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The Impact of Computer in Our Modern Days Organization ( a Case Study of Federal College of Education Technical Asaba, Delta State)

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CHAPTER ONE
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

1.0 INTRODUCTION
The invention of computers has brought tremendous change into various aspects of human endeavor. In the 1960s computers were used by relatively few people but presently computer has great impact on our society than any other device invented in the second half of the 20th century.
The impact of computer is felt in all professions for example, in medical line, computer is used in management information system, billing system and drug administration. Likewise in education computers are useful in teaching the basic skills.
In office management the use of computer has made great impact on the area of our modern office equipment which had been automated such as typewriters, communication system and language translation. In business and professional office, computer is used in inventory. Control information processing, accounting programs payroll, designing and so on to mention but a few.
Man enjoys entertainment, of the computer at home after a number of advantages, it allows on to practice in private keeps one of the street and it teaches one so many things in the area of Government, taking decision planning forecasting and budgeting and so on, the use of computer to process information and to make logical decision much faster than man is steadily being exploited.
Computer have become an integral part of our lives having more advantage than disadvantage. Apart from the positive impacts of computers in our world, they affect our lives in some ways which are not beneficial those include crime aid, invasion of individual policy and changing the job and home environments. 1.1 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
There are numerous problems in use of computer in organization services. These problems include: the use of computer in modern organization has come with so many challenges despite the improvement, it has made on our lives. These challenges are: loss of craftsmanship, lack of basic computer skills, training and development, not adequate, epileptic power supply and partial loss of sight by operators. These challenges are what I wish to look into seriously. 1.2 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of the study is to systematically examine the role of computer in organization with special relevance to Federal College of education (Technical), Asaba. 1.3 THE SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study is to identify the impact of computer in our Modern day organization with Federal College of Education (Technical), Asaba as a case study. 1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The following research questions were formulated as a guide in analyzing the impact of computer in modern organization. 1. Does the use of computer enhance productivity? 2. Does a poor infrastructure affect the proper use of computer in the internet 3. Does lack of finance hinder the proper functioning of computers? 4. Does the user of computer in organization save time and energy 5. Does security have effect on the use of computers in an organization 6. Does computer provide better services in our modern day’s organization? 7. Does power supply partial loss of soft by operators?] 8. Do you think computer helps in development of the nation’s economy? 9. Does most people find it difficult to use computer in modern day? 10. Does computer produce standardized or uniformed work? 1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The significance of the study cannot be over emphasized because it will afford computer operators, the companies and Government the need to be computer literate, as it is now needed in every area of human endeavor including organizations. The findings of this research will undoubtedly serve as beneficial to bother the computer- operators and companies and the Government institutions. It will also enable the Government to know that there is higher demand for computer services in organizations. 1.6 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
This research work was limited to Federal College off Education (Technical) Asaba. 1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Based on the peculiar use of words they are defined as follows
Telephone: this is an apparatus for transmission and reproduction of sound by means of frequency electrical waves.
Computers: this is a programmable electronic device that can accept data as input process that data, store the data and give out information as output.
Communication: this is the process or activity of expressing ideas and feelings or giving people information.
Information: this means that facts or detail about something or somebody.
Program: this is a stet of instructions written in a computer language upon which the computer acts.
Motivation organization: in these organizations the business of the enterprise takes place in an environment in which employees make research, decision or develop products based on the result of that mission, the knowledge centric organizations also employs on coterie of knowledge workers. Librarians, content manager project managers and so on. So to achieve this goal organizations must be helped by IT software are specialized information management teams capable to organized all the business knowledge that is spread in human brains and behaviors relies the real treasure of today’s organization.
Users: the term users is a special group that contains all users who have user permissions on the serves. When a Macintosh user assigns, permission to everyone, those permissions are given to the groups.
User: is a person who uses a computer if the computer is connected to a network, a user can acess the programs and files on the computer as well as programs and files located on the network depending on account determined by the network (administrator). 1.8 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF FEDERAL COLLEGE OF EDUCATION (TECHNICAL), ASABA.
Federal college of education (Technical) Asaba was established by Decree No. 4 1986 published in an extraordinary gazette No. 16 Vol.73 of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. The decree was amended by decree No. 6 of 1993 the commercial operation in September, 1987 at the present temporary site which housed the defunct Asaba Technical College, Asaba. The permanent site of college is along Ibusa Road, Asaba. The School of Business Education, Technical Education, have already moved to the permanent site of college.

CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 INTRODUCTION
A computer according to C.S French (2005) is a device that works under the control of stored program, automatically accepting stored and processing data to produce information that is the result of that processing.
So, when the computer processes data, it actually performs a number of separate functions as follows:
Input: the computer accepts data from outside for processing within
Storage: the computer holds data internally before during and after processing.
Processing: the computer performs operation on the data it holds within.
Output: the computer produces data from within for external use. Computers are used for different purpose and some of this used are: 1) It can be used for washing clothes 2) It can be used to produce written documents faster and more accurately. 3) It can be used to diagnose an illness and prescribed appropriated drugs as it were. 4) It can be used to forecast the weather condition of place 5) It can also be used for communication purpose example data communication, E-mail, internet, telecommunication, etc.
Hence, the review of the relevant interest will cover the impact of computer in organization in other words, the effects of computer and their use on radio, television, telephone, E-mail, internet etc.

2.1 DATA TRANSMISSION/COMMUNICATION
Nowadays, “Data Transmission” is usually understood to mean the movement of data by organization system. It is possible by this means to link a number of remote terminals to a central computer. Data and information can be transmitted between the computer and the terminals in both directions. The use of organization facilities makes possible much faster transmission. The basic components of such a simple transmission system are: * A central Computer * A terminal device * Organization link between A and B special equipment is needed to provide communication link. The device called MODEMs is able to commit the system along the received data from a telephone circuit. This enables the terminal to be used in exactly the same way as if connected directly to the computer by a short piece of cable when in fact the terminal could be in another city or country.

COMMUNICATION

Terminals

POINT-TO-POINT DATA COMMUNICATION DATA COMMUNICATION CAN BE – LINE OR OFF- LINE On-line: communication may involve transmitting from a reading directly into a computer to some remote output device or from computer to another. Off-line: communication is off-line where data are read from an input medium transmitted to another location and written on some machine processable form. 2.2 COMPUTER ARE ORGANIZATION FACILITATES THE TELEPHONE David J. Anderson (2006) viewed a telephone as a device, which enable verbal message to be passed very quickly between two people in conversation. According to Ayodele Asadu (2007) the telephone system is meant for an immediate transmission of oral or verbal message. Telephone is for conversation between two people either within or outside the country. it operates on different form of installation such as: Subscriber trunks Dialine (STI) this is a special telephone services for trunk calls (i.e. out of station calls). Calls are automatically recorded to the subscribed meter as soon as they are connected. This system provides long distance calls for short duration at cheap rate. Private Branch Exchange (PBE): this is used by large organization such as universities or large companies with many telephone extention. NITEL Arrange to install a switchboard or PBE as at external calls to and from the office. Private telephone lines: here communication between two or more points can take place without using the public system. This is possible through direct lines, which can be installed for the purpose. Ayodele Asadu (2008) stated that there are different types of telephone services which includes: Local calls: these are telephone calls within a locality or the same town or city or village of around 24 kilometers radius local call numbers are usually in six digits in Nigeria. Trunk calls: these are calls outside the calls over and are usually from one town to another e.g. from Enugu to Lagos. Trunk calls can be made either through the operator or by direct dialing. Internal calls: telephone call can be made to countries outside Nigeria. Telephone Charges calls: this is useful for a firm’s representative who for instance is telephoning his head office from outside the country. the cost of such phone calls are transferred to the subscribe called at head office. Freestone: when a subscriber wants to receive calls without changing the callers he obtain a “free tone” call number to which all the phone calls to him are charged the subscribes pays the bill where public telephone circuits are used a MODEM must be provided at each end of the line “MODEM” is short for Modulate Demodulator. Its function is to modulate the signals into frequencies suitable for transmission and to demodulate them at the receiving end. A cheaper alternative to the modem is the acoustic couple, which makes it possible to use any ordinary telephone hand set for transmission. This is suitable for low-speed transmission, when a number of terminates are linked to a central computer, a multiplexor has to be part of the computer hardware. This deals with the routing work of handling income and outgoing messages, which would otherwise occupy an excessive amount of processor time. To reduce transmission costs, a dataplex or concentrator may be used. This connects a number of terminals that are close to each other but not to the central computers. The messages are transmitted in a single team using multiplexing techniques. Trucks charges thus have to be paid for only one stream of data instead of for each terminal concentrators may also be used when the computer is on the same sits conservators usually use a method called asynchronous time-division multiplexing. In which the signal from each terminals are transmitted with each item 2.3 NETWORKING According to Elsevier (2009), Computer Network is an international, archive journal providing a publication vehicle for complete coverage of all topics of interst to those involved in the computer communications networking area. The audience includes researchers, managers and operators of networks as well as designers and implementers. The editorial board will consider any material for publication that is of interest to those groups. However, if the computer in the network operates together as a single until, which to the user appears as a single computer, hence the complete system is more accurately described as a distributed system. There are different types of network which includes: Local Area Network (LANS): this is a method inter connecting computer, peripherals or other communication devices with a short distance. For example, interconnection within a building between rooms, halls etc. Wide area Networks (WANS): this may also be referred to as long hall network (LANS). It is the interconnection of computer peripherals and other communication device between two or more different countries, continents etc. this is the type of communication link used for internet. Communication between interconnected system is a complex activity that takes place OSN a number of different levels. At the lowest level there is the typical transmission of signals and at the highest level there may be communication of message in natural languages. According to Bradley Mitchell, (1999), in the world of computers, networking is the practice of linking two or more computing devices together for the purpose of sharing data. networks are built with a mix of computer hardware and computer software.

Network Structures: There are numbers of standard network structures which includes: * Star network * Loop/ring network * Multidrop network * Tree network * Mesh network * Interconnected rings This is what looks like small circle that represent nodes in the network, which are connections points or switching points depending upon the kinds of network. One popular form of LAN is Ethernet pioneered by XEROX. Ethernet work on the same principle as a bus with network devices being connected to it at various points. Standard Ethernet uses a coaxial cable somewhat Lagos than that use for domestic TV aerials but there are several variants, which used thin wires and high capacity versions which use optical fibers. Today, data can be communicated though different information network using the information supper high way technology. These can be achieved with services like internet, Electronic Mail (E-Mail) and Bulleting Board Services (BBS). 2.4 THE INTERNET The word “Internet” is an acronym which derives from the words “international network” these is local national and international network in current use and most major network are interconnected. The internet is used for the following main purpose. * Information “Browsing” * Newsgroups * File transfer * Access and the use father computers Information browsing: this enables the end user to search and find information of interest aided by special software and data stored in realist unseable format. A www.(worldwidewebs) browser program enables the user to either search data by name or by specifying a known location. Locations are specified by a URL (Uniform Resource Location) for example the general URL for Microsoft is HTTP://Microsoft.Com/. Electronic Mail (E-mail) as its names suggests, electronic mail has features more familiar to the postal services than the telephone services. The main feature of E-mail includes: a) Each main user has a mailbox which is accessed via a computer terminal within the system by entering a password. Message are sent they must consist of two parts a giving the address of the sends and the body of the texts. b) The mailing system provides computerized ways of preparing, entering and editing text. c) The mailing system provides means of filing and retrieving messages. New group under a facility on the internet called user net individuals can gain access to a very software receives. “postings” of information and transmits new postings to users who have registered their interest in receiving the information. File transfer: Data in the form of files can be transferred access the internet from one site to another by using FTP (File Transfer Protocol) FTP software is needed at both ends to handle the transfer. Access and use of other computer: a facility called TALENT enables and use on one computer to be command a users of another computer access the network examples; able to run program on the other machine as if a local user. The three most common ways for an individual user to access the internet are as follows: Through a connection already set up through his/her own company or organizational computer. Typically the service is accessed in a similar way to others services on a LAN. Through paying for an account with an “internet service provided” company. The user will need a PC, a modern telephone line and suitable software in order to connect to the services. Through a bulletin board services (BBS) e.g. compuserve network requirements. It can be broken down into hardware and software requirements. 2.5 HARDWARE ARE REQUIREMENT FOR COMMUNICATION Hardware is the physical devices in a computer system. They can be seen and touched. The hardware equipment for communication includes: * Files server (Host computer) * Workstation (Computer Terminals) * Network cable e.g. Coaxial cables * Network interface card (NIC) * Modern concentrator * Routers SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT FOR COMMUNICATION Software is a set of instruction arranged in a meaningful manner, which instruct the computer on the procedures involved in accomplishing a particular task. The software cannot function without the hardware. Unlike the hardware, it is the invisible device in a computer. The software requirements for communication are: Network operating system The operating system for the workstation The workstation network shell (the request or redirector) 2.6 ADVANTAGES OF USING NETWORKS The sharing resources and information * The provision of local facilities without the loss of central control. * The even distribution of work, processing load etc * It improves communication facilities * The disadvantage of using network is that the cost of purchase and maintenance of the requirement are high. Again, somebody who is not computer literate will find it hard to see in communication. 2.7 ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTERS IN COMMUNICATION Computer offers wide range of function too numerous to mention in organization. Some of the functions however includes. It offers the exchange of information round the globe. It also affords ready and quick access to global information. For example, CNN News, BBC world, Encyclopedia, Scholarship etc. * It affords the opportunity of buying and selling on the net as well as advertising your product and job vacancies. * It provides the opportunity of access to book journals, magazines and newspapers on the net, for example oxford University library books and journals can be accessed through the internet. * Distant learning can be conducted via the net through the internet; leaders of respective nation can meet for discussion with each one not having to move out of his office or country to a particular venue. Applicants can also scout for job vacancies placed as adverts on their television, radio etc and tender their applications as well. * Banks transactions are carried out on the net. Money can be deposited, withdrawn and transferred from one bank to another and account updated. * Emergency message are sent faster and it gets to the recipient easily. * Again, computer in organization save time and energy. 2.8 DISADVANTAGES OF COMMUNICATION OF COMPUTER IN * Anything that has advantage also has disadvantages some of the disadvantages of computer in communication are: * The poor cannot afford to use it due to its high cost and maintenance. * The case of unsteady electricity by power supply one cannot receive or send an urgent or emergency information. * It does not guarantee 100% privacy of information. * It requires some length of training to be able to use CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.0 INTRODUCTION In this chapter, the research intent to discuss the methods and procedures used in carrying out the research study. Reliable information through oral questions and interview were used to get the necessary information. This chapter therefore deals essentially with the research design population, the sample and sampling techniques instrument for data collection, validation reliability of the instrument methods of data collection and method of data analysis. 3.1 DESIGN OF THE STUDY The primary aim of this study is to determine the impact of computer in our modern day organization in Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba.

3.2 SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUES The research selected Federal College of Education (technical), Asaba for sample. Those selected were both computer operators’ secretary and system programmers and analyst making the total respondents on hundred (100). 3.3 INSTRUMENT FOR DATA COLLECTION The instrument for data collection is through the use of personal discussions interview and questionnaires. 3.4 VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF THE INSTRUMENT To ascertain in validity of this questionnaire, the instrument was tested by secretary, computer operators a system programmers and analyst from the school inside for the purpose of this study. This is to enable the researcher to see how difficult or easy it will be to the secretary, computer operators, system programmers and analyst. 3.5 RELIABILITY OF THE INSTRUMENT The instruments used were controlled through personal interview and the administering of the questionnaire to the people selected in Federal college of education(Technical) Asaba, Delta State. 3.6 ADMINISTRATION OF THE INSTRUMENT The research administered the instrument personally to the respondents in the process of administering the questionnaire; the research met some individual communicating through telephone and internet. 3.7 DESCRIPTION OF INSTRUMENT USED Questionnaire was the main instrument used in collecting relevant data among the questions asked. Some were response question containing Yes/No answers. 3.8 METHODS OF DATA ANALYSIS The data collected from the questionnaire were organization based on the research questions formulated for the study. All data collected were analyzed using simple percentage relationship.

CHAPTER FOUR PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA 4.0 INTRODUCTION Data analysis is the categorizing manipulating and summarizing of the data to obtain answers to research questions. The purpose of data analysis is to reduce the collected data to an interpretable form so that the relations or research problems can be studied and tested. As mentioned in chapter three, all the responses to the question will be tabulate in a simple percentage interpretative method. Based on the data collected, the research will be tested to know impact of computer in our day modern organization. The responses of the respondents are tabulated and their percentage determined. A total number of one hundred (100) questionnaires were administered and 100 were returned.

Question1: Does poor infrastructure affect the proper use of ICT in the internal? | No of Responses | Percentage | YES | 94 | 94% | NO | 6 | 6% | TOTAL | 100 | 100% | From the above table 94% of the respondents agreed that it is necessary to use computer in modern day organization while 6% said no to it. From the findings therefore, computers are needed for effective and efficient functioning of organization.

Question 2: Does the use of computer enhance productivity? Table 2 | No of Responses | Percentage | YES | 97 | 97% | NO | 3 | 3% | TOTAL | 100 | 100% | The above table shows that 97% of the respondents believes that most people use of computer enhance productivity, while 3% said no to that. Question 3: Does lack of finance hinder the proper functioning of ICT? Table 3 | No of Responses | Percentage | YES | 90 | 90% | NO | 10 | 10% | TOTAL | 100 | 100% | From the analysis above, 90% of the respondents agreed that lack of finance hinder the proper functioning of computer, while 10% opposed it. This shows that computer provides better services to users and subscribers in organization. Question 4 Does ICT help in development of the nation’s economy? Table 4 | No of Responses | Percentage | YES | 79 | 79% | NO | 21 | 21% | TOTAL | 100 | 100% | The above table shows that 79% of the respondents agreed that computer help in development of the nation’s economy, while 21% disagreed with it.

Question 5: Does lack of security have effect on the use of ICT in an organization? Table 5 | No of Responses | Percentage | YES | 80 | 80% | NO | 20 | 20% | TOTAL | 100 | 100% | The above table shows that 80% of the respondents agreed that lack of security have effect on the use of ICT in an organization, while 20% disagree with it.

Question 6: Does the use of computers in organization save time and energy? Table 6 | No of Responses | Percentage | YES | 91 | 91% | NO | 9 | 9% | TOTAL | 100 | 100% | The analysis of table above shows that 91% of the respondents agreed that computer saves time 9% of the respondents disagreed that computer saves time, therefore much stress is not required in.

Question 7 Does epileptic power supply in enhance the productivity of ICT operators? Table 7 | No of Responses | Percentage | YES | 97 | 97% | NO | 3 | 3% | TOTAL | 100 | 100% | From the above table 97% of the respondents agree that lack of epileptic power supply enhance the productivity of computer operators.

Question 8: Do most people find it difficult to use computer in-out modern day? Table 8 | No of Responses | Percentage | YES | 88 | 88% | NO | 12 | 12% | TOTAL | 100 | 100% | From the above table shows that 88% of the respondents agree that most people find it difficult to use computer in our modern day, 12% disagree with that.

Question 9: Does computer provide better services in our modern day organization? Table 9 | No of Responses | Percentage | YES | 90 | 90% | NO | 10 | 10% | TOTAL | 100 | 100% | From the analysis above, 90% of the respondents agreed that computer provides better services in our modern organization, while 10% opposed it. This shows that computer provides services to users and subscribers in our organizations.

Question 10: Does most people find it difficult to use computer in modern days? Table 10 | No of Responses | Percentage | YES | 90 | 90% | NO | 10 | 10% | TOTAL | 100 | 100% | From the analysis above, 90% of the respondents agreed that most people find it difficult to use computer in modern days, while 10% opposed it.

Question 11: Does the use of machinery enhance job satisfaction Table 11 | No of Responses | Percentage | YES | 97 | 97% | NO | 3 | 3% | TOTAL | 100 | 100% | The table above shows that 97% of the respondents agreed that the use off machinery enhance job satisfaction, while 3% disagreed with that. Question 12 Does the use of ICT reduce stress? Table 12 | No of Responses | Percentage | YES | 70 | 70% | NO | 30 | 30% | TOTAL | 100 | 100% | The above table shows that 70% of the respondents agreed that the use of ICT reduce stress, while 30% disagreed with that. Question 13: Do you think that the use of ICT will reduce the number of employees that are to do the same job? | No of Responses | Percentage | YES | 69 | 69% | NO | 31 | 31% | TOTAL | 100 | 100% | The above table shows that 69% of the respondents agree that the use of ICT will reduce the number of employees that are to do the same job, while 31% disagreed with that.

Question 14: Does the Use of ICT enhance synergy? Table 14 | No of Responses | Percentage | YES | 50 | 50% | NO | 50 | 50% | TOTAL | 100 | 100% | The above table shows that 50% of the respondents agreed that the use of ICT enhance synergy, while 50% disagreed with that. Question 15 Does the use of ICT makes secretary more productive? Table 15 | No of Responses | Percentage | YES | 90 | 90% | NO | 10 | 10% | TOTAL | 100 | 100% | The above table shows that 90% of the respondents agreed that the use of ICT makes secretary more productive, while 10% disagreed with that.

CHAPTER FIVE DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION 5.0 DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
This research work was based on the impact of computer in our modern day organization. The findings of this research are based on the analysis of data collected from respondents. The following constitutes the findings of this research. 1. The study reveals that computer provides better services in organizations 2. That banking transactions have greatly improved since bank communicates with each other and send funds transfer instructions over communication network. 3. That organizations are taking advantage of electronic libraries that are stored in a central computer 4. It was however found out that lack of control over computer system security has resulted in the undesirable consequences for people i.e. economic loss resulting from fraudulent transaction, loss of privacy and inconveniences 5. It was found out that computers help in spreading information and saves transportation cost and time and the risk of travelling. 6. Also the study reveals that organizations are taking advantage of the social media and social networks to advertise their products and organizations 7. The study equally reveals that more and more organizations are getting feed backs from their market as regards their products and services and this is aided by information system technology.
5.1 RECOMMENDATIONS
In the light of the above findings and in order to create room for improvement, the researcher recommends the following: 1. The government should introduce mass computer literacy education program in the nation to enable every citizens acquire the skills of computer as it affects every area of human endeavor 2. They should be constant power supply to promote the use of computer operators’ organization 3. The study of computer in institution of higher learning should be practically oriented to meet and societal demand. 4. Government should organize seminar based on computer science for staff in various industries and sectors.
5.2 CONCLUSION
From all indication and verification, it is obviously observed that the knowledge of computer is highly needed in all human endeavors for fast and accuracy purpose. Computer has contributed greatly to the daily life of man in so many ways such that it is a basic for the nation technological advancement. It is a factor for improving the living standard of man with regards to education, health and industries.

REFERENCES
Ayodele Asadu (2007): the telephone System is meant for an immediate transmission
Ayodele Asadu (2008): it states Different types of Telephone
Chapel, R.T (2000): Business Communication. Britain: Pitman publishing.
David J. Anderson (2006): it views a telephone as a Device
French, C.S. (2002): Computer Science London: The Bath press
Grankrager, J. (2005): information Technology in the Office, UK: McGraw Hill Book Computer Limited Nigeria Journal of Technical Education Today Vol. 2 Nov
Odogho, F.D (2007): Fundamentals of Computer and information Technology Benin City Dayspring publication.
Sanders, H.D (2009): Computers Today UK McGraw-Hill book company limited.
Ukeje, A. S (2009): Modern Data processing using Computer, Benin Dayspring Publication

APPENDIX I

School of Business, Staff Training Centre, Directorate of Establishment And Pensions, Asaba, In Affiliation with the Delta State Polytechnic, Ogwashi-Uku.

Dear Respondents.
I am a final year of the above named school/institution, I am conducting a research on the impact of a computer in our Modern Day Organization.
The questionnaire is solely for academic work and every information supplied will be treated confidentially and used for the purpose of the research work for which it is meant.
I hope you will sincerely answer questionnaire to the best of your knowledge.
Thanks for your anticipated co-operation. Yours faithfully, Ochuba Mary A.
APPENDIX II QUESTIONNAIRES
Instruction: Please mark ( √ ) to any of the following operations to each questions that is being asked below: Yes or no 1) Does the use of computer enhance productivity?
Yes [ ] No [ ] 2) Does poor infrastructure affect the proper use of computer in the internet?
Yes [ ] No [ ] 3) Does lack of finance hinder the proper use of computer?
Yes [ ] No [ ] 4) Does lack of security affect on the use of computers in an organization?
Yes [ ] No [ ] 5) Does the users of computer in organization save time? Yes [ ] No [ ] 6) Does computer provide better services in our modern days organization?
Yes [ ] No [ ] 7) Does epileptic power supply affects productivity of computer operators?
Yes [ ] No [ ] 8) Do you think computer help in development of the nation’s economy?
Yes [ ] No [ ] 9) Do most people find it difficult to use computer in modern days?
Yes [ ] No [ ] 10) Does computer produce standardized or uniform work?
Yes [ ] No [ ] 11) Does the use of machine enhance job satisfaction?
Yes [ ] No [ ]

12) Does the use of ICT reduce stress?
Yes [ ] No [ ] 13) Do you think that the use of ICT reduce the number of employees that are to do the same job?
Yes [ ] No [ ] 14) Does the use of ICT enhance synergy?
Yes [ ] No [ ] 15) Does the use of ICT make the secretary more productive?
Yes [ ] No [ ]

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...DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA EFFECT OF STUDENTS’ IMPROVISED INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS ON SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ACHIEVEMENT IN BIOLOGY. BY MBEREKPE AUGUSTINE, CHUKWUNYEREMUNWA REG NO: PG/M.ED/09/50813 SUPVERISOR: PROF: U. M. NZEWI JANUARY, 2013 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Science has been reorganized as the bedrock on which modern day technological breakthrough is hanged. The major goal of science education is to develop scientifically literate individuals that are concerned with high competence for rational thoughts and actions. The objectives of science education in this country according to Maduekwe (2006) include the need to prepare students to: Observe and explore the environment, explain simple natural phenomena, develop scientific attitudes including curiosity, critical reflection and objectivity, apply the skills and knowledge gained through science to solve everyday problems in the environment, develop self-confidence and self-reliance through problem solving activities in science. Nowadays, countries all over the world, especially the developing ones like Nigeria, are striving hard to develop technologically and scientifically, since the world is turning Scientific and all proper functioning of lives depend greatly on Science. According to Ogunleye (2006), Science is a dynamic human activity concerned...

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