exchange of good and services from a producer to the consumer.” It also encompasses the “trading of information and funds or other entities” that maintain economic value. Characterizing E-Commerce E-Commerce is commonly referred to as “electronic marketing.” It consists of buying, selling or the exchange of goods and services over an electronic medium such as the internet or other computer based networks where a transaction or “terms of sale” are performed electronically. E-Commerce Popularity Since the advent of the internet and the potential uses information technology brought to the business environment, nearly all main stream commerce related industries discovered an opportunity to establish a presence in the electronic marketing environment due to the low entry cost and reductions in transaction expenses that provided increasing...
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... interesting, and important the hard drive really is. The hard drive has gone through many important changes throughout its history to become the hard drive we use today. The hard drive records its data in a very complex way, but its still one of the most reliable pieces of technology to store our precious data. The hard drive comes in different interfaces and forms that became more user-‐friendly as the hard drive progressed. The hard drive is the main device for storing data on a personal computer. IBM first introduced the hard drive in 1956, but they were not used in personal computers until the 1980s. Still in the early 1980s the hard drive was rare and expensive. Not until the late 1980s did it become the standard storage solution in personal computers. Since the release of the first hard drive it has went through...
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...systems, define and display how information technology may be used strategically in organizations.” The following discussion specifically focuses on the electronic business of E-Commerce and identifies how this industry uses information technology to compete, provide goods/services and offer innovative trends within the consumer market place. Characterizing Commerce Commerce is generally defined as “a division of trade or production which deals with the exchange of good and services from a producer to the consumer.” It also encompasses the “trading of information and funds or other entities” that maintain economic value. Characterizing E-Commerce E-Commerce is commonly referred to as “electronic marketing.” It consists of buying, selling or the exchange of goods and services over an electronic medium such as the internet or other computer based networks where a transaction or “terms of sale” are performed electronically. E-Commerce Popularity Since the advent of the internet and the potential uses information technology brought to the business environment, nearly all main stream commerce related industries discovered an opportunity to establish a presence in the electronic marketing environment due to the low entry cost and reductions in transaction expenses that provided increasing access to a “global” market place, which could also maintain and secure a “market” share amongst the rising competition. History of E-Commerce In 1979, Michael Aldrich...
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...Comparison Pros and Cons Case Study Conclusion Online conferencing replace traditional communication method Introduction Traditional communication method, history. Online conferencing today Roles in different stage to society, organization, personal and business. Comparison Traditional communication method Online Conferencing product, function, application. Changing to society and organization Online conferencing replace traditional communication method Pro and Cons Analysis pros and cons between traditional communication method and new online conferencing New technology to market Benefits Advantage & disadvantage Case Study Skype Go-to-meeting Conclusion Life behavior changing by new technology New technology and service expecting to market! Introduction Traditional communication method Face to face Tele-audio Simplest way - Telephone, 2 parties only Conference call – One way + multiple parties Three-way calling Tele-video Mobile links to satellites using specially equipped trucks Online conference What is online conference? Online means “Connected to a computer and internet, we called this as “Web Conference” History 1980 Online chat service by CompuServe Early 1980s Electronic Meeting System as university and research projects Late 1980s Ancestor of modern Electronic Meeting System “Group System” at 1989. 1992 Popular online video-conferencing tool CU-SeeMe first operational Mid 1990s...
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... THE ROLES OF CULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY ON THE FUTURE OF ENTERTAINMENT ——————————————————— Patience Madigan TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………….. 4 THE ROLES OF CULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE FUTURE OF ENTERTAINMENT 1.1 OVERVIEW ……………………………………………………………… 4 1.2 OBJECTIVE ……………………………………………………………… 4 2. DISCUSSION …………………………………………………………………… 5 2.1 TECHNOLOGICAL FORCES ON ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY … 5 2.1.1 1950’s ……………………………………………………………… 5 2.1.2 1960’s ……………………………………………………………… 5 2.1.3 1970’s ……………………………………………………………… 5 2.1.4 1980’s ……………………………………………………………… 5 2.1.5 1990’s ……………………………………………………………… 5 2.1.6 2000’s ……………………………………………………………… 5 2.2 CULTURAL FORCES ON ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY …………. 5 2.2.1 1950’s Mass Culture ……………………………………………….. 6 2.2.2 1960’s Counter Culture …………………………………………….. 6 2.2.3 1970’s Punk Culture ………………………………………………... 6 2.2.4 1980’s Heavy Metal and Rap Culture ……………………………… 6 2.2.5 1990’s Grunge and Rave Culture ………………………………...… 6...
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...The Knowledge of the foundations and history provides the understanding of the evolvement of today’s nurses and nursing practice. Prior to 1800 nurses were known as lowest classes of society and education and training of nurses were poor and low health care quality were provided by nurses. First half of the 19th century, they were the undesirables (alcoholics, illiterate ) . “Modern nursing contributed by Florence nightingale Made a way for recognition of nursing as a superior compassionate profession” (A Nurses’ world- blog by nursing uniform s.net) nursing profession was also acknowledged by the military and government. The nurses themselves had to endure so much humility and sacrifices in the past in order to make it a nursing for today’s nurses. Nurses now is a part of largest healthcare industry and nurses now are highly paid and has multiple degrees in their profession. The three tends in nursing practice from the nursing timeline of history are technology, nursing organizations and nursing uniforms and caps. The technology has improved or made it to the very top compared to the nursing technology from early 1800. In early 1800’s nurses and the doctors were not concerned about hygienic environment but rather to get their job done. From 1850-1900 nursing interventions included bedpans, bandages, surgical splints, nursing bottle. From 1950-1960 technical advancement such as new medicine, ABT, IV therapy. From 1965- 1980 dialysis machines, cardiac/ fetal monitors...
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...Evolution of Health Care Information Systems There has been a very fast growth in the U.S. health care system since the early 1980s with regard to the information technology related to health care. This can be viewed as an attempt towards the standardization of the fragmented health care system. Information technology like in every other field of life has become a necessity even in the health care system and is covered by the federal regulations. The implementation of the Electronic Health Records (EHR) by 2014 has become mandated as ordered by President George.W.Bush in 2004 which was seconded by the Joint Commission for the Accreditation of Health Care Organizations (JCAHO) and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). These organizations asked the health care providers to comply with the new legislation and those community-based physician practices who were earlier reluctant to accept and implement it have now realized that the health care in sequence systems in the form of CPOE (computerized physician order entry), EMR (electronic medical records), the tele-medicine, complex disease management, and automated billing systems are very beneficial to them The paper intends to showcase the comparison and contrast between a contemporary health care facility and a traditional health care facility which prevailed before twenty years. At least two major events and technological advantages influencing the practice of the current health care information system...
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