...Engineering ethics has also various senses which are related to one another. Comparison of the senses of Ethics and Engineering Ethics Ethics 1. Ethics is an activity which concerns with making investigations and knowing about moral values, finding solutions to moral issues and justifying moral issues and justifying moral judgments. 2. Ethics is a means of contrasting moral questions from non-moral problems. 3. Ethics is also used as a means of describing the beliefs, attitudes and habits related to an individual’s or group’s morality. Eg. : Ethics given in the Bhagavat Gita or the Bible or the Quran. 4. As per the definition of dictionaries – ‘moral principles’ is about the actions and principles of conduct of the people. i.e. ethical or unethical. Engineering Ethics 1. Like the ethics, engineering ethics also aims at knowing moral values related to engineering, finding accurate solutions to the moral problems in engineering and justifying moral judgments of engineering. 2. Engineering Ethics gives a total view of the moral problems and how to solve these issues specifically related to engineering field. 3. Engineering ethics is also using some currently accepted codes and standards which are to be followed by group of engineers and engineering societies. 4. Engineering ethics also concerns with discovering moral principles such as obligation, rights and ideals in engineering and by applying them to take a correct decision. From these senses of Engineering...
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...Hierarchy of Personal Ethical Development Kristen Leek, Steven Baker, Stephanie Berkovic, Nakoma Wells PHL/323 September 8, 2011 Byron Phillips Kohlberg Hierarchy of Personal Ethical Development Kohlberg Hierarchy of Personal Ethical Development Kohlberg’s stages of moral development uses three scenarios, also known as the Heinz dilemma to asses how an individual will react to certain problem or a specific course of action. In level one the pre-conventional morality, there is two stages. Stage one is punishment-obedience orientation. This is the concern for self with this stage. Stage two is instrumental relativist orientation. This is the concern of “what is in it for me?” The second level is conventional morality. Stage three is called the good boy-nice girl orientation. This is the concern of what other people will think or how they are perceived in society. Stage four is the law and order orientation. This is what is right is obeying the laws of society. Level three of Kohlberg’s theory is post-conventional morality. Stage five of level three is social contract orientation. The concern is social utility or public interest, the right action is one that protects the rights of the individual. Stage six is universal ethical principle orientation. The concern is for moral principles; these principles are not concrete moral rules but are universal principles of justice, reciprocity, equality and human dignity. Pre-conventional Morality The book evaluates level one-the Preconventional...
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...Position Paper Whistleblowing, Is it Ethical? Whistleblowing, Is it Ethical? The ethical discussion behind whistleblowing has been debated for decades. With each level of every organization seeing the act of whistleblowing from a different position it has become a topic that all business schools address. The Whistleblowing Helpline defines whistleblowing as “raising a concern about a wrong doing within an organization” (About Whistleblowing). Furthermore, whistleblowing specifically refers to the revealing of concerns about legitimate criminal or unjust acts that present danger to the environment of the organization. Therefore, the whistleblower is the person who has a concern within their organization and is moved to raise that concern to the leadership of their workplace or to an external authority (About Whistleblowing). When done in the right context and for the right reasons whistleblowing is ethically acceptable under both the Utilitarian theory and the Deontological theory of ethics. While the act of whistleblowing is considered ethical under the reasoning of these two theories, the outcome of whistleblowing is not always glorious for the whistleblower. Instead most whistleblowers raise their concerns as a means of creating a better future for the organization, as well as all of its stakeholders. An employee who chooses to be a whistleblower is often times ridiculed and despised within their organization, especially when little or nothing is done about their...
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...A large corporation such as Wal-Mart has the ability to generate and demonstrate many unethical behaviors in their pursuit of profit and the scandal uncovered in 2005 displays that in several ways. Wal-Mart’s use of bribery in Mexico, and subsequent denial and “ignorance” of the allegations, presents many ethical issues such as; overconfidence bias, ethical fading, framing, and obedience to authority. In order to prevent these unethical behaviors corporations must have a set of core values and goals that align with legal business practice and they must set up checks along the way in order to prevent harm to the company and the communities that they serve. If companies can do this they can prevent losses both monetary and of public favor. To summarize the issue briefly, in the early 2000’s Wal-Mart was attempting to expand business into Mexico. In order to hurry along business and obtain the highest profits possible, it was discovered, that Wal-Mart had employees bribe many public officials in the Mexico City area. These bribed officials helped to rezone and pass legislation along that would give Wal-Mart the right to build on land that had previously been unavailable. This is known as a "dishonest graft" which is an act of self-enrichment, which in this case exposes the grafter to legal penalties since it is considered in the United States to be a form of bribery. In 2005 some parties involved in the corrupt practice sent an email to company’s higher up officials, which outlined...
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...Overview of the Organization Commercial Bank of Ceylon PLC ➢ History In 2003, Commercial Bank of Ceylon Ltd. acquired Credit Agricole lndosuez (CAl) operations in Bangladesh. CBC, while continuing CAI's strategy would further extend the reach and range of services in Bangladesh. Over a period, CBC has strengthened the retail banking side as well, for which Commercial Bank has made its name in Sri Lanka. The formal taking over of CAI's Bangladeshi operation took place on November 6, 2003. The official opening ceremony was held on 10th December 2003 attended by Governor Central Bank of Sri Lanka, Governor of Bangladesh Bank and many other distinguished guests, including diplomats, corporate customers, representatives of foreign multi-nationals and other well-wishers. Over the period of last 9 years of operation in Bangladesh, CBC has expanded its branch network to 7 branches, 2 booths, 2 specialised OBU sections in Dhaka (Dhanmondi) and Chittagong (CEPZ) and 6 SME centers in Bangsal Road (Dhaka), Progati Sharani (Dhaka), Shantinagar (Dhaka), Tongi (Dhaka), Jubilee Road (Chittagong) and CDA Avenue (Chittagong). Unique products and services, superior service quality and efficient and customized solutions to the requirements of corporate and personal banking customers are hallmarks of the successful stride of CBC in Bangladesh. With an unblemished history of nearly a century in the Sri Lanka's Banking arena, Commercial Bank has been rated as the Best Bank in Sri Lanka...
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...applied to various field of business managements (Ferrell, O. C., & Ferrell, L. 2011) . For instance, the decision making processes of BOD would consider the ethical effect of the decision made and implemented without harming any of the individual around and related. Supply chain management is the management of products and services that how they are converted from materials to products and then finally deliver to the final users and customers. In the entire processes of supply chain activities, there are many of interrelated individuals and stakeholders are affected and related, therefore satisfy each stakeholder is to ensure the effectiveness of the supply chain management system. Due diligence is the duty and responsibility of managements and directors to act prudently in evaluating associated risks in all transactions and business activities in order to ensure that business are going concern and healthy in comply with legal standards. The relationship between due diligence, business ethics and supply chain management is that business will use due diligence as the way to ensure the business ethics is implemented and contribute to an efficient and effective supply chain management system of the organization that realize the benefits and interest of all related stakeholders, and thus intends to satisfy them. 2. ETHICAL ISSUE IN SCM Supply chain management is one of the crucial...
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...business together? Through globalization growth, multiple ethical issues are receiving exposure accord to various management teams. If business ethics is a dilemma within the country then consider the issues that occur due to a foreign language, diversity in cultures, and the number of people involved raises to a global scale. In this paper, I will identify the ethical perspectives of two different countries, China and Australia. China has been at the head of concern about products, enterprises, and business ethics. The article examines the business ethics of China. China is now the manufacturer of over fifty percent of products in the world. While that would seem like a positive thing, the world has been faced with countless times where “Made in China” products have been considered defective. The beginning and expansion of business ethics in China can be separated into two different periods in relation to China becoming a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Even though China’s business ethics had expanded from not really being anything, to becoming a discipline, the topic still is faced with many challenges. Despite those challenges, China must develop and build up their business ethics to meet satisfactory standards. Right now, as mentioned above, China is running into problems with the safety, durability, and overall quality of their products. However, these are not the only issues China is facing. There are ethical issues linked to labor rights, corruption, and distributive...
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...The role of Leadership in Organizational Integrity, and five modes of Ethical Leadership Components of Ethical Leadership. Ethical leadership begins with the way leaders perceive and conceptualize the world around them. Ethical leadership, organizational ethics, and social responsibility are inseparable concepts. They are developing concepts, to be sure, but inseparable. How ethical leaders relate to and come to understand the world around them involves judgment and action. These can be developed. In sum, the leader's role is to guide the human potential of the organization's stakeholders to achieve organizational aspirations in ways that liberate rather constrain their imaginations and judgment. Ethical leadership must, then, be effective, efficient, and excellent if it is not to waste human potential. It is not enough to be ethical in one's individual actions to be an ethical leader. To be effective, efficient, and excellent, four components of ethical leadership must be understood and developed: purpose, knowledge, authority, and trust. The relationship between these four components can be visualized as interrelated components, as described in the figure opposite. Attention to any one component alone is incomplete and misleading. * Purpose-The ethical leader reasons and acts with organizational purposes firmly in mind. This provides focus and consistency. * Knowledge-The ethical leader has the knowledge to judge and act prudently. This knowledge is found...
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...(Points : 15) 2. (TCO B) Explain the basics of the theory of dual federalism and the importance of the Supreme Court case of McCulloch v. Maryland to that theory. (Points : 15) 3. (TCO C) The 50 states within the United States of America have come about in a variety of ways. Please briefly explain at least two of the ways that states have been formed and/or admitted to the union. (Points : 15) 4. (TCO D) The ability to generate specific types of taxes varies from one level of government to the next. Rank the abilities of the three: local, state, and federal government. Explain at least one way that the respective abilities of the three levels of government to raise tax impact them from an intergovernmental perspective. (Points : 15) 5. (TCO E) Why was the Department of Homeland Security formed? Do you feel that this has helped from a strategic planning perspective? (Points : 15) 6. (TCO F) Explain briefly why requiring financial disclosure of certain governmental officials may help prevent ethical issues from arising. (Points : 15) 7. (TCO G) The Governmental Accounting Standards Board (the "GASB") has conceptually addressed the idea of performance reporting. The concept sets forth the idea of measuring "service efforts and accomplishments" ("SEA" for short). Service accomplishments can be viewed as the output measures or as outcome measures. Explain briefly the difference between output measures and outcome measures. (Points : 15) 8. (TCO A) Suppose that you have just...
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...(Points : 15) 2. (TCO B) Explain the basics of the theory of dual federalism and the importance of the Supreme Court case of McCulloch v. Maryland to that theory. (Points : 15) 3. (TCO C) The 50 states within the United States of America have come about in a variety of ways. Please briefly explain at least two of the ways that states have been formed and/or admitted to the union. (Points : 15) 4. (TCO D) The ability to generate specific types of taxes varies from one level of government to the next. Rank the abilities of the three: local, state, and federal government. Explain at least one way that the respective abilities of the three levels of government to raise tax impact them from an intergovernmental perspective. (Points : 15) 5. (TCO E) Why was the Department of Homeland Security formed? Do you feel that this has helped from a strategic planning perspective? (Points : 15) 6. (TCO F) Explain briefly why requiring financial disclosure of certain governmental officials may help prevent ethical issues from arising. (Points : 15) 7. (TCO G) The Governmental Accounting Standards Board (the "GASB") has conceptually addressed the idea of performance reporting. The concept sets forth the idea of measuring "service efforts and accomplishments" ("SEA" for short). Service accomplishments can be viewed as the output measures or as outcome measures. Explain briefly the difference between output measures and outcome measures. (Points : 15) 8. (TCO A) Suppose that you have just...
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...funds, set up an executive’s double standard and was above the law. However, the ethics officer considered the EVP’s tenure and 30 years authority and was at the very highest levels officer in North America. He wanted to avoid personal involvement in the case he should take action. The controller of company confronted the unethical behavior. He decided to strictly enforce the standards of BMI and disclose the ugly fact. How did company deal with the issues? How did company foresee the importance of the internal control in business and improve it and achieve its budgeted objective? IMPORTANCE OF INTERNAL CONTROL IN BUSINESS 3 Discussion In this case, EVP admitted to everything quickly and had apologized sincerely, and asked to keep his job. (Source) BMI should make the decision based on EVP’s attitude for his fraudulency instead of how huge his contribution to the organization for the past 30 years. Today, the legal and moral culpability of top-level company managers and the ethical dilemmas which auditors faced are the challenging issues that affect internal control in business organizations and even damage the interests of company stakeholders, such as stockholders, employees and the community. Managers are responsible for attaining the goals of the organization, targeting particular levels of budgeted income and implementing internal control system. To achieve...
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...An Army White Paper THE PROFESSION OF ARMS I AM AN EXPERT AND I AM A PROFESSIONAL 9TH STANZA SOLDIER’S CREED CG TRADOC Approved 8 December 2010 Authority: This White Paper has been approved for distribution on 2 December 2010 by the Commanding General, Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC), under his authority granted by the Secretary of the Army and the Chief of Staff of the Army in the Terms of Reference dated 27 October 2010 for TRADOC to execute the ‗Review of the Army Profession in an Era of Persistent Conflict.‘ Purpose: This White Paper serves to facilitate an Army-wide dialog about our Profession of Arms. It is neither definitive nor authoritative, but a starting point with which to begin discussion. It will be refined throughout calendar year 2010 based on feedback from across our professional community. All members of the profession and those who support the profession are encouraged to engage in this dialog. Distribution: Distribution is unlimited. Yet, the material in this draft is under development. It can be referenced, but not referenced or cited as official Army policy or doctrine. Feedback and Participation: Comments on this White Paper should be sent to the Center for the Army Profession and Ethic (CAPE), Combined Arms Center, TRADOC. To get engaged in this review of the Profession of Arms, visit the CAPE website at https://www.us.army.mil/suite/page/611545 and click on the Campaign link. The website will also provide links to professional forums...
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...Engineering – Accountant’s responsibility As an assistant controller (management) Dewi Hartono has an ethical responsibility to take action. Hartono has discovered that the company purposely included direct cost to overhead cost. This has cause to over bill the federal government. Clearly, this is a violation of the law and could severely cause Hartono from ever preforming any type of accounting work; not mentioning a long time in prison. Hartono has a legal and ethical responsibility to take action. Hartono, as a professional, must communicate this information to someone who is in a superior position to take the appropriate action. Hartono has the responsibility to communicate the information fair and objectively. The IMA’s Code of Ethics that applies are competence, confidentiality and integrity. Hartono has a responsibility to competence accordance with the law and regulations. She also has to act professionally while dealing with this situation. Hartono has to be confidentiality when deciding what to do on this ethical dilemma; by not using the confidential information for unethical or illegal advantage. Hartono must use his integrity to stop himself from engaging in any conduct that would prejudice carrying out duties ethically. The first possible action is for Hartono to talk to the controller. This is an appropriate action Hartono could take. As discuss in the Statement of Ethical Professional practice Hartono should discuss the issue with her immediate supervisor expect when...
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...conduct. To act in an ethical way is to confirm to accepted standards or moral behavior. It is true that all people like to behave ethically but when person have to make difficult choice between person interest and social interest the problem of ethics becomes dominant. Marketing Managers have to face challenges of balancing the best interest of the consumers, organization and society and has to distinguish between what is ethical and what is unethical and act accordingly Your text here Your text here Your text here Your text here A company’s Managers play an important role in establishing its ethical tone. If Managers behave as if the only thing that matter is profit, employees are likely to act in a like manner. A company’s leaders are responsible for setting standards for what is and is not acceptable employee behavior. Managers to play an active role in creating a working environment where employee are encouraged and rewarded for acting in an ethical manner. Marketing Ethic Is an Area that deals with the moral Principles behind marketing. Ethics in Marketing applies to different spheres such as in product, pricing, placing, and promotion ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL ETHICS IN PERFORMANCE * The World’s Third Largest auto manufacturing company. * Situated in United State with its Head Quarter at Detroit, Michigan. * About 209, 00 People are employed in the Company in Major Region Ethical Dilemma Basic elements of ethical decisions related to Individual’s...
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...legal responsibilities that apply to the circumstances, including whether there is a requirement for the firm to report to the person or persons who made the appointment or, in some cases, to regulatory authorities; and (b) The possibility of withdrawing from the engagement or from both the engagement and the client relationship. 35. Policies and procedures on withdrawal from an engagement or from both the engagement and the client relationship address issues that include the following: • Discussing with the appropriate level of the client’s management and those charged with its governance regarding the appropriate action that the firm might take based on the relevant facts and circumstances. • If the firm determines that it is appropriate to withdraw, discussing with the appropriate level of the client’s management and those charged with its governance withdrawal from the engagement or from both the engagement and the client relationship, and the reasons for the withdrawal. • Considering whether there is a professional, regulatory or legal requirement for the firm to remain in place, or for the firm to report the withdrawal from the engagement, or from both the engagement and the client relationship, together with the reasons for the withdrawal, to regulatory authorities. • Documenting significant issues, consultations, conclusions and the basis for the conclusions. Human Resources 36. The firm should establish policies and procedures designed to provide it...
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