...4.4 PV Sector As the country’s economy grows and rapid urbanization, the need of more energy is required to fuel the increased level of activity. One of the driver to deploy additional capacity from the urgent need of energy is to harness the country’s RE sector particularly the solar energy. Solar was forecasted to be an instant solution to the whooping energy supply challenge of the country, since it is considered as a cost-effective technology. Thus, the country founded a non-profit organization in 2010, wherein this could be able to help reduce risk and hasten PV Solar Development in the Philippines. The group of members are comprising of cell manufacturers, project developers, producers, installers, off takers, and individual members, such as the academic community. This alliance is very active when it comes to policy consultation on the implementing rules and regulations of the RE law. Furthermore, the group aims to help develop the manpower base of the solar industry, promotes...
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...2004 SOLAR FLARE CYCLES G. MARIª1, M. D. POPESCU1, 2 1Astronomical Institute of the Romanian Academy Str. Cutitul de Argint nr. 5, RO-752121, Bucharest, Romania gmaris@aira.astro.ro 2 Armagh Observatory College Hill, Armagh, BT61 9DG, N. Ireland mdp@star.arm.ac.uk (Received May 30, 2003) Abstract. We present a review of different solar flare periodicity intervals. Our analysis includes a statistical investigation of flare occurrence and N hemispheric distribution over the last three 11-yr -S solar cycles (SCs 21-23, correspondin g to the period 1976-2001). Moreover, we try to estimate if there is any connection between the flare activity and the strength of solar cycles. For that purpose, we studied not only the number of flares occurring monthly and annually, but we also used two indices that estimate the energy emitted by flares registered in the optical Hα line, as well as in the soft X -ray 1-8 Å band. The strange behaviour of SC 22 descending phase, with short but intense increments in flare activity, having a high degree of N-S asymmetry, could be the cause of the "abnormal" appearance of SC 23. The new magnetic dipole begins to lose part of its energy even during the descending phase of SC 22, so that the activity of SC 23 proves to be below the predicted values. Key words: Sun − solar flares – solar activity cycles − N-S asymmetry. INTRODUCTION Solar flares are wonderfully complex phenomena, seen as sudden and intense increases in brightness on the solar disk...
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...SOLAR ENERGY INTRODUCTION Without the sun, living life on earth is indeed impossible. Sun as we known is a ball of fire that gives us light and heat. The energy that we receive from the sun is called as the solar energy. With the help of this energy serious problems regarding energy that is needed everyday can be solved. Solar energy means capturing the rays of the sun and storing and its heat. This heat can be converted with the help of solar panels into heat or electrical energy. When we talk about solar energy, there are two kinds of solar energy namely, thermal energy and electrical energy. Thermal energy is something which we can find everywhere and is totally free of cost. It helps us ding our daily chores like dries things such vegetables, clothes, heats water, and many other things. Water can basically be heated in two ways i.e. actively and passively. In active method, when a heating element inside the solar hot water system heats the water during hot season. In the passive method the water is pre heated and flows through a cold inlet that of a conventional electric geezer. Talking about electric energy, the power of the sun is used to produce electricity with the help of solar cells. It can be used through a solar home system that helps in conducting electricity where there is no power supply. Apart from that it can be used a system where the electricity supplying utility is connected to the property and lastly it can be used as a backup system where...
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...electricity is not only reducing the resources of oil and creating an energy problem on this planet they are also creating atmospheric pollution. A single change in a positive or negative way can have an effect on many other factors of this environment. In order to create positive change there needs to be proper research and education into what changes will have the best impact on this planet. The cost of the change will always be a factor but humankind needs to consider; is the cost of change a bigger factor than the change itself. There needs to be real consideration for the impact that we have over the environment by our actions and not the cost of what it will take to make a positive impact; the longer humankind takes to make positive changes the more it will inevitable cost to make those changes. The different environmental problems at this point in time that impact this planet are all linked; they all break down to how much carbon dioxide we are producing on this planet. Carbon dioxide is produced by using nonrenewable resources such as oil and coal and has exponentially increased due to the industrial revolution. The earth naturally producing carbon dioxide but we have increased the amount in the atmosphere due to our use of nonrenewable resources. We need to find the best ways that can reduce our dependence on nonrenewable resources and find a way to increase renewable resources. The energy consumption of this planet needs to become clean...
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...Africa’s Energy Sector Instructor Name: Allana Marie Haist Table of Contents Introduction 3 Literature of Review 3 Africa’s Energy Situation 4 Large-Scale Renewable Energy System 5 Why should Africa promote renewable energy? 6 Why Should Africa Promote Environmental Energy Efficiency? 7 Barriers to Renewable Energy Development 7 Recommendations For Boosting Renewable Energy in Africa 8 Conclusion 9 Methodology 10 Interpretation of The Results 14 Conclusion 15 Recommendations 16 Limitations 16 Works Cited 17 Appendix A 19 List Of Figure: Figure (1)- Place of living 12 Figure (2)- Term Renewable Energy 12 Figure (3) - Implementing Green Energy In Africa 13 Figure (4) – What obstructs people from investing in green energy 13 Figure (5)- Do you think Energy and economic development are related? 14 Figure (6)- After allowing the direct electricity from solar panels to the nearest grid, therefore electricity bills will be lower, are you willing to invest in solar panels 14 Introduction There is a need to meet the growing energy demand...
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...Humanities and Social Sciences Research Writing RHET 1020 Boosting Africa’s Energy Sector Instructor Name: Allana Marie Haist Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 3 LITERATURE OF REVIEW 3 AFRICA’S ENERGY SITUATION 4 LARGE-SCALE RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEM 5 WHY SHOULD AFRICA PROMOTE RENEWABLE ENERGY? 6 WHY SHOULD AFRICA PROMOTE ENVIRONMENTAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY? 7 BARRIERS TO RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT 7 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR BOOSTING RENEWABLE ENERGY IN AFRICA 8 CONCLUSION 9 METHODOLOGY 10 INTERPRETATION OF THE RESULTS 14 CONCLUSION 15 RECOMMENDATIONS 16 LIMITATIONS 16 WORKS CITED 17 APPENDIX A 19 List Of Figure: Figure (1)- Place of living 12 Figure (2)- Term Renewable Energy 12 Figure (3) - Implementing Green Energy In Africa 13 Figure (4) – What obstructs people from investing in green energy 13 Figure (5)- Do you think Energy and economic development are related? 14 Figure (6)- After allowing the direct electricity from solar panels to the nearest grid, therefore electricity bills will be lower, are you willing to invest in solar panels ...
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...for Solar Energy The purpose of this plan is to outline the products and services offered by the Moroccan Agency for Solar Energy and how they could benefit geographical areas that are almost entirely reliable on non-renewable energy. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Solar energy is becoming an increasingly relied on resource, and in some countries, the only source of energy. Morocco has launched what is to be considered one of the largest solar energy projects in the world. Responsible for implementing the solar plan is The Moroccan Agency for Solar Energy (MASEN). At a geographical advantage resulting in one of the highest rates of solar insolation in Morocco, MASEN is projected to provide up to 18% of the nation’s annual electricity generation. It’s clear that Morocco is luckier than countries that are tied to darkness for the better part of the year, as well as smaller countries (i.e. islands) without the land space to set up solar energy plants. Solar power stations, or solar farms, are large scale photovoltaic and concentrated solar power systems. Photovoltaic systems use a different technology than concentrated solar power systems, so the two are not to be confused, however, some solar farms are known to use a combination of both technologies. The difference is photovoltaic converts light directly to electricity, whereas concentrated solar power systems use heat to drive conventional generator systems. Initial setup costs for solar farms are steep, the first solar farm...
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...[pic] WHAT IS GREEN TECHNOLOGY? The term "technology" refers to the application of knowledge for practical purposes. The field of "green technology" encompasses a continuously evolving group of methods and materials, from techniques for generating energy to non-toxic cleaning products. As the name implies green technology is one that has a "green" purpose. By green we do not mean the color, however, nature is quite green, and the long and short term impact an invention has on the environment is what we are talking about. Green inventions are environmentally friendly inventions that often involve: energy efficiency, recycling, safety and health concerns, renewable resources, and more. Green technology is the application of one or more of environmental science, green chemistry, environmental monitoring and electronic devices to monitor, model and conserve the natural environment and resources, and to curb the negative impacts of human involvement. The term is also used to describe sustainable energy generation technologies such as photovoltaic, wind turbines, bioreactors, etc. Sustainable development is the core of environmental technologies. The term environmental technologies also used to describe a class of electronic devices that can promote sustainable management of resources. The present expectation is that this field will bring innovation and changes in daily life of similar magnitude to the "information technology" explosion over the last two decades. In these...
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...Trade Policies on the Solar Energy Market Outline Abstract Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Literature Review Chapter 3: Method of Procedure Materials Procedure Chapter 4: Results Limitations Chapter 5: Summary Chapter 6: Conclusions References Appendix 1: Graphs and Charts Graph of Solar Energy Market Growth, Graph of Polysilicon in the Global Market Appendix 3: Survey (simulated) Abstract The United States and Europe have stated goals of increasing renewable energy usage (Lewis & Wiser). Solar energy is a key component of any renewable portfolio (Scheer, 2007). However, many industry professionals have stated that countries such as China and Vietnam have an unfair trade advantage due to heavily subsidized industries (Lewis & Wiser). The aim of this research is to examine how implementing tariffs have affected the market growth of the solar energy market. This paper will rely on secondary sources for market information and for growth predictions. It will also rely on examples of previous markets and the historical record of market contraction after implementing severe trade restrictions. Using these sources, it can be shown that trade restrictions slow growth in the solar market in countries that implement them. This paper is designed to be used by professionals who work in the solar energy industry in order to make predictions of market changes as future trade tariffs are implemented or repealed. Introduction Solar energy projects are considered...
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...Solar and Plant Cells Compared Tiffany L. Triggs Strayer University The Importance of Energy For plant Earth, the Sun is the main source for all energy. It is the main essential thing that provides us with light, warmth and energy. Some organisms, such as plants and algae, create their own food using the sun as their main source of energy. In turn the fuel the rest of the world by creating energy for animals and humans after being consumed. They also remove carbon dioxide from the air and replenish oxygen for us to breath. This process, through which this energy is harnessed and used to create food, or carbohydrates, is called photosynthesis. Can the energy of the sun be harnessed by humans to create energy? It can be and it is through the use of solar cells. Photosynthesis and solar cells are similar, yet different in a few ways. Creating Our Own Energy Humans have figured out how to use the power of the sun for energy. Using Solar panels containing semiconductors, we can turn the sun into electricity, a very popular form of energy. In this way, photosynthesis and solar cells are similar, both using the suns light to create a form of energy. The type of energy created, however, is where one difference comes into play. Plants create a chemical energy known as carbohydrates, a simple organic compound of oxygen, carbon and hydrogen, while solar cells use semiconductors to produce electricity. Use of Electrons Solar Cells and Photosynthesis both use a form...
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...reflection paper 3: Shaping the future of solar power (Solyndra) After reading the case on “Shaping the future of solar power: climate change, industrial policy and free trade” I gained much clearer insight to the history and working of the solar energy industry. From personal experience, I have seen the recent increased use renewable energy, particularly wind and solar energy. Internationally, in Europe wind and solar energy as source of energy is not new revelation too me, many European countries, such as the Netherlands, my birthplace, are not new in utilizing wind and solar energies. What this case brought me to really learn was the involvement and the relationship of the U.S and China government in the solar energy industry. It came as no surprise to me that the U.S government was subsidizing the solar energy, however what came to light to me was the level of international competitiveness and political gridlock between China and the U.S in the solar energy industry. It was interesting to touch on the issue if governments should intervene in the market place. It became clear, that it was tough issue for the government to tackle, with one side of the government arguing that government intervention in the solar energy industry is hurtful and detrimental to business, highlighting the case of Solyndra bankruptcy. The other side, Obama administration, argues that the U.S needs to continue to subsidize and give tax break to solar energy companies to make them competitive in...
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...Energy Conservation When one looks around the world and especially at the United States of America today, one can see how dependent humans are on electricity. The production of electricity comes from so many different resources, but primarily from non-renewable resources such as coal, oil, natural gas, and nuclear power plants (Starr, 2004). As electricity is produced this way our planet is depleted further of fossil fuels as well as the planet being pumped full of more Carbon Dioxide (CO²) than the planet can handle. Imagine nothing changing when it comes to energy production and take a look at our planet in 100 years. Do you see a planet that is inhabited, or do you in fact see a planet that is something akin to the movie Wall-e? It is a scary thought, but alternative energy resources are out there, and these alternative energy resources will enable mankind to inhabit Earth for many more years and even centuries to come. Since the year 1900 tests on world temperature have been documented and studied showing that the planet temperature is raising by approximately 1.1 degrees per century (Phillips, 2008). The reason for this rise in temperature is clearly due in part to the rising of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The process of producing electricity is a major contributing factor to carbon dioxide as fossil fuels are burned to produce the electricity. Currently, fossil fuels used for electricity emit approximately 6,000,000,000 tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere...
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.../ Daniels, Willie / Davis, Brian / Dugan, David /Dees, Jeffery DeVry HUMN 432 Nanotechnology within Energy Markets: Progress in Efficiency Professor Stephen Carter We will be creating a presentation that will explain how important nanotechnology has exploded with new developments within Energy sectors. We will go into detail, explain, and educate our audience with history in nanotechnology, its importance within many different markets but its unprecedented progress in creating clean, efficient energy to the future. We will be stating all the main stream objections, the notion that nanotechnology is not the key and we can support other technologies, we should not support with government funding, and even the small but valid arguments with dealing with ethical objections. We are going to fully touch base on every point of interjection so that you as a viewer of our presentation will have more than enough information to make an informed decision and create your stance on nanotechnology and how it has affected Energy in the 21th century. We will be creating a presentation that will explain how important nanotechnology has exploded with new developments within Energy sectors. We will go into detail, explain, and educate our audience with history in nanotechnology, its importance within many different markets but its unprecedented progress in creating clean, efficient energy to the future. We will be stating all the main stream objections, the notion that nanotechnology is not...
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...[pic] Energy moves the modern world. Available, reliable, affordable energy. Since the Industrial Revolution, fossil fuels—coal, oil, and natural gas—have powered immense technological progress. But supplies of fossil fuels are limited, and continued reliance on them may have significant environmental consequences. Fortunately, there are alternatives. The most powerful one is right over our heads. We are bathed in the clean, virtually inexhaustible energy of the sun. Each hour, enough sunlight reaches Earth to meet the world’s energy needs for a year. To harvest this bounty, we need technology that efficiently converts the sun’s energy into forms we can use. Developing this technology is the purpose of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Solar Energy Technologies Program. Powerful Goals, Powerful Technologies The Solar Energy Technologies Program is part of the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. The Program’s mission is to improve U.S. security, environmental quality, and economic prosperity through public-private partnerships that bring reliable and affordable solar energy technologies to the marketplace. It supports research and development on a wide range of photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal technologies that convert sunlight into useful energy. Photovoltaic Technologies The majority of the Program’s budget is allocated to PV research and development (R&D). All PV devices convert sunlight directly into electricity. However, there...
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...Thermodynamics and Types of Energy Rhonda Montgomery American Intercontinental University Abstract The energy act 2005 addresses issues having to do with energy usage covering fossil fuels, nuclear power and the efficiency of energy and includes two major provisions, tax incentives for the advanced energy saving technologies with the second provision being to set standards for the minimum efficiency with a set of smaller efficiency provisions. The laws of thermodynamics are the study of energy and the ability of energy to be able to do work. Physicists were involved with studying the flow of heat from machines and the chemical changes that accompanied the work, obtaining its maximum efficiency, a machine that has the ability to run off of its own heat. The first law of thermodynamics states that energy and matter cannot be created or destroyed with the second law stating that it is impossible to take away heat from a reservoir and positive work with the energy moving away from the source not being able to flow from cold to hot. In order to have a continual flow of heat there must be energy present. In order to have a continual flow of heat there must be energy present. The third law of thermodynamics states that all processes will stop when the temperature reaches an absolute zero and with this the molecules will then not move and as a result the production of energy will be stopped. Scientific...
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