...As the book suggests, Piaget final stage of cognitive development starts at an age of eleven and continues throughout adulthood. At this stage, an individual who was able to reach this stage successfully had successfully been able to think abstractly, this is usually achieved by developing both inductive and deductive reasoning. Thus, for the purpose of acing my MCAT exam, I worked on both inductive and deductive reasoning skills. I developed my deductive reasoning skills through analyzing, breaking down each question, set a general rule and then draw a conclusion from the information provided. Deductive reasoning was a helpful process to deduce the most possible solution or multiple choices based on the information given in each...
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...The importance of understanding what is known prior to making a decision comes in when you actually make that final decision. If an individual does not fully understand the situation before they make a decision, they have a better chance of making the wrong decision. People often make decisions based on their first thoughts of the situation and this can cause a problem because they do not fully understand what is going on. If that individual would have taken the time to listen more or ask more questions about the situation they might have gotten more information that could of changed their final decision. This decision tends to be a more sound decision that the individual can rely on more so then those decision make strictly from opinions. Deductive reasoning plays a major role in the decision making process because it is the process of making a decision based on facts that lead you to the final decision. Not all decisions can be made using deductive reasoning but those that can are easier to back up because they are based of factual evidence. This factual evidence in a way guarantees the conclusion in the end and gives you a sound decision in the end. The process of deductive reasoning aids in understanding an argument because an individual is thinking critically before they make the final decision. Taking into consideration the factual evidence that the argument has is the best way to make a decision and for an individual to not think critically about a argument and the facts...
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...learning of reasoning. Include within your analysis how you would include discussion and ICT.” Reasoning falls under the ‘Using and applying’ heading of the National Strategies guidance (DfES,2006) this covers ‘Making decisions, reasoning and generalising about numbers and shapes; and problems involving ‘real life’, money or measures’ (p3). This assignment will discuss activities which develop children’s abilities to reason. In addition it will consider the underlying skills required to develop children’s confidence and understanding of reasoning. Finally it will consider whether a child acquiring the skill of reasoning is important to their education and mathematical development. In addition throughout it will examine the teachers’ role in developing high-quality mathematical dialogue. To some, the ability to reason may seem like a simple skill, however in order for a person to reason there are many fundamental skills which must be first developed. The Using and Applying Guidance Paper (DfES,2006) believes before children are able to reason they must first acquire a confidence with solving problems and thinking logically. Then they should develop the ability to ‘represent’ the problem, choosing key information and using mathematical calculations, pictures and diagrams to record their thinking. Next they must develop the skill of enquiring, asking questions to further their understanding of a problem. Finally they are able to develop their understanding of reasoning and communication...
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...1. How does inductive logical thought differ from deductive logical thought? How can a researcher benefit from using both kinds of thinking? Inductive and deductive reasoning are two methods of logic used to arrive at a conclusion based on information assumed to be true. Deductive reasoning arrives at a specific conclusion based on generalizations. Inductive reasoning takes events and makes generalizations. Inductive reasoning is essentially the opposite of deductive reasoning. It involves trying to create general principles by starting with many specific instancesInductive reasoning progresses from observations of individual cases to the development of a generality. Both are used in research to establish hypotheses. Induction is usually described as moving from the specific to the general, while deduction begins with the general and ends with the specific; arguments based on experience or observation are best expressed inductively, while arguments based on laws, rules, or other widely accepted principles are best expressed deductively. Chapter 2 Page 48-49 2. Human nature is the development of culture. Explain how human beings came to the only creatures to make use of culture as strategy for survival. Provide one specific example. On the psychological side, meaning is to make sense of the ideas, experiences, feelings, and images that persade our lives. On the social side, meaning is to be sensible about the external forms we use to make our internal creations...
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...Understanding the Doctoral Research Process Julia Coy-Ybarra Northcentral University November 24, 2013 Understanding the Doctoral Research Process An obvious factor in understanding the doctoral research process is having chosen the right academy to pursue the doctorate. Other deciding factor are the reference resources that are easily accessible to the student—a Writing Center and a Library database. The ultimate decision is choosing the right specialization program. Once these are done, what follows are organization, commitment, and dedication to the doctoral process. Introduction Following university standards is the threshold to acquiring a doctorate. Hence, these standards are the Academic Integrity Guidelines, APA writing standards, understanding the function of the School of Education, and the online function of your Academic Advisor. An online commitment to pursue a Doctorate is a very solitary commitment. The process will fail to provide any personal face-to-face interaction between student and mentor, between student and advisor, bantering with colleagues, or befriending the Dean of the School in any way but grades. Consequently, the student must make a commitment and prepare for this singular or introverted activity. The Research Process Nevertheless, in order to fully understanding the research process of the doctoral process, one needs to select a topic that...
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...philosophy arguing their views. Dating back to 200 AD, Sextus Empiricus was one of the first skeptics on induction and questioned whether induction is a valid form of scientific reasoning. Almost two thousands years later the debate still continues, however along the way many philosophers, most notably David Hume, have made major contribution to “the problem of induction debate”. Inductive reasoning has been commonly used for explanation, however problems associated with inductive reason make a case for it to be misleading and a questionable form of reasoning. In this paper I will argue that a logical response...
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...Globalization Argumentative Essay and Critical Thinking Introduction Globalization involves various ideas of the business incorporating the process that extends to nearly all parts of the world. It aims at developing a global economy that is increasingly integrating through the utilization of free trade. More so, it taps the free flow of resources (like capital) and tapping of foreign labor markets that are quite cheap. Globalization can be to some extent useful or beneficial to the business is some ways. For instance, it makes the operation of foreign markets much efficient. The right, in this case, involves having benefited, profits, or advantage. Therefore, globalization is necessary and precisely enough for all businesses. It is because it helps the company or business by ensuring increased profits in other markets of the world (Boudreaux, 2008). (1, Premise) The operation of open markets makes the businesses to have an efficient flow of information due to improved and extensive communication. The clients and customers can communicate thus advancement of the company performance effectively. The connection permits the companies to manage the inventories, supplies as well as the distribution networks. There is ease of marketing and selling of businesses’ products on a similar schedule as it would happen in respective home countries. (1, Conclusion) Globalization permits various businesses to transact in foreign countries through the ability to sell while marketing the...
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...of the statements that appear in the chapters of the conceptual framework on objectives and qualitative characteristics. It then considers how these statements are used by standard setters in reasoning towards accounting standards. The kind of reasoning involved and the type of statements that are used in such reasoning is examined. The idea that some of the statements in the conceptual framework express desires that are to be fulfilled by financial reporting regulated by accounting standards is explored. These should be conceived as expressing general desires that are used in practical or instrumental reasoning towards accounting standards rather than as universal desires that enable the deduction of such standards. The need for the exercise of judgement in such reasoning is explored. The nature of the other statements in the conceptual framework is ambiguous. They are sometimes taken to be empirical statements about how the desires are to be fulfilled and sometimes taken as statements about the meaning of expressions used to express these desires. The paper suggests that the development of the conceptual framework would be easier and the final product would have more credibility if its nature and role was more clearly understood. Key words: Conceptual framework; instrumental reasoning; judgement;...
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...of the statements that appear in the chapters of the conceptual framework on objectives and qualitative characteristics. It then considers how these statements are used by standard setters in reasoning towards accounting standards. The kind of reasoning involved and the type of statements that are used in such reasoning is examined. The idea that some of the statements in the conceptual framework express desires that are to be fulfilled by financial reporting regulated by accounting standards is explored. These should be conceived as expressing general desires that are used in practical or instrumental reasoning towards accounting standards rather than as universal desires that enable the deduction of such standards. The need for the exercise of judgement in such reasoning is explored. The nature of the other statements in the conceptual framework is ambiguous. They are sometimes taken to be empirical statements about how the desires are to be fulfilled and sometimes taken as statements about the meaning of expressions used to express these desires. The paper suggests that the development of the conceptual framework would be easier and the final product would have more credibility if its nature and role was more clearly understood. Key words: Conceptual framework; instrumental reasoning; judgement;...
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...Cognitive Development Psychology 1000 Cognitive development has to do with the way humans understand and experience the world and deals with issues like memory, thinking and decision-making and concept comprehension. During the prenatal period, cognitive development is highly involved in physical development as the primary tool for cognition; the brain is still being developed. During the infant stage and early childhood, things like speaking, comprehension and object recognition occur. Thoughts about the world are simple, and judgments are made in an either/or ideas. Middle childhood brings the beginning of concrete and logical thinking, and adolescence brings about a phase where cognitive judgments are often overruled by feelings and impulses because of the body's rapidly changing physical and biological climate. Young adulthood is the human cognitive greatest time of development, as the capacity for quick and accurate memory, thought processing and information gathering function at the highest levels. Notions of the world, judgment and morals become more complicated and complex. During adulthood, humans get better at solving problems, although they begin to experience some signs of slow down with...
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...Title: Role of accounting on business behaviors impacted by tax changes in Malaysia Justification There are many factors influence the changes of accounting importance where the role of accounting evolves along with the business changes affected by these factors. One of the factors that affect role of accounting in business field is tax. In Malaysia, Tax is generally divided into 2 types which are direct and indirect tax. Direct tax can be defined as tax which is imposed straight to the taxpayer. In short, the payment of tax is between taxpayer towards government. Examples of direct tax are income tax from employee salary, corporation tax, property tax, and etc. Meanwhile, indirect tax is a type of charge that can be transferred to the other person. A good example of indirect tax is restaurant that collect tax charge of the food’s sold from the customer (sales tax). Other examples of indirect tax are custom duty, central excise duty, and service tax). In brief, the history of Malaysia tax was started with more dependency towards indirect tax where establishment of direct tax has only started to take effect from 1 January 1948. This establishment has changed the trend of Malaysia tax which depends more and more on direct tax until today. In 2009 itself, government revenue has grown to 48.6% from direct tax. The urgency of understanding changes in accounting role due to tax, become important because of several reasons. Firstly, as the globalization of the economy develops...
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...'round. Scientists find things out by themselves, not by asking God. Now finding out things on our own is not easy, but in ways big or smal most of us would have had this kind of experience whether we are aware of it or not. This is to say in practice we al know something about this art which here, folowing Sherlock Holmes, we are caling the art of detection. Indeed when reading Sherlock Holmes or other detectives few of us would hesitate to put in our two cents worth: we are competent to criticise their techniques since we too know something about this art. Most people think of the art of detection as a form of reasoning. It is not deductive reasoning, obviously, but something similar. Sometimes they point out the diference by saying deductive reasoning is reasoning forwards whereas in the art of detection we are reasoning backwards. They are both forms of reasoning; it is just that they move in...
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...decision-making Our everyday lives are filled with many choices and decisions which will impact on our lives both in the short and long-term. Our perception of the impact of these decisions on our own lives and those around us will affect how much time and effort is given to arriving at these decisions. There are several factors which impact on thinking, judgement and decision-making and it is important to note that often these occur simultaneously rather than as individual areas but in order fully understand the entire process we must analyse the factors in each individual area. While it is neither practicable or possible to consider all the factors in every decision, knowledge of the factors, process and how they interact can be of critical importance. By understanding the factors, we can ascertain how we make decisions and by gaining knowledge on the entire process, we can ultimately arrive at better decisions by being conscious of our thought and application process. How we think and apply our thought process to the decisions often determine the paths we choose to take. There are two systems, or modes, which determine how we think (Kahneman, 2011). The first system is fast, automatic, emotional and frequent and the second system is slow, logical, infrequent and conscious. The title of the Kahneman’s book, Thinking, Fast and Slow, gives us an indication of the two systems. The first system, thinking fast, is associated with quick response taking into consideration the environment...
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... MTH/211 Version 1 Quantitative Reasoning CV12FS05 Copyright Copyright © 2011 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. University of Phoenix® is a registered trademark of Apollo Group, Inc. in the United States and/or other countries. Microsoft®, Windows®, and Windows NT® are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. All other company and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. Use of these marks is not intended to imply endorsement, sponsorship, or affiliation. Edited in accordance with University of Phoenix® editorial standards and practices. Course Description This applications-driven course prepares students to critically analyze and solve problems using quantitative reasoning. Students will learn the importance of mathematics and its value to society. Applications to real-world situations are emphasized throughout the course including economics, finance, and statistics. Course Topics & Objectives Week One: Numerical Reasoning: Organizing Data • Interpret information depicted in charts and graphs. • Determine relationships between bivariate data. • Interpret graphs of functions. Week Two: Numerical Reasoning: Applications • Analyze data using linear and exponential functions. •...
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...In the paper “On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion,” Mary Anne Warren focuses on the status of a fetus and emphasizes the importance of that status in assessing abortion. In the opening of the paper, Warren points to the problem of answering two questions, “What makes a person human?” and “What reason is there for identifying the moral community with the set of all human beings, in whatever way we have chosen to define that term?” Warren argues that a fetus does not meet the qualifications of a person, attempting to justify abortion. She makes her argument in four subheadings in the paper: “On the Definition of Human,” “Defining the Moral Community,” “Fetal Development and the Right to Life,” and “Potential Personhood and the Right to Life.” In each of these sections of her argument, she makes...
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