...in several parts of the world. These changes resulted from the development of industrialization. The term Industrial Revolution refers both to the changes that occurred and to the period itself. The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain during the 1700s. It started spreading to other parts of Europe and to North America in the early 1800s. By the mid-1800s, industrialization had become widespread in Western Europe and the northeastern United States. The Industrial Revolution created an enormous increase in the production of many kinds of goods. Some of this increase in production resulted from the introduction of power-driven machinery and the development of factory organization. Before the revolution, manufacturing was done by hand or simple machines. Most people worked at home in rural areas. A few worked in shops in towns as part of associations called guilds. The Industrial Revolution eventually took manufacturing out of the home and workshop. Power-driven machines replaced handwork, and factories developed as the best way of bringing together the machines and the workers to operate them. As the Industrial Revolution grew, private investors and financial institutions were needed to provide money for the further expansion of industrialization. Financiers and banks thus became as important as industrialists and factories in the growth of the revolution. For the first time in European history, wealthy business leaders called capitalists took over the control...
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...following terms/ideas/events: Enlightenment thinkers The reason for censorship of Enlightenment authors The impact of the Scientific Revolution on the Enlightenment Gutenberg’s printing press and its impact Adam Smith’s Laissez-faire (supply and demand free market) John Locke The Seven Years’ War impact in America and France The Congress of Vienna Napoleon’s impact on Latin America Revolutions Napoleon Bonaparte Revolutions in Haiti, Mexico, and Gran Columbia The impact of educated creoles in Latin American Revolutions The French Revolution Changes in government from feudalism up to republics Human migration patters during the Industrial Revolution The cause of the Industrial Revolution in England The impact of the second agricultural revolution Problems with industrialization in cities/slums Workers wages at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution Positive long terms impacts of the Industrial Revolution The goals of socialism & communism Russia’s lack of industrial revolution Russian tsars response to reform The Crimean War The impact of European Imperialism in Africa and Asia Social Darwinism Christian Missionaries during Imperialism The Mahdi and his resistance to European influence in Sudan The Ottoman empires factors of decline Young Turks and Muhammad Ali’s western inspired reform goals The importance of the Suez Canal The British East India Company success in India The Sepoy Mutiny The Opium Wars in China The Taiping Rebellion in...
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...1750 and 1850?” Between 1750 and 1850 Britain had revolutionised internally as a dominant industrial figure in Europe. However, although it would be argued that most advances were constitutional, Britain’s foreign relations also enhanced to a certain extent during this period. In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, Britain had established itself as the first country to industrialise therefore instantly granting it a dominant position in the world economy, this would continue for a further century. During this time it was also advantaged in acquiring the largest empire seen of its time. This therefore suggests that the two developments had a relationship, as without one the other would have been inevitable. The Industrial Revolution and the British Empire are dependent on each other. There would not be an Empire without the Industrial Revolution and vice versa. Although the revolution that occurred was not political, it did however have a number of implications that followed, advantages included its geographical location and nature, expanding empire and worldwide trade network, growing transportation network, rich supply of natural resources, available labour supply and relatively high labour productivity, and expertise in developing technology. Together, these necessary factors set up a suitable foundation on which an industrial revolution could occur. This revolution was an economic one in which there was a transformation from the traditional handmade tools...
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...During the early 1800s, the United States changed in numerous ways in a little amount of time. The changes that occurred were a result of the industrial development and advancements that took place in the 19th century. Consequently, there were both many positive and negative effects that occurred as a result of these changes. However, these developments affected the North and the South in great ways. The differences between the two eventually caused a good amount of tension because they were moving in completely different directions with culture, political views, and economies. As a consequence of poor farming conditions and a mass amount of immigrants coming into America, the Northern states developed into an economy based on industry and manufacturing. The North was mountainous with rocky soil and rapid rivers. It had long cold winters and mild summers which were not suitable for cash crops such as tobacco, cotton, sugar, rice, etc. They had to focus heavily on industrialization due to the resources they had available to them, such as iron and coal that was abundant. Using these resources as an energy source, the North constructed factories that produced textiles, furniture, tools, etc. Since factories were producing a mass amount of goods in a short amount of time, they exported their goods to the West and South. Trade was easier in the North, due to the amount of canals and railroads that connected major cities and towns to one another. To keep these factories running...
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...Industrial Revolution In the previous class, we learned the changes of the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution had changed literally everything. Lives changed, roles changed, education changed, homes changed, health changed, romance changed; everything had changed. The elements of the home changed in quite a few ways. The home was always filled with the people that lived there because they spend their time at home. The home was made of things that you could find locally or that you could make by hand. Houses were made out of mud, wood, and straw. The family had basically slept in the same bed for less consumption of space and for warmth. Not only did they live with the entire family, however they lived with fleas, rats, and lice. This allowed diseases to be spread and in effect, the population was very little because of the severity of the diseases. After the Revolution, the home is filled with less people because the people transport to other places. The home is filled with things that you can find all over the world. Houses are made out of steel frames, wood, glass windows, and very sturdy materials in addition to the idea that specialized workers made your home. The refrigerator and toilet were invented and people slept in different beds causing an increase in the population due to the decrease in disease. The elements of man and woman had changed as well. Man and woman married each other for survival. Man and woman needed each other for...
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...by using formulas and perspectives that were more exact. The subjects in many of the paintings from this time period looked shiny or glossy due to the artists attempting to hide their brushstrokes to make their artwork simulate the polished look of a marble sculpture. During this time period the American colonies claimed independence from Great Britain and the French Revolution broke out in Paris. The 1700’s marks the industrial revolution in Britain as well. This time period is referred to as the Age of Reason. It was a more stable and a traditional time and there seemed to be a general respect for authority. The Romanticism time period and has been defined to have been between the years of 1800 CE and 1850 CE. Romantic artists wanted to focus on emotional experiences instead of looking into their past for their art themes. These artists tended to view the world around them and focus on the contemporary events and not focus on the ancient events or their past. Romanticists would artistically portray their emotions, which would include their political and/or social beliefs because of the revolution going on around them. The Romantic era seemed to prosper artists that...
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...The Industrial Revolution was a worldwide transition which led to quick industrialisation starting off in Britain in the late 1700s and early 1800s, before expanding to other areas such as Asia and the Americas. This essay aims to explore how the Industrial Revolution affected the textile industry in India and Iran as a result of the amalgamation of the webs into a single cosmopolitan web, where communication, new inventions and technology were easily shared within different aspects of the world. During the course of this essay, the focus will be on the emergence of the Industrial Revolution and the discovery of fossil fuels as a cheap energy source, and how this affected the British position in the textile industry. Furthermore, factors affecting...
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...History Notes January 17, 2013 Industrial Revolution in the USA * Growing population by the mid-1800s, the population of Europe and North America was on a rise. * The rapidly growing cities of the industrial world attracted people of different/every social class. Also the growing demand for textiles and other mass produced goods. The effects of the American Industrial Revolution ranged from positive, in the form of growing cities, individual wealth, and philanthropy, negative, in the form of child labour, abusive working conditions, and unsanitary living conditions. Positive and Negative impacts of the American Industrial Revolution on the United States Positive * Improve people’s daily lives by diversifying the number and quality of the kinds of products factories could provide, also ordinary Americans learned better, lived better and had more time on their hands as conveniences and efficiencies defined the Industrial Revolution. * Transportation and technology in terms of the expansion of business including the expansion of our transportation network out of necessity and brought US canals, highways and turnpikes. It better connected us together as a society. There was technological innovation such as interchangeable parts (Eli Whitney) and the textile mill (Samuel Slater) which revolutionized Americans lifestyle. * Jobs as factories in the major cities created hundreds of thousands of jobs, expanded the cities...
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...A SHORT HISTORY OF ACCOUNTING AND BUSINESS By Gary Giroux September 1999 Preface Overview: Accounting toward the 21st century: Where are we now? How did we get here? 1. From the Ancient World to Pacioli The First Cities Trade Tokens: The First Accounting The Sumerians Complex Tokens and Clay Tablets Cuneiform Writing and Beyond Money, Banking and Credit The Dark Ages and the Rise of the Italian Merchants Luca Pacioli: The Father of Accounting 2. Britain and the Industrial Revolution Prior to 1750 Ironbridge Textiles The Steam Engine Wedgwood and the Importance of Cost Accounting Early Cost Accounting Transportation Development of the Accounting Profession 3. American Big Business and Cost Accounting Early Developments in Manufacturing and Accounting Rockefeller Morgan and Carnegie Cost Accounting in the Era of Big Business Alternative Systems in Asia and Europe Relevance Lost: The Critique of Johnson and Kaplan The American Response 4. Financial Accounting and the Structure of Accounting Regulation The Great Crash and Government Response The New Role of the Accounting Profession The Financial Accounting Standards Board Earnings Management and Economic Consequences Accounting Principles and the Conceptual Framework 5. Auditing Auditing in the U. S. The Big...
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...The Industrial Revolution began in the second half of 18th century and had an everlasting effect on Europe, and the rest of the world. It caused major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transport and technology. Eventually, socioeconomic and cultural conditions began to change in Britain, which then spread throughout Europe, then eventually the world. These changes made Europe and the rest of the world more modern. Proof of this can be seen in more efficient trade & transport and mass production that were a product of Industrial Revolution. This essay will seek to demonstrate the most significant effect these two components had on modernity and how they shaped Europe, and the rest of the world. The time period covered by the Industrial Revolution varies according to Historians, but according to Eric Hobsbawm, it started in Britain in the 1780s and fulfilled its potential in the 1830s or 1840. Some important effects of these two components comprise of, but are not limited to include: technological and chemical innovations, improved trade, transportation and increase in wealth etc. Almost all aspects of daily life were influenced in some way by the Industrial Revolution; hence it marks a major turning point in human history. Industrial Revolution was an achievement of sustained economic growth that began the industrialization of the European economy. Growth did not reach a plateau in Britain as it did in other countries in Europe. Depressions and recessions...
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...The American Industrial Revolution The American Industrial Revolution took place from the 18th to 19th century and was a period of movement towards industrialization and urbanization. According to the article Industrial Revolution, Britain was the birth place of this new revolution due to the invention of the spinning jenny, or “Jenny” for short, by the Englishman James Hargreaves. Samuel Slater, an English-American industrialist, is known as the “Father of the American Industrial Revolution.” Slater brought a version of the Jenny to the United States from Great Britain, effectively creating the first textile mills. By the time of his death, Slater owned thirteen spinning mills, which shows how successful industrialization of a new country was. The Manufacturer and Builder was a 26-part New York Journal that was first hand account of what was happening on the industry side of the revolution, meant for the citizens of the country explaining the importance of textiles and steam power. Before the Industrial Revolution, spinning and weaving were done at home for the family itself. The Jenny, after upgrades from countless inventors, changed the course of the economy. In the southern states the surplus of cotton proved beneficial; however, the seeds could not be removed from the cotton quickly enough for the Jenny. Inventor Eli Whitney created the cotton gin that made it possible to remove seeds from cotton about 60 times faster. This invention further boosted the boom in industry...
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...profession for the economic benefits, whether or not they actually enjoy it. To be a productive worker in society, one must enjoy their profession, or whatever they may do. Fromm states that ever since the industrial revolution, people have worked simply for the money. In “Work in an Industrial Society,” Erich Fromm shows that people do not care about working, that they only work for the money, and that it leads to people becoming more lazy and apathetic. People do not have the same enjoyment of work as they did in the Middle Ages, the Renaissance and the eighteenth century. Back then, people worked to feel like they have accomplished something. In today’s world, people get up in the morning to go to work with one goal: to get out of there as early and as quickly as possible. Before, people worked to not just make a living but to obtain satisfaction with their job. No matter how basic the job was they felt that they made a difference. In “Work, Labor, Play,” W.H Auden states that Miss Hannah Arendt defines people as workers and laborers. Workers are interested in what they do as well as what society pays for their work while laborers are people who have a job for just the paycheck and to support the people that depend on them. Around the times of the Industrial Revolution, the type of worker shifted from workers to laborers. People became a part of a machine that produced whatever needed to be made in order to complete the product. People only worked for the paycheck...
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...Economic, Social, and Political Change Worksheet Agricultural Revolution Respond to each of the following questions in 2 or 3 sentences: 1. What are the three most important factors that contributed to the agricultural revolution in Europe? The three most important factors of were the three-field system, warmer temperatures, and advanced farming equipment. 2. How did the agricultural revolution change European society? Provide an example. The revolution changed Europe for the better, it provided more jobs to people as new farming equipment was in demand. It also helped many people move their lives away from farming and it helped expand Europe. Industrial Revolution Respond to each of the following questions in 2 or 3 sentences: 1. What are the three most important factors that contributed to the industrial revolution in Europe? The three most important factors for the industrial revolution were the use of steam power instead of human or animal power, the invention of machines to do the work instead of people and the use of the factory system. 3. Describe working conditions in factories and mines between 1800 and 1850. What was life like for a typical worker? Reference at least one primary source to support your response. The working conditions were poor, at best. After the revolution, demand for new goods and people to make them were on the rise, at incredible rates. Miners would have an average 12 hours a day shift,...
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...many other aspects. They can both be understood as reactions to the Industrial Revolution but more so the Arts and Crafts movement. The Arts and Crafts movement stressed the importance of beautiful, handmade crafts and Art nouveau eventually evolved from this, especially in architecture. These new age architects especially Gaudi saw the way architecture was being produced most notably that of the example district in Barcelona and was appalled by it. It was like the architecture of a systematic machine much like that of the industrial revolution and he did not agree with it. He saw architecture not only as a functional thing but also a breathing, living and beautiful thing much like that of the goods produced from the arts and crafts movement. 2. Which are the differences between A&C and Art Nouveau? Art Nouveau originates in France and is characterized by the floral, natural forms, whiplash curves and extravagant fluidity of line. It is mainly based on the principals of nature and the idea that buildings or architecture was more than a means of living but rather an interpretation of the living world. They sought to breathe beauty back into the world and to create a fluid flowing structure that was both beautiful and functional. Although the arts and crafts movement sought to maintain beauty in all functions and aspects of life and goods it was also primarily a reaction against the industrial revolution and transcended conventional styles. 3. Which are the connections...
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...conversation * Plasticity of Brains * Relationship between capitalism and democracy * Three main approaches to the political economy of the media Lecture 2: * Four great communication revolutions * Evolution and history of early Homo Saipan species * Common ancestor * Eight major developments in evolution * Third chimpanzee * Importance of Fire * Great Leap Forward * Surplus definition and importance to civilizations * Pre-Capitalist society surplus * C-M-C * Important developments of the Age of Kleptocracy * Second great communication revolution * Where it did and didn’t develop and why * Importance to society * Greek philosophers * Feudalism * Importance of 1492 and new world discovery * Third great communication revolution * Products of the revolution Lecture 3: * The catechism of capitalism * Change in the economic equation from feudalism to capitalism * Mindsets of society under feudalism * Mercantilism * Industrial capitalism equation * M-C…p…C1-M1 * Characteristics of the equation * Three Iron laws of Capitalism * Externalities * Role of banking and views of major economists on finance * Importance of a global system * Effect on policy * Who was the original leader in capitalism and whom were its successors * Owner-operated businesses * Role of slavery in formation of America ...
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