...The Hundred Years War was a series of battles and conflicts during 1337 till 1453 between the House Plantagenet, leaders of the kingdom of England, against the House Valois, leaders of the Kingdom of France, for control of the Kingdom of France. Each side drew a lot of allies to the war. To their French possessions, the English kings became vassals of the French since the Norman Conquest. The French kings attempted, in the centuries, to decrease the belonging and possessions of their overly powerful vassals, to the end that only the land of Gascony was left for the English. The retractions or threat of retracting these lands had been part of the French plan to keep the power of the English in check, especially whenever the English were at war with the Scots, an ally of France. In 1316, the French passed a law that rejects women’s claims to the throne. When Charles IV died in 1328, Isabella of France, Charles’s sister, attempted to claim the throne for her son Edward III. The French immediately denies her claim due to the law that was established, and the throne went over to house Valois. For 9 years, the English accepted the succession, until the France interfered with Edward’s war on Scotland, which led to him reasserting his claim on the Throne. The war is divided into three phases, split by Truces that were called in between. Firstly, we have the Edwardian Era War that lasted from 1337 till 1360. Secondly, we have the Caroline War that lasted from 1369 till 1389. Thirdly...
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...Date Introduction The Battle of Agincourt Though the Agincourt war lasted for a hundred years, it had its roots more than 400 years before. The events that caused the rise of this war were the typical claims of inheritance and power. The French ruled over a small part than the English at one stage. However, this reverted after a series of external and internal conflicts between the two countries. For another time the French regained the land it owned in the North. The regained land included Normandy. For the English, they had to settle with ruminants such as Gascony (they were very profitable and valuable). Pre-Agincourt War The continuing hostility between the French and the English continued for centuries as the English claimed their right to the French throne just the way their ancestors did. Since the French king had died without a hair, King Edward the III of England claimed the rights of the throne since, Eleanor (Aunt to the French’s king) was his mother. In 1337 AD, a big war was going to break out since French ships began to raid and cause turmoil in the English settlements. In 1337 AD, the French kingdom had over 17 million (together with the greatest number of knights Europe ever had), while English kingdom had barely over 4 million. Their first major war occurred at Sluys where the English persuasively overpowered the French navy in a fight aboard the ships. With his first attempt at the war, King Edward the III had all the rights to invade and recaptured the...
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...The hero that we have selected is Joan of Arc. Joan of Arc was very influential in French history and help win the hundred years war for France. She was brave, courageous, with a strong common sense, and quick on her feet when creating battle plans. Joan broke the stereotypes by being strong-willed and going against the norms of society. She deserves the title of hero because she was able to break the siege that England had on the French town of Orléans. She also travelled for five weeks to help win and fight the battles and win the war. Since she did all of these things and more, she deserves to be remembered as a hero of France. The influences that made Joan, who she was, was also her downfall. Joan grew up on a small farm in the countryside...
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...The Hundred Years War The Hundred Years War can be traced all the way back to the mid-1000s when William the Conqueror became king of both England and Normandy. This caused England to have much land in France. With these new acquisitions for England, King Henry II started to stretch the land in France that was owned by England. This made it difficult for the following kings to control such massive amounts of land. By 1327, England’s land in France shrank down to only two pieces of land, Gascony and Ponthieu. After King of France’s Charles IV died without and remaining brothers or sons, his nephew, Edward III assumed he would become king of France. When his cousin, Philip, was crowned king, Edward III was furious. He still held the position of King of England and in 1337, with his army finally assembled; Edward III declared war on France. England was victorious in the first battle known as the Battle of Cadsand. It established the territory of the war was to be fought on only French land. Following this victory, the English won seven more battles, before the French claimed their first win in 1351 in the Battle of Ardres. The war seemed to be in England’s favor, as they continued to defeat the French army battle after battle. The French still fought, winning consecutive battles, wearing the English army down. Both sides began alternating victories, causing the war to last longer than expected. The final battle, the Battle of Castillon, ended 1453, with the French...
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...Joan was ahead of her times, she wanted to serve in The military as well as wear Mens clothing. This was due to Joan's belief that women were equal to men and were fully capable of doing the same things that men did. However, during the time period Joan of Arc lived in, these ideas were unheard of and were considered absurd, eventually leading to Joan of Arc's tragic death. In this essay I will discuss Joan of Arc's upbringing, women's rights in this era, her beliefs,her experience with hearing voices of 3 saints as well as her role in the liberation of France from England during the Hundred Years War. Even though Joan of Arc was uneducated and poor, the impact she made on history was remarkable, all because she believed that God used her as his instrument on earth. Joan of arc was your typical peasant girl born in the small village of domremy in 1412. her days consisted of helping her...
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...invasion of France started in the late summer of 1415 when King Henry V was only twenty-seven years of age and had only spent two years as king of England. Many historians have conjectured about his battle strategy upon entry into battle, but his exact planned methods and tactics still cannot be determined. However, the history of the battle is better documented than most, and because of these accounts, historians are able to determine a much clearer picture of the actual events as they took place. One of Henry’s chaplains, along with the Lord of Saint-Remy, wrote their accounts of the battle’s events. The French brought along historians by the names of Enguerrand de Monstrelet and Waurin. There were many secondary sources that contributed greatly to what is know of the battle, but the highest volume of information came from these four men. Nonetheless, something that cannot be documented is where Henry V and his men drew their motivation to enter battle facing a seemingly insurmountable opponent, and leave with victory. The conflict between these two countries over the years reached a boiling point, which lifted tensions high enough to bring the armies within range. This lesson shows that an inferior force can win a land battle given the right battlefield, social population, and troop inspiration. Over the last century, Henry V’s ancestors fought and died throughout the Hundred Years War. However, the feud between the English and French date back all the way to 1066 when William...
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...The Treaty of Troyes (1420) looked to have all but secured English victory in the Hundred Years War. England was undefeated in open battle and decisive victories at Crecy (1346), Poitiers (1356) and Agincourt (1415) further reinforced their apparent invincibility in the field. Furthermore the victorious King Henry V had become both the heir and regent of France, a kingdom ruled by a crazed king and crippled by civil war. Yet ultimately the English were defeated and this essay shall explore how the emergence of Joan of Arc, fiscal crises in England and the defection of Burgundy contributed to such a dramatic change of fortunes within the Hundred Years War. From the outset of the war it was political turmoil within France which drove English success. King Edward III compensated for England’s comparatively small army by capitalising on ‘provincial grievances and provincial separatism’ to acquire the support of key nobles within both Brittany and Normandy by 1354. Faced with the superior military technology and tactics of the English, and occupied on too many fronts by both the English and her own subjects, France simply could not sustain the war effort. Consequently France was forced into ratifying the Treaty of Brétigny (1360) which saw provinces such as Ponthieu and Aquitaine ceded to England in full sovereignty. Within fifty years history was repeating itself, as the bouts of madness suffered by King Charles VI meant that the French government was all but completely controlled...
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...The hundred years war was a series of wars between England and France, it's not a war which had lasted one hundred years as we can think when we see its name. Those wars began in 1337 and finished in 1453, so it's a little more than one hundred years. Those wars began with the death of “Charles IV Le Bel”, the last one of the Capetians. As he hadn't any direct successor, they need to find an other successor. There were 2 possibilities : - Phillipe IV, Count of Valois : He was the cousin of Charles IV - Edward III from England : He was the nephew of Charles IV (the son of Charles's sister “Elizabeth de France”) Finally Phillipe IV was chosen to succeed to Charles IV because he had not English origins contrary to the Edward : That choice will start the hundred years war. At this time England was compound by “French territories” : the Flanders, the Brittany and the Guyenne. They were dependant from those territories because of the wine's importation, the wool etc.. They really needed those products from the “French territories” for their economy, for example they no longer could exploit wines because of the weather. So when king Phillipe IV decided to annex the county of Guyenne, he launched the war. Originally, this argument began with the question of territory's extension, and when Phillipe IV took the control of “Bordeaux”, Edward replied directly by putting an embargo on the exportation of the English...
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...Recurring Patterns Throughout History: The Punic Wars and the Hundred Years War The Punic Wars happened in the years 264 BCE-146 BCE and was between Carthage and Rome. The Hundred Years’ War happened in the years 1337-1453 and was between England and France. These wars, although over a thousand years apart, exhibit many of the same themes. The Hundred Years’ War reflects the patterns of the Punic Wars: the losers of the war started stronger, the victors won because of mental strength, and the war affecting the involved parties. The losers of the wars, Carthage and England, originally had the advantage over the eventual victors of the wars, Rome and France. Carthage was in the lead for the beginnings of both the First and Second Punic War....
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...served as a crowning site for French kings. It’s very likely that Guillaume de Machaut received his education and training at a cathedral school since the Roman Catholic Church was still in power at the time and had great influence across the land. At the age of twenty three or twenty four, he became a “secretary to the king of Bohemia who was also known as King John of Luxembourg.” (Classical net web) Guillaume de Machaut was extremely faithful to the King John while he was in service to him and received what’s known as a benefice “a church appointment that brought the recipient a steady income from church revenue” (Encyclopedia Britannica Web). As a secretary to the king, Guillaume de Machaut travelled all over Europe with King John on his war campaigns often documenting what he’d seen and heard during his travels in poems and stories which often translated into song. Around 1337, Machaut, was made canon in his home diocese of Reims, and probably kept that post until the end of his life. Machaut stayed in John's service until 1346,...
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...is often associated with knights of the medieval ages. This term was used during the 11th and 12th century. The code of chivalry is a code of conduct that reflected bravery and service to others. This code of conduct was expected of the medieval knights. In his book, La Chevalerie, Leon Gautier wrote the ten commandments of chivalry which were the following: 1. Believe the Church’s teachings and observe all the Church’s directions, 2. Defend the Church, 3. Respect and defend the weak, 4. Love your country, 5. Do not fear your enemy, 6. Show no mercy and do not hesitate to make war with the infidel, 7. Perform all your feudal duties as long as they do not conflict with the laws of God, 8. Never lie or go back on one’s word, 9. Be generous, 10. Always and everywhere be right and good against evil and injustice (author, page). The knights were soldiers on horseback. They were soldiers that underwent years of training. They were highly respectable, intelligent and agile fighters. They wore full armor and used swords as weapons. They were once the best soldiers an army could have but the Battle of Agincourt changes every aspect of medieval warfare. With these knightly qualities in mind one can examine the actions that occurred in the Battle of Agincourt in 1415. This very well-known battle was a major turning point in the history of the code of chivalry. The battle of Agincourt was a noteworthy event in history where the smaller force beats the stronger force. It is considered the...
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...was good at military strategies and tactics; he had the ability to encourage morale and he was loved and respected by subordinate. Henry V was encouraged by ministers and bishop to take back France, at the same time, he received an insulting gift from French Prince; he decided to start the battle. With great courage, Henry V led nobles and civilian people won their significant victory, and finally forced the King of France signed the peace treaty between England and France. The King of France agreed to let his daughter, Catherine, marry to Henry V with the condition that their son will be the future King of France. England had its great victory over this war, and Henry V made it happen. Henry V’s fantastic skills approach, credibility, and other leadership traits were perfectly captured in the difficult overall process of the war. Henry V gave many speeches in the movie, these speeches showed his wonderful skills of leadership. There was a scene of Henry talking to the city governor of France, he was assertively threaten the French governor of attacking the French citizens if he wouldn’t let English troops get inside the city; but he mentioned that if the governor open the city gate peacefully, they wouldn’t hurt French citizens. Henry V’s speech was just right for the occasion; firstly, he didn’t send ambassadors to talk to the governor, he did it in person; secondly, he talked in details about hurting French citizens and this made an ideal threatening impact; and finally, this...
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...Kenneth Branaugh’s film version of William Shakespeare’s Henry V is based on the exploration of leadership. Although the film was difficult to follow at times, certain diction and actions of the characters made the film easier to follow. The diction and actions of King Henry V definitely showcased his abilities as a leader. Henry V focuses on leadership development by concentrating on succession, conflict and redemption. In the film, Henry V shows growth through stature and ability all while developing skills and credibility in the eyes of his followers. Because of this growth, Henry V comes to epitomize transformational leadership through his use of key qualities like vision and values, energy and a teachable point of view. It is through his use of vision and values, energy and a teachable point of view that his followers witness not only his growth as a leader, but also his attention to England’s well-being, unifying his realm and achieving organizational goals. When young King Henry V assumed the throne of his father, Henry IV, he was adamant on gaining the respect of the English people and the court. In order to gain this respect, Henry V had to live down his wild adolescent past in which he befriended drunkards and thieves and showed disrespect to the throne. As shown in the film, Henry V was willing to do whatever was necessary to disassociate himself with his adolescent past. If this meant rejecting his former drunkard and thieve friends, then Henry would do...
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...Joan of arc was born Jeanne D’Arc in 1412 AD. It was in the French town of Domremy where her love for the Catholic Church grew. She was not taught to read or write, but instead to love God. Under threat of invasion from the English, Joan’s family, and many others like them, were forced to evacuate their homes in 1422. When she turned 13, Joan started to hear voices telling her to save France. She later determined that these voices were God telling her to deliver France from England, and place Prince Charles of valois in the French throne. She also managed to convince a local court not to arrange a marriage for her at the age of 16. At first Robert de Baudricourt, a local magistrate, didn’t allow Joan to travel with all the men to Chinon,...
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...the French army. This famous victory over the French nobility left the country weak and divided. Under Charles leadership, French were without direction and real leader. When Joan of Arc came to the court she overwhelmed Charles with her passion and conviction. She was given control over an army and allowed to lead them into battle. Within a year Joan of Arc had led the French army to victories and many other towns were also liberated from English control. However a year later Joan was captured and sold to the English. The English and members of the French clergy decided to put her on trial for witchcraft. The trial was a very testing experience for Joan, but, her responses were much sharper than her prosecutors expected. As expected, Joan was found guilty and condemned to death by burning at the stake. Joan of Arc achieved a remarkable achievement in her short life of 19 years. In particular she embodied religious devotion with great bravery and humility, her life helped change the course of French history. She was very inspirational to me because she who was a normal peasant from village willing to take up arm and went into a war under the God guidance. She died for her own...
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