...as use of animals in testing, treatment of women employees or others. Example: McDonald’s Malaysia boycotting crisis. * Product or Services Crises Nowadays, product failures is a surprisingly a common crisis. There are a few crisis can be related to product and services crisis. * Product recalls Product recalls is either undertaken voluntarily or mandated by regulatory agencies or the courts. Example: Johnson & Johnson experienced two recalls in 1982 and 1986 relating to their Extra Strengths Tylenol capsules. * Food-Borne Illness Usually faced by restaurants, meat-packing plants, and food distributors that the foods contain with contaminants such as E.Coli or salmonella bacteria make consumers ill or in some cases death. Example: Jack-in-Box’s and Hudson Food’s E.Coli Infected hamburgers. * Terrorist attacks These...
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...industrial life cycle and a Porter framework that can be used to analyze industry competition. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Upon reading this chapter, you should have a basic understanding of some of the macroeconomic factors that affect security prices. That is, how fiscal and monetary policy affect interest rates and security prices. And some industry groups are more affected by macroeconomic factors than others and the characteristics of an industry that affect its competitiveness. CHAPTER OUTLINE The top-down approach to fundamental analysis begins with analyzing the economy. Expected economic performance will influence the choice of industry and the specific firm chosen as an investment. 1. The Global Economy A top-down analysis of a company begins with an examination of global economic prospects. Risk Factors: Political risk: This affects the economic environment that determines the industry performance. Exchange-rate risk. Exchange-rate risk has several elements that are important to global economic...
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...rocter & Gamble Co., also known as P&G, is an American multinational consumer goods company headquartered in downtown Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, founded by William Procter and James Gamble, both from the United Kingdom. Its products include pet foods, cleaning agents, and personal care products. Prior to the sale of Pringles to the Kellogg Company, its product line included foods and beverages.[2] In 2014, P&G recorded $83.1 billion in sales. On 1 August 2014, P&G announced it was streamlining the company, dropping around 100 brands and concentrating on the remaining 80 brands, which produced 95 percent of the company's profits. A.G. Lafley, the company's chairman, president and CEO said the future P&G would be "a much simpler, much less complex company of leading brands that's easier to manage and operate." [3] P&G remains a highly selective employer as less than 1% of all applicants are hired annually.[4] Contents * 1 History * 2 Operations * 2.1 Management and staff * 2.2 Employer Recognition * 2.3 Brands * 2.4 Productions * 2.5 Online marketing * 3 Controversies * 3.1 Price fixing * 3.2 Toxic shock syndrome and tampons * 3.3 Animal testing * 3.4 Other products * 3.5 Logo myth * 4 References * 5 External links History William Procter, a candlemaker, and James Gamble, a soapmaker, both born in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, emigrated...
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...CHAPTER P10 PETROLEUM ACT • Laws • Subsidiary Legislation • LAWS ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Vesting of petroleum in the State, etc. Oil exploration licences, oil prospecting licences and oil mining leases. Refineries. Control of petroleum products. Offences in connection with the distribution of petroleum products. Price control. Rights of pre-emption. Power and duties of public officers. Regulations. Discharge of obligation to make payments. Settlement of disputes by arbitration. Delegation of powers. Offences. Repeals, amendments, transitional and savings provisions. Interpretation. Short title and commencement. SCHEDULES First Schedule Oil exploration licences, oil prospecting licences and oil mining leases Second Schedule Third Schedule Fourth Schedule Rights of pre-emption Repeals Transitional and savings provisions CHAPTER P10 PETROLEUM ACT An Act to provide for the exploration of petroleum from the territorial waters and the continental shelf of Nigeria and to vest the ownership of, and all on-shore and off- shore revenue from petroleum resources derivable therefrom in the Federal Government and for all other matters incidental thereto. [27th November, 1969] [Commencement.] 1. Vesting of petroleum in the State (1) The entire ownership and control of all petroleum in, under or upon any lands to which this section applies shall be vested in the State. (2)...
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...8/6/2014 Print Property: Personal, Intellectual, and Real Learning Objectives 11 After studying this chapter, you will be able to: 1. Distinguish between personal, intellectual, and real property. 2. Explain how personal property is acquired. 3. Discuss the definition and significance of bailments. 4. Define different types of tenancies in real property. 5. Discuss the concept of eminent domain. Ryan McVay/Photodisc/Thinkstock The concept of property and ownership is one that has long been important in both society in general and law in particular. English philosopher and political theorist John Locke saw it as "the reason why men enter into society," and Walter Lippmann, the American journalist, described it as "the only dependable foundation of personal liberty." Some have gone so far as to say that the main reason for law is to protect property rights. Even if one does not subscribe to such a narrow purpose, there is no doubt that the law is much concerned with property and rights of ownership. Property can be defined as the right of an individual to exclusively possess, use, and dispose of anything that is capable of being owned. Broadly speaking, property can be divided into three separate types: personal property, intellectual property, and real property. Personal property is characterized by its portable nature; it can be carried from place to place. Furthermore, personal property can be either tangible or intangible. Tangible personal property encompasses...
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...CUSTOMERS The One Number You Need to Grow by Frederick F. Reichheld FROM THE DECEMBER 2003 ISSUE T he CEOs in the room knew all about the power of loyalty. They had already transformed their companies into industry leaders, largely by building intensely loyal relationships with customers and employees. Now the chief executives—from Vanguard, Chick-fil-A, State Farm, and a half-dozen other leading companies—had gathered at a daylong forum to swap insights that would help them further enhance their loyalty efforts. And what they were hearing from Andy Taylor, the CEO of Enterprise Rent-A-Car, was riveting. Taylor and his senior team had figured out a way to measure and manage customer loyalty without the complexity of traditional customer surveys. Every month, Enterprise polled its customers using just two simple questions, one about the quality of their rental experience and the other about the likelihood that they would rent from the company again. Because the process was so simple, it was fast. That allowed the company to publish ranked results for its 5,000 U.S. branches within days, giving the offices real-time feedback on how they were doing and the opportunity to learn from successful peers. The survey was different in another important way. In ranking the branches, the company counted only the customers who gave the experience the highest possible rating. That narrow focus on enthusiastic customers surprised the CEOs in the room. Hands shot up. What about the rest of...
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...RISK MANAGEMENT – AN AREA OF KNOWLEDGE FOR ALL ENGINEERS A Discussion Paper By: Paul R. Amyotte, P.Eng.1 & Douglas J. McCutcheon, P.Eng.2 Chemical Engineering Program Department of Process Engineering & Applied Science Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3J 2X4 2 1 Industrial Safety & Loss Management Program Faculty of Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G6 Prepared For: The Research Committee of the Canadian Council of Professional Engineers October 2006 SUMMARY The purpose of this paper is to “seed” the discussion by the Research Committee of the Canadian Council of Professional Engineers (CCPE) on the topic of risk management. The paper is in part a research paper and in its entirety a position paper. As can be inferred from the title, the authors hold the firm opinion that risk management is an area of knowledge with which all engineers should have familiarity and a level of competence according to their scope of practice. The paper first makes the distinction between hazard and risk. The two terms are often used interchangeably when in fact they are quite different. A hazard is a chemical or physical condition that has the potential to cause harm or damage to people, environment, assets or production. Risk, on the other hand, is the possibility or chance of harm arising from a hazard; risk is a function of probability and severity of consequences. A description of the process of risk management is then given....
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...and interpret a mean and range chart • Construct and interpret a percent defective and a c-bar chart • • Discuss acceptance sampling Construct an operating characteristic curve for various sampling plans. W ter A. Shewhart (1891–1967) al W 1498 1548 1598 1648 1698 1748 1898 1948 2000 ith the advent of industrial revolution in the 19th century, mass production replaced manufacturing in small shops by skilled craftsman and artisans. While in the small shops the individual worker was completely responsible for the quality of the work, this was no longer true in mass production where each individual’s contribution to the finished product constituted only an insignificant part in the total process. The quality control by the large companies was achieved with the help of quality inspectors responsible for checking a 100 percent inspection of all the important characteristics. Dr. Walter A. Shewhart, called the father of quality control analysis, developed the concepts of statistical quality control. For the purpose of controlling quality, Shewhart developed charting techniques and statistical procedures for controlling in-process manufacturing operations. His statistical procedures are based on the concept of independent and identically distributed random variables. Based on these concepts, he distinguished between chance causes, producing random variation intrinsic to the process, and assignable causes, one should look for and take requiring corrective actions. In...
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...Environment Management Topic : Hazardous Waste Management Group Members : Rohan Shanbhag (146) Amit Sharma (147) Nandita Sharma (148) Priya Shegoankar (149) Hazardous waste management is the collection, treatment, and disposal of waste material that, when improperly handled, can cause substantial harm to human health and safety or to the environment. Hazardous wastes can take the form of solids, liquids, sludges, or contained gases, and they are generated primarily by chemical production, manufacturing, and other industrial activities. They may cause damage during inadequate storage, transportation, treatment, or disposal operations. Improper hazardous-waste storage or disposal frequently contaminates surface and groundwater supplies. People living in homes built near old and abandoned waste disposal sites may be in a particularly vulnerable position. In an effort to remedy existing problems and to prevent future harm from hazardous wastes, governments closely regulate the practice of hazardous-waste management. Hazardous Materials Regulations Hazardous materials are regulated by three primary government agencies: ...
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...Panchsheel Park, New Delhi—110 017, India Penguin Group (NZ), Cnr Airborne and Rosedale Roads, Albany, Auckland 1310, New Zealand (a division of Pearson New Zealand Ltd) Penguin Books (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd, 24 Sturdee Avenue, Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London WC2R ORL, England First published in 2005 by Viking Penguin, a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc. 13579 10 8642 Copyright © Jared Diamond, 2005 All rights reserved Maps by Jeffrey L. Ward LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING IN PUBLICATION DATA Diamond, Jared M. Collapse: how societies choose to fail or succeed/Jared Diamond. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-670-03337-5 1. Social history—Case studies. 2. Social change—Case studies. 3. Environmental policy— Case studies. I. Title. HN13. D5 2005 304.2'8—dc22 2004057152 This book is printed on acid-free paper. 8 Printed in the United States of America Set in Minion Designed by Francesca Belanger Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or...
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...DAVID SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE AND GENERIC STRATEGIES INTRODUCTION Keeping the strategic window open involves maintaining a sustainable competitive advantage. In consequence, we argue that competitive advantage should be market led. Next we examine the nature of core competencies and interpret their importance as the basis of gaining a sustainable competitive advantage in the market place. Along with these core competencies are a number of generic strategies that an organization can seek to follow or implement. We will look at each of these generic strategies in turn. First we will look at low-cost, focus and pre-emptive strategies and differentiation strategies. The latter leads us to consider product and service quality, customer focus and relevant issues relating to brand management. COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE SHOULD BE MARKET LED The literature on the subject is dominated by Porter (1980a and b, 1985, 1987), though his propositions are not without its critics (viz. Cronshaw et al., 1994; Speed, 1989). Some see the firm’s outputs or offerings as the main focus of competitive strategy, with the primary aim of strategy being to compete effectively in particular markets by offering a competitive bundle of benefits, or value, to the consumer. It is the positioning of one firm’s offering relative to another that is of prime importance (Mathur, 1992). An alternative view concentrates on the resources of the organization and maintains that superior resources, and processes...
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...into account each member’s abilities, efforts, and desires. Like a household, a society faces many decisions. A society must decide what jobs will be done and who will do them. It needs some people to grow food, other people to make clothing, and still others to design computer software. Once society has allocated people (as well as land, buildings, and machines) to various jobs, 3 Consider why trade among people or nations can be good for everyone Discuss why markets are a good, but not per fect, way to allocate resources Learn what determines some trends in the overall economy 1 TLFeBOOK 2 4 Ten Principles of Economics PA R T O N E INTRODUCTION scarcity the limited nature of society’s resources economics the study of how society manages its scarce resources it must also allocate the output of goods and services that they produce. It must decide who will eat caviar and who will eat potatoes. It must decide who will drive a Porsche and who will take the bus. The management of...
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...CHAPTER 10 PLANT ASSETS, NATURAL RESOURCES, AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS SUMMARY OF QUESTIONS BY OBJECTIVES AND BLOOM’S TAXONOMY Item 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. sg st a SO 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 BT K K K K K C C K C K K C K AP C C K C AP AP AP AP K C C AP K C AP AP K K K K K C K C K Item 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. SO 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 BT K K K K K K K K K K K K AP AP K AP K AP AP K K K K AP AP K AP C K AP AP AP AN AP AP AP AP C AP Item 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140. 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. SO 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 BT C C C K C K C K K K K K AP AP AP AP AP AP AP K K K AN K K K C C C K K C C AP K K C C C Item 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. a 47. a 48. 150. 151. 152. 153. 154. 155. 156. 157. 158. 159. 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167. 168. 169. 170. 171. 172. 173. 174. 175. 176. SO 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 BT C K K K K K K K K K...
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...Unit READING ……………………………………. 2 3 5 Overview exercise ……………………………. Article …………….……………………… Close study exercise ……………………. 4 2 7 WRITING (Argument) ………………............... Suitable Topics for an Argument ……………. Elements of an Argument ……………………. Rational or Emotional Appeal ……………. Dealing with your Opponents ……………. Discovering the Pros & Cons ……………. Organization of an Argument ……………. Strong Argument ……………………. Balanced Argument ……………………. Writing tips ……………………………. Being Concise ……………………………. Using Specific Detail ……………………. 7 7 10 10 11 13 13 16 20 20 23 REMEDIAL WORK Review ………………………... 25 ……………………………………. 25 VOCABULARY ………………………............ 31 Academic Word List (AWL) 6 ……………. 31 Word Formation 4 ................................ 32 PRESENTATIONS ……………………...… 33 Argument ……………………………………. 33 READING The article on the following pages is taken from the Science & Technology page of the BBC website. Dated 19 July 2010, the article expresses one point of view in the continuing debate about GM food, which is a significant part of the biotechnology industry. “GM” stands for “genetically modified.” Exercise 1 Overview Answer the questions below to obtain an overview of the article. Many questions can be answered by reference to the topic sentences. 1. 2. 3. 4. What kind of science does Jonathan Jones specialize in? He is writing in the BBC’s “Green Room.” What is that? Read the article synopsis. What does Professor Jones think about GM food crops? Read the whole of the introductory...
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