...CHINA’S EXPORTS: AN UNSTOPPABLE COMPETITOR Pavel Aleksandrov Student Number: 000873249 Course name: MSc Engineering Management Questions: 1. In what types of good is China a world leader? 2. What are the characteristics of the types of goods in which China succeeds? 3. What explains China’s pattern of exports 4. What role does foreign investment and foreign purchasing play? 5. So who makes the money on China’s export? 6. Identify the goods in which China is uncompetitive in world markets? 7. Does China succeed in all industries? Why of why not? 8. Are Chinese provinces involved in trade the same extent? 9. Can China succeed in all industries? Q1 Nowadays China is one of the world's top exporting counties and is attracting record amounts of investment from overseas. In fact, it is investing billions of dollars abroad. The collapse in international export markets that accompanied the global financial crisis of 2009 initially hit China hard, but its economy was among the first in the world to rebound, quickly returning to growth. The following export product groups represent the highest dollar value in Chinese global shipments during 2012. Also shown is the percentage share each export category represents in terms of China’s overall exports. 1. Electronic equipment: (25.4% of total exports) 2. Machinery: (17.3%) 3. Knit or crochet clothing and accessories: (4.4%) 4. Furniture, lighting, signs and prefabricated buildings: (3.9%) 5. Optical...
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...Introduction The essay is intended to deliver an analysis about Chinese foreign policy in the upcoming years, its development and clarification of the position of the People’s Republic of China in the international relations with a focus on China’s peaceful rise. The essay covers China’s relations to the selected countries, for example the most important neighbouring countries, but nevertheless the U.S., European Union and Middle East also. It focuses also on environmental sustainability, possible economic influence in the foreign countries, controversial issues over disputed areas and possible democratization of the political system. Analytically it discusses the factors involved in shaping as the China’s foreign policy, as well as domestic policy. It deals with human rights violation and discrimination. In focus to the security issues it gives an overview of China’s military capacities and abilities, which may be considered as a threat to its peaceful rise. As a conclusion it gives an analysis of factors that contribute in China’s effort to become a regional power, in means of emerging power that is able to compete with the traditional western type powers. Theoretical basis The impressive economic growth of People’s Republic of China over the past few decades raises a profound question about China’s peaceful rise in the international relations. It is a beautiful example of a country which is to become a regional and eventually global power in our lifetime. China is...
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....6 Research Questions ........................................................................................................................6 Research Contribution ..................................................................................................................6 Literature Review ..........................................................................................................................7 Theoretical Framework .................................................................................................................8 Hypotheses Development ...............................................................................................................8 1.Improve the understanding of output importance of labor .....................................................8 2.Strengthen labor service personnel abroad for training, improve their overall quality and international competitiveness ...........................................................................................................9 3.Establishment of a unified labor export information network, improve and clear labor output information channels .......................................................................................................................10 4.Providing a full range of services for export workers ...........................................................11 4.1Encouraged Business entities to cooperate...
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...$100bn for the first time, and investment overseas by Chinese companies in non-financial sectors totaled $59 billion. The country's per capita GDP (PPP) is $7,518 (IMF, 93rd in the world) in 2010. The provinces in the coastal regions of China tend to be more industrialized, while regions in the hinterland are less developed. China and the Political Economy of Global Engagement In many respects it was not until 1992 that China really began to engage with the global economy in a significant way. In an inspection tour of development in southern China in 1992, Deng Xiaoping praised the emergence of proto-capitalist practices in open areas and called for further opening. Following Deng’s exhortations, the CCP declared in October 1992 that China now had a ‘socialist market economy’—the ideological battle appeared to have been won, and this victory was given further force when 1993 saw more FDI flood into China than in the preceding 14 years of reform put together. A trade deficit in 1992 was turned into surplus as exports doubled in the space of five years on the back of FDI growth. Winners and Losers Promoting exporting industries had proved to be a highly successful means of generating growth. Rural reform in China had released excess workers from the land, many of whom found employment in small-scale township and village enterprises (TVEs), which accounted for around a third of all exports in the l990s. Foreign-...
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...n© 2008 International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) Moving up the Value Chain: Published by the International Institute for Sustainable Development The International Institute for Sustainable Development contributes to sustainable development by advancing policy recommendations on international trade and investment, economic policy, climate change, measurement and assessment, and natural resources management. Through the Internet, we report on international negotiations and share knowledge gained through collaborative projects with global partners, resulting in more rigorous research, capacity building in developing countries and better dialogue between North and South. Upgrading China’s Manufacturing Sector Pan Yue Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Simon J. Evenett University of St. Gallen and Centre for Economic Policy Research IISD’s vision is better living for all— sustainably; its mission is to champion innovation, enabling societies to live sustainably. IISD is registered as a charitable organization in Canada and has 501(c)(3) status in the United States. IISD receives core operating support from the Government of Canada, provided through the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) and Environment Canada; and from the Province of Manitoba. The institute receives project funding from numerous governments inside and outside Canada, United Nations...
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...Increased Trading in A Global Market | | Thomas Edison State College International Management | Jacob Gold | 7/27/2012 | International trade is a very important part of how businesses are done today. Two countries that use these practices often are China and India. They trade manufactured and labor intensive goods. This gives them an edge on the other countries they compete with in the global market. This paper first reviews some key features of China’s and India’s trade, in particular, the recent rapid export growth; the changing relative importance of goods and services; and the changing composition of exports within merchandise and services. With this as background, we use a global economy-wide modeling approach to take into account all of the potential impacts of a number of policy reforms and likely scenarios. First, the implications of the reforms under way in India are examined to see if they might result in greater competition between China and India. Then, we generate a baseline and examine the potential global implications of higher-than-expected growth rates in these two economies. We consider first the impact of more rapid economy-wide growth in China and India. We then examine the implications of two different types of growth, first growth focused on relatively sophisticated products, and subsequently growth driven by increased accumulation of physical and human capital. China’s and India’s trading patterns. Although it turns out that both have been...
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...of Economic Surveys, 2006, 11: 24-25. Green Barriers Trade and its Influences on China's Foreign Trade Thomas J. Sargent ABSTRACT In recent years, green consumption has become a main trend of the consumption in many developed countries and these countries began to make strict standards to restrict the entry of foreign products below their standards of environmental protection. Key words：Green Barriers; products; Trade In recent years, green consumption has become a main trend of the consumption in many developed countries and these countries began to make strict standards to restrict the entry of foreign products below their standards of environmental protection. These regulations have many unfavorable influences on the export of developing countries and are generally known as "Green Barriers to trade". In accordance with the provisions of the Agreement on Green Barriers to Trade of WTO, "Green Barriers to Trade" is defined as the compulsory and arbitrary Green regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures of the importing countries in the name of the protection of human health and environment that actually form barriers to trade with an aim to protect its home market and domestic products. 1. Analysis on the causes of formation of "Green Trade Barriers" Firstly, the worsening of ecology is the major reason for "Green Barriers". With the development of industry and technology, the economy increases very...
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...dependent. Using its huge potential in the hydrocarbon industry, Kazakhstan has managed to rise above all other Central Asian states in terms of political and economic importance and has turned its eyes to China as an important and powerful partner for cooperation in the economic, political, and security spheres. This article on Kazakhstan and China was written by Fabio Belafatti, and originally published by our knowledge partner "Equilibri" at the following address: http://www.equilibri.net/nuovo/sites/default/files/focus_belafatti_china%20kazakhstan.pdf The “Kazakh path” (with its contradictions) and Kazakh-Chinese relations In recent years Kazakhstan has become an important actor in regional international relations in Central Asia. The country's improvements have been underscored by international observers in many occasions. It is undeniable that compared to the rest of the region, Kazakhstan shows much higher levels of development. In purely macroeconomic terms, Kazakhstan’s economy is the largest in Central Asia and has shown very high growth levels for many years, recovering very fast when hit by the world economic crisis. In broader terms, Kazakhstan’s success is underscored by the fact that it is the only country in the region to be ranked among states with a high level of Human Development. Behind these praises, however, there seems to be a well-coordinated effort by Kazakhstan and, often, its European partners to boast about the country's achievements...
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...expectations. As pointed out by Findlay and O’Rourke “In the longer run, the gradual rise of China to their natural roles as major economic and political superpowers was not only the best news for global human welfare in a generation, but promised to raise a variety of geopolitical challenges which as yet remain unpredictable.” (Findlay and O’Rourke, p.18 2007) This assignment will help argue the case for the key economic indicators and the role of the government that has helped China in its momentous growth strategies and what made them so successful. In the second part I have made recommendations to China to what I think will help them sustain their economic growth based on the analysis I have provided in the first part of the essay. China’s history dates back to 1912 when it was official the republic of china was formed and Sun Yat-sen was the first proclaimed provisional president. In 1949 major combat resulted in China being forced into newer leadership (Communist Party). The new president Mao Zedong promoted a much different outlook he encouraged population growth and under his spell the population of China had almost doubled from 550 million to over 900. President Jiang Zemin is the major player that helped China pull through the 1990’s his stability and careful economic policies meant that an estimated 150 million peasants were able to come out of poverty and...
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...403 LENGTH: 9744 words NOTE: UNITED STATES-CHINA TRADE WAR: SIGNS OF PROTECTIONISM IN A GLOBALIZED ECONOMY? NAME: Kara Loridas LEXISNEXIS SUMMARY: ... Among the aims of the Doha Development Round are a rejection of protectionism and an attempt to ensure fair application of trade rules to developing countries. ... China argued that the increased tariffs imposed by the United States on Chinese tires exceed the permissible maximum tariff rates that the United States may impose on Chinese imports. ... An example of effective negotiations is the settlement of the U.S. complaint alleging a Chinese violation of the national treatment concept by its preferential treatment of domestic products over "like" imported products. ... Cooperative trade relations between the United States and China are important to the global community because the economies of each country are dependent on the rest of the world and the global economy will be harmed by protectionist measures from the first and third largest trading powers. ... Moreover, multilateral negotiations, as opposed to bilateral trade negotiations, are better suited to resolve the United States-China trade disputes because the disputes affect other WTO members in ways beyond the immediate economic impact. ... The most effective way to combat the rapid escalation and retaliatory nature of the disputes is to conduct multilateral negotiations that will preserve the WTO's goal of reducing trade barriers, avoid the adversarial nature of WTO litigation...
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...Pakistan-China Trade and Economic Corridor Economic Analysis Submitted to: Dr. Mehmood Karim Qureshi Business Economics for Mathematics MBA – 2 years (Evening) Submitted by: Asad Akram Roll No. 14I – 1216 Introduction: Pakistan and Chinese governments are planning to execute a trade and economic corridor through the length of Pakistan, from Gwadar in Baluchistan to Kashgar in Xingjiang. It will be a land based transport route alternate to the conventional sea route spanning Persian Gulf to China’s coastal regions. This corridor development can prove vital to bringing Pakistan’s economy back on its feet and also helping China in increasing trade with Middle East and African Countries. More than half of the world's proven oil reserves are located in the Middle East, the top region-based supplier of crude oil to China. In 2012, China imported 5.4 million bbl/d or 56% of its daily consumption in crude oil, of which 48.1% originated from the Persian Gulf. Up till now, all of this volume has been moved by seaborne oil tankers hauling over some 10,000 nautical miles to terminals along the east and southeast coast of China. Each journey is beset with one of the world's most perilous chokepoints - the Strait of Malacca. This leaves Beijing with tough choices in guaranteeing security in energy supply, practically because nearly 60% of annual oil consumption of this emerging economic powerhouse has to be imported and is still growing. Moreover, superior naval advantage...
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... Javaria Jamil 02 Table of Contents Executive summary: i China: 1 Pakistan 1 Introduction: 2 Background : 3 Sino-Indian war: 4 Timeline of Important events: 5 Diplomatic relations: 6 China support on Kashmir issues: 6 Sino Pakistan boundary agreement 6 China –us relation with the help of Pakistan 7 China support after 9/11 8 Trade relations: 10 Free Trade Agreement: 10 Exports: 12 Imports: 13 Kashgar Special Economic Zone (KSEZ): 14 Thar Coal Project: 15 Influence of china-india trade relation on pakistan : 15 Pakistan-china military relation 17 China and Pakistan defense ties 17 The Indian influence in military relations: 19 GEO-STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF PAKISTAN 20 Location of Gwadar port: 20 CONSTRUCTION OF GWADAR PORT: 20 GEO-STRATEGIC SIGNIFICANCE OF GWADAR 20 CHINA’S INTERESTS: 20 PORT OPERATIONS: 21 INDIAN CONCERNS: 21 The balancing act: 23 Regional Cooperation: 24 Nuclear cooperation: 25 Major completed projects: 25 projects underway: 25 Some current issues: 28 The Indian question: 28 Conclusion: 31 Bibliography: 32 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, we would like to say thanks to our...
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...first time, and investment overseas by Chinese companies in non-financial sectors totaled $59 billion. The country's per capita GDP is $7,518 in 2010. The provinces in the coastal regions of China tend to be more industrialized, while regions in the hinterland are less developed. As China's economic importance has grown, so has attention to the structure and health of that economy. In the modern era, China's influence in the world economy was minimal until the late 1980s. At that time, economic reforms initiated after 1978 began to generate significant and steady growth in investment, consumption and standards of living. China now participates extensively in the world market and private sector companies play a major role in the economy. Since 1978 hundreds of millions have been lifted out of poverty: According to China's official statistics, the poverty rate fell from 53% in 1981 to 2.5% in 2005. However, in 2006, 10.8% of people still lived on less than $1 a day (purchasing power parity-adjusted). The infant mortality rate fell by 39.5% between 1990 and 2005, and maternal mortality by 41.1%. Access to telephones during the period rose more than 94-fold, to 57.1%. In the 1949 revolution, China's economic system was officially made into a communist system. Since the wide-ranging reforms of the 1980s and afterwards, many scholars assert that China can be defined as one of the leading...
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...WTO: World Trade Organization Objectives of WTO: Objectives of WTO Important objectives of WTO are mentioned below: (i) to implement the new world trade system as visualised in the Agreement; (ii) to promote World Trade in a manner that benefits every country; (iii) to ensure that developing countries secure a better balance in the sharing of the advantages resulting from the expansion of international trade corresponding to their developmental needs; (iv) to demolish all hurdles to an open world trading system and usher in international economic renaissance because the world trade is an effective instrument to foster economic growth; (v) to enhance competitiveness among all trading partners so as to benefit consumers and help in global integration; (vi) to increase the level of production and productivity with a view to ensuring level of employment in the world; (vii) to expand and utilize world resources to the best; (viii) to improve the level of living for the global population and speed up economic development of the member nations. Functions of WTO Functions of WTO The former GATT was not really an organisation; it was merely a legal arrangement. On the other hand, the WTO is a new international organisation set up as a permanent body. It is designed to play the role of a watchdog in the spheres of trade in goods, trade in services, foreign investment, intellectual property rights, etc. Article III has set out the following...
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...How has China managed to promote its stature in the international financial market? The environmental analysis for the development of China’s international financial market 1.1 Enabling environment: The rapid rise in emerging markets. It changes the structure of global economic strength. On multiple economic and financial indicators, emerging countries can rank into the top 10, and they can challenged the developed countries on aspect of the international financial governance and international financial rules in international financial system. For instance, In 2010, the economic growth of emerging markets took up 72% to world economic growth, and among them, the BRIC is up to 49.1%. The international rankings of main economic indicators(2012) |Ranking |Nominal GDP |Purchasing power |Total volume of trade |Total foreign reserves | | | |parity(PPP) | | | |1 |USA |USA |USA |China | |2 |China |China |China |Japan | |3 |Japan |India |Germany |Eurozone | |4 |Germany |Japan |Japan |Saudi Arabia ...
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