...respecting the development of indigenous culture and their rights to have their culture will be usable for mitigating the issue. Multicultural policy can be seen as an example. Multiculturalism strategy was implemented in Australia in the early 1970s. Instead of creating the prevailing model of intercultural with the white cultural core and other cultural secondary, the multiculturalism seeks to equal diverse of cultures in all kinds of aspects (Dunn et al. 2010). To achieve that, the society has to make the indigenous participate in the program as an equal partner, which assists them to protect their own cultures (James 2012). For instance, the aborigines in Sydney, they have the rights to join the land planning and managing program. Speak for themselves of how the environment should be arranged to benefit themselves makes the indigenous brings them the sense of belongings. Similarly, the land governance program in West Victoria also requires the voice from the...
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...educationally disadvantaged group of people within Australia. Due to a lack of knowledge of Indigenous educational practices, and a lack of research into the high rates of detentions, absenteeism and suspensions for Indigenous students, attendance rates across all levels of education are lower for Indigenous students than those of non-Indigenous students. Research and government policy is now attempting to address these issues. Through culturally sensitive policies of inclusion, and focused strategies embedding Indigenous perspectives in education models, progress is possible towards alleviating the current poor state of Indigenous students in the Australian school system. The State of Aboriginal Education All young Australians are entitled to equal educational opportunity. Until Indigenous Australians can choose from the same range of futures as other Australians, we are not achieving our nation’s promise as a democratic society (Kemp, D. in METYA, 2000, pg. 3). Aboriginal people have been described as the most educationally disadvantaged group of people within Australia (ATSISJC, 1995). Their attendance rates across all levels of education are lower than those of non-Indigenous Australia (ABS, 2006). Poverty, health problems, infant mortality, infectious diseases, and a life expectancy that is between 15 to 20 years lower are all major factors adversely affecting their education potential (ATSISJC 1995; ABS, 2006). This essay will review strategies from...
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...academicjournals.org/ajpp ISSN 1996-0816 © 2009 Academic Journals Review Review on the importance of documenting ethnopharmacological information on medicinal plants Berhanemeskel Weldegerima School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar. P. O. Box 196, Ethiopia. E-mail: aberhaneth@gmail.com, aberhane2001@yahoo.com. Tel: +251912024213. Accepted 4 June, 2009 This paper reviews and discusses the importance of documenting ethnopharmacological information on medicinal plants. The literature review was done by collecting relevant information from journal articles, workshop proceedings, books and electronic resources. The review sums up the importance of documenting the indigenous traditional knowledge on medicinal plants as being a vehicle for; (i) preserving cultural heritage, (ii) ethnopharmacological bases of drug research and (ii) preserving of biological diversity. Key words: Ethnopharmacology, indigenous knowledge, medicinal plants, biological and diversity. INTRODUCTION Local knowledge of indigenous peoples includes information about the ecosystem in general, but also about specific plants used as medicine, food, building material and the like (Leonti et al., 2003). Establishing the historical depth of medicinal plant use is relevant from a variety of perspectives. Not only would it show definitely that indigenous cultures have an in depth knowledge of certain botanical taxa, which has been transmitted over centuries prior to it becoming...
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...term education has got a lot of definitions. Different scholars in the world give different definitions in trying to capture the subject matter. Some scholars like Snelson (1974:1) define education as a condition of human survival. It is the means where by one generation transmits the wisdom, knowledge and experience which prepares the next generation for life’s duties and pleasure. Although this definition may not cater or address all the issues raised in education, it helps us to have a wide knowledge about all aspects of education. This also helps us to act with more insight and more intelligence in molding the youths in an acceptable manner. As human beings, the kind of personality one becomes will depend very much on the home he/she is born into, on his parents, on his village in which they are brought up. It can also be based on his or her school and on the tribe or nation to which they belongs. The kind of personality will not only depend on the things mentioned but also on beliefs and ideas that he will encounter throughout his life. The importance of any form of education lies in the fact that it is at the centre of development of a given society. As such, a well-developed educational system will undoubtedly lead to the production of trained and skilled manpower that are indispensable in bringing about social change. Most societies throughout history provided some kinds of education for the young so that they can live and succeed in a changing society. Education whether...
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...that have been historically overlooked and degraded by other Australians. In 2008 Kevin Rudd made an official apology to Indigenous peoples across Australia for the suffering they had endured. The apology significantly impacted the lives of Indigenous Australians as this recognition acted as a fresh start to Indigenous and non-Indigenous relations. Furthermore, this historical event has been key to transforming educational practices, as Indigenous cultural and historical knowledge becomes more relevant to 21st Century teaching and learning in Australia. This essay will discuss the National Apology, its affects on Indigenous peoples and the...
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...History 214 May 30, 2014 Michael Kent Ward, “Teaching Indigenous American Culture and History: Perpetuating Knowledge or Furthering Intellectual Colonization?”, Journal of Social Sciences 7 (2): 104-112, 2011.doi 10.3844/jssp.2011.104.112 This article was interesting but very hard to read. Mr. Ward imposed some great questions about the way we learn Native American history, but in my opinion never answered them. While I agreed with his main argument, “.. everyone involved (teachers, students and indigenous peoples) are best served when traditional American Indian authorities are regularly consulted, with regard to matters involving public presentations and interpretations of indigenous cultures.” This article still left me wanting more. There are a number of ongoing issues related to the teaching of Native American History but only offering that communication is the answer was too vague for me. I would have liked the author to go into more detail on how the educators can better obtain the information to depict the Native Americans in a way where it was not a misrepresentation. “A related question concerns problems associated with limiting access to cultural knowledge versus increased demands for open access to information.” The only Native American studies I remember from grade school is the story of Sacagawea. Why? When Native American history is essentially the first American history, why are we waiting until the college level to educate ourselves...
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...Introduction Australia has got about 500 different cultural groups with each having its own beliefs capacity, and values. Among these groups, there is one of the oldest cultures that date back to at least 50,000 years that is known as Aboriginal culture that comprises of practices and ceremonies of the indigenous Australians which due to its depth ,it do play a greater role in influencing the modern Australia. The impacts of social economics are on a deeper level on the indigenous people than it is on the no indigenous person I Australia which means which that Indigenous community my experience difficulties in trying co-exist with other communities and managing their local initiatives. It is witness as there are remote communities that have overcrowded households and lacking lots of basic amenities such a functional toilets, stoves and fridges.there is also a problem of mismanagement of funds due to financial low literacy, lack of back services, and demands to share resources. There is the need to understand how poor living conditions, poor education, poor education, loss of traditional roles and western culture impact impose limitations on the ability of indigenous people to engage in development. From its contribution to the modern communities, the government has to find and formulate policies promoting the social and economic development of the Aboriginal people. All these are with the aim of strengthening the government engagement and partnerships with the aboriginal people...
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...Indigenous agriculture Agriculture has always been regarded as an important aspect of the Indian economy. There is endless evidence, including several British and European accounts, which show the flourishing state of our agriculture in the pre-British period. Even today despite the declining contribution of this sector towards the nations GDP. It still remains a means of livelihood for thousands of people across. Several of the indigenous practices like rotation of crops; drill husbandries etc. were perfected in India centuries before they were adopted by the other nations in their respective ‘agricultural revolution’. There is much to be learned from these practices of the local people. They are many instances, which show that these practices are not only feasible but also sustainable i.e. they cause minimal ecological degradation. Hence regarding these indigenous knowledge as "low productive," "primitive," and "old" cannot be justified. Instead this knowledge should form the foundation of developing more sustainable practices and technologies. People in the formal scientific knowledge system should grasp the importance of local knowledge. Those studies, which do go into details of the indigenous agricultural practices, present an entirely different picture of it than what one would have imagined of an unscientific, backward and primitive system of agriculture. Bringing this will lead to a desirable change in the attitudes and behaviors of researchers and would...
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...OUR INDIGENOUS LANGUAGE AND ITS IDENTITY Language is species specific and species generic possession that is uniquely human. It is peculiar to human beings and it can be both an individual property (when it exists as knowledge) and a social property, (when it manifests to perform its functions). The survival of the language of a people is very vital to the people's survival on the whole. In 2012, the United Nations held a forum on ‘The Study on the role of languages and culture in the promotion and protection of the rights and identity of indigenous peoples’. The importance of language is summed up in the following quote: “Language is an essential part of, and intrinsically linked to, indigenous peoples’ ways of life, culture and identities. Languages embody many indigenous values and concepts and contain indigenous peoples’ histories and development. They are fundamental markers of indigenous peoples’ distinctiveness and cohesiveness as peoples.” This is because "Language is not only a vehicle through which a peoples culture can be expressed but also a medium of one's thought, imaginations, creativity, aspirations, desires, emotions, indeed the entire human need and capacity" (Banjo, 1971). According to Hale in Orkar (2006:5), losing one's language entails losing one's "culture, intellectual wealth, a work of art etc. It is like dropping a bomb on a museum." Language captures the entire essence of man. It makes man who he is and what he will become. Chomsky in Banjo...
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...the domains of power—government, corporate sector, media, and education etc.—are Urdu and English (Rahman 1996). Urdu, which is spoken by just 7% of the population, is the national language, while English is the official language. The small languages are under tremendous pressure, some of which have become extinct, while others are about to extinct because of the state’s favoring Urdu and English at the expense of others. Urdu is spoken by the people who migrated from India to Pakistan at the time of partition. They are called Mohajirs, which itself is an Urdu word meaning ‘refugees’ or ‘settlers’. Almost all of them settled in urban Sindh, southern province of Pakistan. Since they were educated, they dominated the bureaucracy of Pakistan despite their numerical weakness: they were just 3% of the total population of Pakistan. Now that Urdu has become the language of domain of power, indigenous people have to learn Urdu and English, which is the official language, to get a job in public and private sectors. Thus indigenous languages lost their vitality for their own people for pragmatic reasons. Rahman (2003: 4) says members of the elite class had a stake in the continuation of English because it differentiated them from the masses and constituted a class-identity marker. Thus Urdu and English relegated the indigenous languages to a lower status where they became a stigma instead of repertoires of local knowledge. Historical Background Pakistan emerged as an independent Muslim...
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...has a current population of nearly 88 million people, 75% of which belong to 8 major ethnic groups and the remaining 25% are divided among different minor ethnic groups and indigenous tribes. The country has more than 110 ethnic tribes and cultural communities whose cultures and traditions are in varying states of extinction. These vanishing ancestral traditions and customary laws used to define social relationships and values and promoted efficiency of economic activities. Section 30 of the IPRA stipulates that “the state shall provide equal access to various cultural opportunities to the IP’s through the educational system, private or public cultural entities, scholarships, grants and other incentives without prejudice to their right to establish and control their educational systems and institutions by providing education in their own language, in a manner appropriate to their cultural methods of teaching and learning. Indigenous children/youth shall have the right to all levels and forms of education of the State”. The Basic Education Assistance for Mindanao (BEAM) is a DepEd project supported by the Government of the Philippines and the Government of Australia through the Australian Agency for International Development (AUSAID). It is aiming to improve the access to and the quality of basic education in the Southern and Central Mindanao thereby contributing to the attainment of peace and development in the Southern Philippines. Under the BEAM Project, three IP Pilot Schools...
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...most in need and areas with history of colonization. India, Bolivia, and Siberia are some examples. 3. Who typically stops speaking the indigenous language, and why do you think that is? Often children, because they integrate into a more popular language. They do this for an economic advantage. 4. What has been the role of boarding schools on the use of indigenous languages? Provide some examples. Mitigated disaster. Kalinga Institute in India has 60 indigenous minority groups are educated in English and taught Hindu religion, which puts pressure on their individuality. 5. What is the conflict between education for indigenous groups and preservation of language? Is there a way to resolve this conflict to the benefit of the indigenous groups? Many different indigenous groups are brought together and educated in a common language like English. They should continue to practice their indigenous tongue when they are young so they have high elasticity and will retain their culture. 6. Since many tribal people are not Hindu, where do they fit within the Hindu paradigm of the world? They are below the caste system. 7. What is elicitation? Process of sharing the language and how you get a comprehensive description of the language. 8. In what way or ways does Kallawya have great importance for Western societies? Provides medicinal uses of plants, roughly 10,000 of them. 9. How is language typically transmitted within a culture...
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...DepEd adopts IP education agenda By TONY PE. RIMANDO January 18, 2012, 3:12pm PAGADIAN CITY, Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines – A national policy framework (NPF) has been adopted by the Department of Education (DepEd) recently to answer the basic education needs of Indigenous Peoples (IPs) who live in mountain villages and sitios of Mindanao, and other areas of the country. Education Secretary Armin A. Luistro said the NPF for IPs is in line with the country’s commitment to achieve its Education for All (EFA) targets, and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which are in pursuant to the DepEd Basic Education Sector Reform Agenda (BESRA). Luistro explained through DepEd Order No. 62, Series of 2011, which was received here lately by DepEd Region 9 Director Walter O. Albos, that the NPF was preceded by a consultative and participatory process held in designated venues of Southern Philippines. Albos said the consultations were followed by a national validation workshop where participants affirmed the principles of the draft framework and later recommended the formulation and implementation of an IP basic education program. The events were attended by qualified representatives from various IP communities in the country, together with concerned government agencies, and civil service society partners to ensure that IP groups can claim ownership of this framework, Albos quoted Luistro’s directive. The DepEd chief, Albos said, described the NPF as “an instrument for promoting...
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...Assimilation of native canadians Submission to the UN Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: the role of languages and culture in the promotion and protection of the rights and identity of Indigenous peoples. The State of Indigenous Peoples’ Languages and Cultures in Canada Submission by Kontinónhstats - The Mohawk Language Custodians Submitted by: Kontinónhstats – The Mohawk Language Custodians 14A Sóse Onahsakenrat (Joseph Swan Road) Kanehsatà:ke, Quebec Canada J0N 1E0 Phone: 450-479-1651 Email: Ellen Gabriel kontinonhstats2@hotmail.com Hilda Nicholas kononkwe@inbox.com Table of Contents Page Executive Summary ………………………………………………………. 3 - 6 Introduction ……………………………………………………………….. 6 – 7 Current Situation ………………………………………………………..... 7 – 9 Conclusion …………………………………………………………………. 9 - 11 Recommendations ……………………………………………………….... 12 End Notes …………………………………………………………………...13 - 14 Annex 1………………………………………………………………………15 -16 Annex 2………………………………………………………………………17 Suggested Questions ………………………………………………………..18 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This submission on Indigenous languages, culture and identity demonstrates the manner in which Canada continues to practice institutionalized racial discrimination and assimilation against Indigenous peoples’ human rights and fundamental freedoms through the imposition of their policies and...
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...incurred as a result of these memberships. More recently in the Nineties the economy had enjoyed a period of prosperity which was generally accredited to the provision of subsidies to knowledge based industries such as I.T., Financial Sectors and Research & Development. This coupled with a desirable location and a new highly educated workforce. As stated in the department of finances report in 2011 the economy experienced imbalances due to bad auditing systems in the banking and building sectors. “The Irish economy was transformed over the past two decades. Per capita income rose strongly, converging towards and subsequently overtaking European average levels. However, from the early part of the last decade, imbalances began to emerge which made the economy increasingly vulnerable. A major property bubble began to unwind from 2007, and the fall-out from this was exacerbated by the major deterioration in the external environment. As a result, GDP has fallen by around 15% from its peak in Q4 2007.”(Dept of finance, Mar 2011) The nature of jobs is a concept based on a number of variables integral to that employment. The government have become aware of resources the Irish workforce and economy possess that allow it to sustain growth here. The Irish government have now decided to champion Indigenous companies...
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