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The Importance Of Structural Engineering

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One of the challenging tasks for civil engineers is to mitigate the response of a structure subjected to dynamic loads in order to reduce the risks of damage and injuries caused by extreme hazards such as earthquakes and strong winds. Recent devastating earthquakes around the world have underscored the tremendous importance of understanding the way in which civil engineering structures respond during such dynamic events [1]. For example, the Kobe earthquake (in January 1995 in Japan), with a 6.9 Richter magnitude, was very destructive. Today, one of the main challenges in structural engineering is to develop innovative design concepts to protect civil structures, including their material contents and human occupants from hazards like wind and earthquakes.
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With the right design, these could appreciably reduce inter-story drifts in the structure. Furthermore, energy is dissipated by these devices rather than in the buildings. Thus, the main damage criteria are directly targeted [2-4]. In general, these systems can be classified into three major categories; namely, seismic isolation, passive energy dissipation, and active and semi-active control [1]. Within each category, a number of different technologies have been introduced. The basic function of the passive devices is to absorb a part of input energy, reducing energy dissipation on structural members and minimizing the damage on structures. Contrary to semi-active or active systems there is no need of external power supply. Passive devices are frequently used type of control system implemented because they involve no external power and such devices are inherently stable [5]. Passive devices encompasses a range of materials and devices for enhancing damping and strength. The main function of a passive damping device is to dissipate a portion of the input energy associated with external dynamic

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