...Academic procrastination in college students: The role of self-reported executive function Procrastination is the intentional delay of due tasks. The term is a known phenomenon in a college setting so I decided it would be beneficial to examine an experiment that evaluated how procrastination hurts different aspects of a college student’s life. The experiment I found was by Laura A. Rabin, Joshua Fogel and Katherine E. Nutter- Upham and they hypothesized that procrastination can negatively impact learning, achievement, academic self-efficiency and quality of life and that understanding the factors that produce and maintain this behavior will improve things overall. In the experiment, 212 college students age 30 and below were asked to fill out a 20-item questionnaire that examines behavior tendencies to delay the start of completion of everyday tasks. They rate various statements on a five point scale (1 = extremely uncharacteristic; 5 = extremely characteristic). An example of this would be “I often find myself performing tasks that I had intended to do days before” or “I usually start an assignment shortly after it is assigned.” After doing that, participants rated the frequency of 75 problematic behaviors over the past month on a three point scale (1 = never; 2 = sometimes; 3 = often). A higher score indicated a greater degree of executive dysfunction. Then finally they filled out something that measured their behavioral regulation or the ability to not act on an impulse...
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...military is a choice that was made in order to support the responsibilities that I had taken on. At that time, it was the easiest and smartest thing to do in order to gain adequate income. My options were to stay in school, apply myself, and get a part time job, or enlist. Now years later, I am attempting school again but this time with new goals and ambitions. My family in relation to me going to school is challenging. Because of the added responsibility, it is taking away some of the time spent with them. Even though the military is credited for me being in school and providing everything that my family needs and wants, I still have a very important job to do and higher priorities to fulfill with them. Although college is of the same importance, work is still justified as the main priority. In order for me to be personally responsible for work, family, and school, and to take the offensive approach, I have come up...
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...analysis of how working hours are spent and the prioritization of tasks in order to maximize personal efficiency in the workplace Procrastination The discipline of time management is an important skill that needs to be learned early on. One of the biggest obstacles to overcome is procrastination. Procrastination is the problem of putting things off. We all seem to procrastinate on certain levels by making up excuses not to do something. The bad thing is that procrastination can be displayed in an every day lifestyle, which can effect us in achieving our goals. Procrastination can be the reason behind our failures Proverbs 10: 4 - 5 “Lazy hands make a man poor, but diligent hands bring wealth. He who gathers crops in summer is a wise son, but he who sleeps during harvest is a disgraceful son.” This verse contrasts being lazy with hard work. We need to live our lives for God by not being lazy but by working hard to serve Him. An unproductive lifestyle comes from procrastination Procrastination can lead to a bad lifestyle. It can result in getting bad grades, not showing your best work, and being unproductive. It is important to avoid making excuses and as you head towards your goal, you should pray that God gives you the persistence to achieve it without getting lazy. Underlying problems can be revealed by procrastination If we continue putting things off it can mean we lack discipline, are poor time managers and sometimes are disobedient to God. Joshua...
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...Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 00 (2011) 000–000 Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 30 (2011) 1416 – 1424 Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia WCPCG 2011 The relationship between study skills and academic performance of university students Afsaneh Hassanbeigi a, Jafar Askari b, Mina Nakhjavanic, Shima Shirkhodad, Kazem Barzegar e, Mohammad R. Mozayyan f, Hossien Fallahzadehg * 1 b a Mental Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Department of Psychology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran c Medical Student, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran d Medical Student, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran e School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran f School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran g School of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Abstract Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between various study skills and academic performance of university students. Materials & Methods: A total of 179 male and female junior and senior medical and dental students participated in the present study. The instrument was "Study Skills Assessment Questionnaire" taken from counseling services of Houston University. The content validity of this questionnaire was approved by ten psychologist and faculty...
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...0033-2909/07/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.65 The Nature of Procrastination: A Meta-Analytic and Theoretical Review of Quintessential Self-Regulatory Failure Piers Steel University of Calgary Procrastination is a prevalent and pernicious form of self-regulatory failure that is not entirely understood. Hence, the relevant conceptual, theoretical, and empirical work is reviewed, drawing upon correlational, experimental, and qualitative findings. A meta-analysis of procrastination’s possible causes and effects, based on 691 correlations, reveals that neuroticism, rebelliousness, and sensation seeking show only a weak connection. Strong and consistent predictors of procrastination were task aversiveness, task delay, selfefficacy, and impulsiveness, as well as conscientiousness and its facets of self-control, distractibility, organization, and achievement motivation. These effects prove consistent with temporal motivation theory, an integrative hybrid of expectancy theory and hyperbolic discounting. Continued research into procrastination should not be delayed, especially because its prevalence appears to be growing. Keywords: procrastination, irrational delay, pathological decision making, meta-analysis Procrastination is extremely prevalent. Although virtually all of us have at least dallied with dallying, some have made it a way of life. Estimates indicate that 80%–95% of college students engage in procrastination (Ellis & Knaus, 1977; O’Brien, 2002), approximately 75% consider...
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...TIME MANAGEMENT AND PROCRASTINATION University of Phoenix Jennifer Toste GEN 200 Dr. Judy Hyatt 8/15/11 There are many times in an individual’s lifetime that he or she may come up against a hindrance of some sort. Each individual has his or her own obstacle in which he or she must learn to rise above whether it is procrastination, time management, or the inability to focus. These three obstacles procrastination, time management, and the ability to focus are obstacles in which I must learn to prevail. Out of the three of these obstacles the one that would be most beneficial to surmount would be time management. If an individual is able to conquer time management then, the other two obstacles procrastination and the ability to focus should become easier to overcome as well. The ability to manage appropriately one’s time seems like an easy task; however, this task does require one to know the definition of time management as well as learn self discipline. The best way to overcome any obstacle would be to identify the problem, become informed about the problem, and develop a solution that fits appropriately. I cannot efficiently and correctly manage my time as well as I have a habit of procrastinating. If I were able to overcome both of these obstacles I may improve my productivity greatly. “Time management refers to a range of skills, tools, and techniques used to manage time when accomplishing specific tasks, projects and goals. This set encompasses a wide scope of...
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...well” (Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, 1749, P.1). Effective time management is the most important factor in succeeding on personal and in professional goals and objectives. The average a person spends is fewer than seven hours of his or her day effectively. The remaining time is being wasted leaving the person overwhelmed and worried. Although time management is a big day to day life problem; it can be solved by building a schedule, using time saving techniques, and fighting procrastination (project management source, 2007). Building a schedule cannot only help fulfill the required goal, but it also remind a person of tasks, due dates, and events. An effective schedule should start with a planner that helps to keeps track of events and commitments. When planning the schedule for the day, a person should leave 20% of the day free for emergencies and interruptions. The next step is prioritizing the item to help identify important tasks and use all the energy on it. Sorting task according to priority and importance can identify tasks that are worthless or unnecessary. Most people spend 80% of their time trying to complete 20% of their tasks (project management source, 2007). When completing an important task on time, a person should reward himself/herself. When building a schedule, time saving helps a person to be organized and efficient, this leads to more personal time. Time saving has several effective techniques that help to save frustration. Life can be broken into seven...
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...Procrastination is defined as a habit of putting things off until the last minute. Many things can cause procrastination. For instance, when an individual is to feel stressed, overwhelmed, laziness, a lack of motivation, lack of discipline, poor time management habits, lack of skill, and perfectionism. All these things play a key role in why people procrastinate. When a person feels stressed, they do not work productively. Many people become stressed due to their heavy work loads, and they do not take enough time out for leisure time. Leisure time helps the body and mind to be at ease, this will help individuals to be more productive. Many people believe that when a person feels stressed they will use procrastination as a way to cope with everything that is going on in their lives. Other times, the individual have too many items on there to do list, and they become overwhelmed. Individuals who become overwhelmed usually have too much to do and little time to do them in. A good way for one to eliminate these overwhelming feelings is to go over the items that are on these lists, and cut as much out as they can, or prioritize things in order of there importance. According to (2009), “It's been shown that the optimal work week for most people is 40-45 hours. Working longer hours than this actually has such an adverse effect on productivity and motivation that less real work gets done. This is especially true for creative, information age work.” Now laziness is just a habit people...
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...YouTube video, it has become easier and more tempting to NOT do work- procrastination, progresses natural assassin. Solomon and Rothblum (1984) defined procrastination as the “act of needlessly delaying tasks to the point of experiencing subjective discomfort” (503). However procrastination strikes deep into every aspect of daily life and spans far wider than this paper can cover, so a focus will be brought on to procrastination in an academic setting. Academic procrastination is the intentional delay of starting, doing, or completing their important academic work in a timely fashion (Rabin, Fogel, & Upham, 2011). Ellis and Knaus (1977) estimated 95% of American college students procrastinate. Solomon and Rothblum (1984) through self reports discovered 46% of students admit to procrastinating, and 50% of those people reported it as a mild to severe problem. The prevalence of academic procrastination is varied from study to study, but it is unanimous that academic procrastination is a problem that must be addressed. Some of the consequences of academic procrastination are external, decreased progress/learning (Rabin et al., 2011), and increased health risk (Tice & Baumeister, 1997). Some of the consequences are internal such as depression, irrational cognitions, lower self esteem, and anxiety (Solomon & Rothblum, 1984). There are many negative aspects of academic procrastination. As stated earlier procrastination strikes deep into every aspect of daily life, it is a problem that...
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...in time, I knew what was important and with this I had an obligation to my family who needed me. I was not going to take care of my family on this career alone. There is more to life, and if I was going to accomplish this, something else had to be done. Once decided, it was time to invest in an education, which would also take time and dedication. This new path would consist of differentiating what was a must and was a need. Even though one may face challenges, learning the importance of personal responsibility and what it means, personal responsibility versus college success, and incorporating it into one’s education will lead to a rewarding career. The characteristics of personal responsibility can be defined in many ways. The fact or state of being responsible, holding oneself accountable for something within one’s power, control or management, is the definition of personal responsibility. This can pertain to personal life, work and academic environment, and finances. As a marine, the importance of personal responsibility was one of the biggest issues addressed. In the process, it taught me more about myself. I learned the commitments of having a family and serving my country. “Semper Fidelis!” as the Marine Corp would say meaning always faithful. The morals and values they have instilled reflect in my everyday life. However, at times situations become difficult, and it can cause any one to lose sight of what is important and their integrity. This is the outcome of the...
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...Growing up in a close rural community in Ireland, we learned at a young age the importance of helping the less fortunate. My parents also taught me the importance of teamwork and dedication. Growing up on a farm, I learned that everyone must work together for the benefit of the greater good. I moved to the United States when I was 19 in search of more opportunities. After working many medial jobs, I discovered that my true passion was working directly with people. Caring for others became a calling to me and becoming registered nurse became my focus in life. My journey began at the local community college. After completing forty credits I transferred to a bachelor degree program. Attending evening classed while working two jobs, with no family in the country was difficult. With a strong work ethic and determination, I successfully handled the challenges that I faced and became more resilient. Having worked as a registered nurse for almost four years, I have decided that I am ready to further my education. Health care is constantly evolving are with a greater need for advanced degree nurses. Throughout my time working in the hospital setting, education had become an area that interests me. All aspects of education within the hospital interest me, whether it involves patients, nursing students or new employees. Unfortunately, with constant financial cuts within health care, nurses often find themselves with very little time to spend educating their patients. I have decided to...
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...piece of advice I could ever think to give to a struggling student with a paper to write. Your first draft is always for yourself and your own personal reflection. In your second draft, “open up the doors” and write for everyone else who will be reading it. Without this solid piece of advice, I don’t think I could have ever expanded on my writing at all. Over the years, my writing career has hit its peak in junior year, and I have plateaued from there. Since being a UCWR student, I have had the chance to expand my range in my writing skills. From this course, I have learned to expand my writing ability to subjects I would never have broached before, allowing myself to heighten my awareness of the world around me as well as hinder my procrastination. In the beginning of the year, I was very disappointed I would have to take this course. From my previous experience with accelerated English and rhetoric courses, I felt I would be bored and disappointed with the classroom experience. Over the course of the semester, I have learned I was wrong. While in the beginning my engagement level was poor, I was still interested by the current events brought up in class. Some of the biggest topics we discussed (Occupy Wallstreet, Penn State scandal) I never would have previous searched out to be educated upon, despite their high levels of popularity. I really appreciated the opportunity to learn and discuss these subjects in an environment surrounded by students just as least aware as I was...
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...TIME MANAGEMENT FOR COLLEGE STUDENTS Have you ever found yourself bleary-eyed and strung out from too much coffee and too little sleep after pulling an "all nighter" right before the big biology test? Or did you ever want to kick yourself for putting off that history project your instructor told you about at the beginning of the semester so that you ended up throwing together 15 pages of "garbage" just to get the report in on time? Or how about the time your computer crashed when you were wordprocessing your English paper the night before it was due, and your teacher said that your reason was simply a new version of "the dog ate my paper" excuse and gave you an "F"? If you have done any of the things mentioned on the previous page, you are like most people. We all have the ability to put off until tomorrow the things that we know we should be working on today. It's human nature. Unfortunately, ineffective time management doesn't help us much, in college or outside of college. .............In "Time Management for College Students," we will give you some guidelines to help you better manage your time. On the assumption that people who want help managing their time probably don't HAVE a lot of it, the guidelines will be short and to the point. They aren't "magic pills" that will suddenly make you super efficient and well organized, but if you use them gradually to improve the way you organize you time, you will probably find that your life is a little less stressful and, with any...
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...immediately stems which affects the accomplishment of both short term and long term goals thus impeding the attainment of success. Hence, time management is vital and mandatory to developing effective time management skills in order to meet one’s idea of success. There are numerous ideas of success that aids in effective time management skills all of which will be elaborated on throughout this essay they are; pushing oneself to utilize time wisely, mapping out activities and tasks for a week and month and practicing strategies to avoid procrastination. Firstly, providing the adequate push towards utilizing time wisely can contribute towards better time management skills. Often times we get comfortable doing activities that are not related or of contributing factor to our goals, this should not be the case as this is a vivid obstruction to our success. By providing the push you instantaneously provide the reassurance needed to focus on what is really of importance. Thus facilitating in management of time as sometimes all we need is a little push. Utilization of this idea of success in class can implemented by ensuring that when tasks are allocated and the urge to indulge in activities that are not...
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...finances, and health. There are benefits to engaging in responsible behavior along with negative consequences for engaging in irresponsible behavior. Two areas of improvement as a college student are procrastination avoidance and time management. Staying well ahead of deadlines is one effective strategy to help manage time. According to Hersh and Geary Schneider (2005), “Personal responsibility and social responsibility involve the moral obligation to both self and community, and both forms of responsibility rely upon such virtues as honesty, self-discipline, respect, loyalty, and compassion.” (p. 8) As far as the student experience is concerned, the three main factors of time, finances, and health govern personal responsibility. A deficiency of any of these will have a detrimental effect on the chances of success. If one does not put aside enough time or is constantly procrastinating, they will likely miss deadlines and consistently will turn in work that is lacking in refinement and detail. This can lead to the belief that just scraping by with barely adequate work is acceptable. Similarly, if one does not do what is necessary to stay healthy, they will lack the energy and alertness needed for college level work. Specifically the need for sleep is of prime importance. According to Lerner and Lerner (2007), “An adult typically requires between seven and nine hours of sleep per night.” (p. 639) One’s alertness and ability to concentrate become impaired if less than the...
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