...Prachi Sonani Mr. Bal Honors English 10 29 September 2014 Extraterrestrials in the Universe No one has seen the element ununoctium, but it does not indicate that it does not exist; in fact it is an actual synthetic element that has yet to survive for more than a thousandth of a second. All that is needed are scientists who can stabilize the element to survive longer. The same goes for extraterrestrials. Just because no one has found them, it does not prove they do not exist. Extraterrestrials are any form of life that does not originate, or did not originate from Earth. When people think of aliens, they imagine creatures like Megamind, E.T., and many others that they have seen on television or read about in fiction books. What people really forget is that life can be as simple as an individual cell, or a microbe; so when asked, without thinking, many people say they do not believe in the possibility of life elsewhere. Over the years, scientists have dedicated a significant amount of their life looking for any type of evidence. There is a great possibility of extraterrestrial life existing on other planets as is evidenced by the history of the universe, the extant research, and the expanse of the universe. The past of the universe substantiates the possibility of aliens living on other worlds. In order to find the proof of life, the scientists have intensely studied planet Mars. About 16 million years ago, the collision of an asteroid with Mars blasted martian rocks in...
Words: 2465 - Pages: 10
...Few studies have investigated country-of-origin (COO) effects on Mainland Chinese consumer perceptions of foreign products (Ahmed & d’Astous, 1999; Wang, Siu, & Hui, 2004; Zhang, 1996). ‘‘In the early years after the inception of the open-door policy, most PRC consumers generally associated foreign products with such concepts as sophistication, modernity, novelty, and faddishness’’ (Zhou & Hui, 2003, p. 37). Furthermore, there has been a perception that foreign products have been of higher quality. ‘‘When imports work better, Chinese tend to accept the fact and show a favourable attitude. This is also a reflection of Chinese ‘sense of righteousness’. Tired of the low quality of domestic goods for decades, Chinese consumers regard imported products as more prestigious and higher class than domestic products’’ (Gong, 2003, p. 376). Other recent work indicates that Chinese consumers now express generally favourable attitudes Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: jknight@business.otago.ac.nz (J. Knight), hgao@business.otago.ac.nz (H. Gao), tgarrett@korea.ac.kr (T. Garrett), kdeans@business.otago.ac.nz (K. Deans). 0195-6663/$ - see front matter r 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2007.06.010 towards Chinese-owned grocery brands (Kwok, Uncles, & Huang, 2005), and growing evidence indicates that, with improved quality of locally produced products, consumer preference for foreign goods has diminished; this ‘‘reflects the increasing sophistication of some...
Words: 379 - Pages: 2
...What makes life in the universe possible? There are many different factors that play into the possibility of life. Out of the billions of galaxies, it’s estimated that only one out of every ten are able to harbor life and only 44 percent of F6-k3 of main sequences stars around our galaxy have the possibility of sustain life (solstation.com). There are certain molecules needed to create and sustain life and only certain stars can harbor life. The possibility of life in the universe has many different factors. Life requires usable energy sources. For organisms on earth, they must be able to metabolize or use these energy sources. The earth organisms are able to assimilate energy from organic and inorganic sources and some are even able to metabolize sunlight and turn it into energy (text book). If earth did not receive sunlight from the sun it would not be able to continue to make the energy needed; this would result in equilibrium and there would no longer be a way for energy to be made. Life also needs carbon for its most basic functions; such as metabolism, reproduction, and evolution (text book). There are other molecules, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur to name a few, that play important roles (text book). Without an abundance of hydrogen and oxygen water would not exist. Water plays an important role as a solvent, which allows for chemical reactions to take place (text book). For there to be life there must be a source of energy,...
Words: 720 - Pages: 3
...1. Why are scientists interested in the possibility of life beyond Earth? The discovery of life of any kind beyond Earth would forever change our perspective on how we fit into the universe as a whole, and would teach us much more about life here on Earth. 2. People have long been interested in life beyond Earth. What is different today that makes this possibility seem scientifically reasonable? Today, technology has flourished and is more advanced than it was in the past. We are able to have telescopic and spacecraft photos of planets and large moons, as well as launching missions to further investigate our curiosity. Because of these advances in technology, we know more about the universe than we previously did. 3. What do we mean by a geocentric universe? In general terms, contrast a geocentric view of the universe with our modern view of the universe. Thousands of years ago, many people believed that the Earth was at the centre of the universe; this was the geocentric view. The geocentric view of the universe contrast our modern view of the universe since it is a Sun-centered view. 4. What are extrasolar planets? In what way does their discovery make it seem more reasonable to imagine finding life elsewhere? Extrasolar planets are planets orbiting stars other than our Sun. It is now more reasonable to imagine life elsewhere since many or most stars have planets. Therefore, there may possibly be life living on these planets or moons. 5. What do we mean...
Words: 785 - Pages: 4
...LIFE IN THE WORLD 3.1. The nature of life according to Christianity Christianity teaches that the universe was created through love by an intelligent power, namely the God of the Bible. Creation was purposeful, not arbitrary, and therefore the universe is not morally neutral, but fundamentally good. In this purposeful creation, everything and everyone are intrinsically valuable. God's design or purpose for creation reflects God's intention that all creatures enjoy perfect love and justice. God works in human history to fulfil that purpose. God created human beings in the divine image, enabling humans to have some understanding of God and of God's vast and complex design. The purpose of life is to love and serve God in order to help bring about God's glorious plan for creation. Reason is a unique gift bestowed by God on humans and enables them to reflect on their own nature and conscience, and from that derive knowledge of God's will for creation. But a complete understanding is beyond human reach. To fulfil the goal of wholeness in an existence perfected by both justice and love, something more is needed. Humans are not expected to accomplish the divine plan alone. The fulfilment of God's purpose depends on God's grace. For Christians, grace is God's freely-given favour and love. Reason is a good gift, sometimes misused for selfish, wilful, or prideful purposes. The substitution of selfish ambition for God's will is a condition that Christians call sin, meaning separation...
Words: 2321 - Pages: 10
...Chapter #1: A Universe of Life? 1.1 The Possibility of Life Beyond Earth What are we searching for? * What are we looking for exactly? * Is it: intelligent life portrayed in sci-fi, more akin to the plants and animals we see in parks or zoos, or is it tiny bacteria-like microbes? * The simple answer to this question is “all of the above” * Extraterrestrial life: Life beyond Earth, we are looking for any sign of life, be it simple, complex, or even intelligent * We have a general definition of what life is, but for now it should be clear that this is a complicated question that affects how we search for life in the universe * Because of the definitional difficulty, the scientific search for extraterrestrial life in the universe generally presumes a search for life that is at least somewhat Earth-like and that we could therefore recognize based on what we know from studying life on Earth Is it reasonable to imagine life beyond Earth? * Prior to the 20th century, for example, some scientists guessed that Venus might harbor a tropical paradise -> this guess was based on little more than the fact that Venus is covered by clouds and closer than Earth to the Sun * Mars was the subject of even more intense debate, largely because a handful of scientists thought they saw long, straight canals on the surface * These canals, which don’t actually exist, were cited as evidence of a Martian civilization * Why has...
Words: 2026 - Pages: 9
...Chapter 1: A Universe of Life? 1. | The portrayal of nearly all aliens in movies and on TV as being humanoid is | A) | based on the fact that it would be impossible for us to understand anything that wasn't very similar to a human | B) | realistic because the human form has several unique qualities that make it a good choice for any advanced civilization | C) | based on the fact that the human form is the only possible form for an advanced civilization | D) | probably unrealistic because the human form is most likely a result of the particular conditions and events that occurred on the Earth | 2. | Extraterrestrial life elsewhere in the universe | A) | will be unrecognizable | B) | could be similar to life on Earth or might be completely different | C) | will be identical to life on Earth | D) | will be completely different than life on Earth | 3. | Extraterrestrial life is defined to be | A) | life found beyond the Earth which is based on the same biology and chemistry as life on Earth | B) | advanced life forms that have visited the Earth | C) | any kind of life found beyond the Earth | D) | advanced life found on Earth-like planets around other stars | 4. | If life is eventually found in the solar system, it will most likely be in the form of | A) | microbes | B) | plants | C) | animals | D) | little green men and women | 5. | Recently astronomers have gained concrete evidence that, in addition to being full of stars...
Words: 1117 - Pages: 5
...Before all of life and creation, there was nothing. The universe wasn’t expanding because there was nothing there. The whole plane of our existence was not there. The universe itself was only but a few miles by a few miles of nothing. There was no dust; there was no organic tissue, there was nothing. A cataclysmic event happened, the universe and all universes shifted. There was a mighty crack in which particles from all universes came together. Our miniscule universe had its first substance. This was life inherently starting. Through chaos life would form in so many years no one could count them. It would take a billion men a trillion years to hope to know when the first particles came over. This occurrence brought the pure substance, the first substance, the Great Carbon Essence. The Pure Carbon Essence seeped into our universe and soon there was no more space, so the universe moved. Expansion started as with any known civilization. Soon the Great Carbon Essence had moved trillions of miles and were content, but it was not so forever. For nothing good can stay. Particles were getting bunched, many wanted more space to move free. The universe was to slow. Some Essence took initiative and brought about a change. This was the beginning of change. Some of the Pure Essence exchanged with each other their innards and changed. They slowly began becoming tainted. Soon elements off all kinds formed and the Great Carbon Essence did away with them. There was an attempt to banish...
Words: 712 - Pages: 3
...from death. Even the death of a person is very terrifying, the end of humanity and universe is not imaginable. Humankind has been wondering how and when the Earth ends for thousands of years. The reasons of wondering may be for different topics such as; to be prepared spiritually or religiously or to spend all the money that a person has or enjoy the life more. Related to how the Earth is going to end, the concepts of exemptionalist, environmentalist, universe and judgment day should be known. Initially, exemptionalists are the people who see the humankind that can handle every problem, so they claim that the problems which occur do not require worrying about. On the other hand, environmentalists are the people who see humankind as a part of a nature so they point out that humankind is related to environment directly, hence humankind is affected all the problems about environment. Universe is the place where everything stays and occurs in. Universe was created from nothing with Big Bang. This place applies physical laws. Judgment day is the time many religions accept that God will end the life which we live. Mainly theories about end of the world can be separated into three groups which are the end because of human based problems, physical destruction of universe and the order of God. Although the human based damages on the Earth are getting more and more serious and physical collapse of universe makes sense scientifically, the decision of end of the world only depends on the owner...
Words: 1760 - Pages: 8
...that the universe has order, purpose, regularity and suitability for human life (Sarah Tyler). Complexities of the universe demonstrate some form of design. The design requires a designer. Therefore, for many, the designer is God of the Classical Theism (Hereafter referred to as God). This argument was first introduced by Socrates, a Greek philosopher, showing that the argument is strong as it has survived the test of time as we are still discussing it in the 21st century so the argument has merit and displays longevity. “With such signs of forethought in the design of living creatures, how can there be doubt that they are the work of choice or design” cited by Socrates. There is an early belief that there is design in the world. In the 13th century, Thomas Aquinas furthered the design argument through his book, Summa Theologica. He proposed 5 ways to prove the existence of God; one of which was the Teleological argument. For Aquinas, these arguments point to a being “that we call God”. To prove the existence of god, he used the analogy of the archer, arrow and target to show that there must be an intelligent being who is directing being to their end or purpose. For example, an archer must direct his arrow towards the target in order for it to fulfil its purpose. Without the archer the arrow will not hit the target. Aquinas argues from Design Qua (relating to) regularity which states that there is a governor of the universe that directs thinks and keeps the universe regulated...
Words: 1615 - Pages: 7
...until Across the Universe Have you ever wondered if there are any extraterrestrial life forms in the universe? An extraterrestrial is defined as life that does not originate from Earth. It is often also referred to as alien. “Alien” is a very familiar word even though many of us have never met or seen them. They are in TV or movies, and especially the Hollywood productions love to make movies about extraterrestrials. For example, ET (1982) is one of the famous SF movies. The alien, ET is very friendly to people, and it has an ability of making object flying. Since they are only a part of blockbuster movies, most of times people are careless about aliens; however, there are many incidents that show they are real. There are three significant signs that prove they are real such as we are able to suspect another life form in an infinite universe, have UFO sighting everywhere in the world, and have experiences of many people’s alien abduction. First, there must be another life form among the limitless galaxies. Since the universe began in the Big Bang about 15 billion years ago, it has constantly expanded. Therefore, the universe is infinite and Earth is just considered like a grain of sand. The universe is divided into two parts; the observable and the non-observable. There are countless planets and solar systems in the observable universe. Is it true that the Earth is the only planet where life exits in the infinite universe? If there are sunlight and water, life forms could be...
Words: 763 - Pages: 4
...appearance that the Milky Way is at the center of the universe, and all galaxies are moving away from us, possibly due to some large explosion, The Big Bang. The Hubble's Law can be applied to any observer in any galaxy. No matter where you are, an expanding universe will give the same appearance. The expansion of the universe is not like the explosion of a bomb sending fragments in all directions. Space itself is expanding. We can detect photons that appear to have moved at different speeds through space. However, as the speed of light is constant, it is space that is moving relative to the photon. The galaxies are fixed relative to space, but space itself is moving. We have seen no 'edge' to the universe and there are an equal number of galaxies in every direction. Also, galaxies can move relative to space, but at times gravity can accelerate one galaxy toward another faster than space expands. When light waves travel through space, they are stretched by expansion and this increases the wave's wavelength, making it appear redder. Using the Hubble Law, we can estimate the age of the universe. At some point in the distant past, matter in the universe must have been densely packed. From this point, the universe would have expanded at some high speed to become today's universe. Assuming a constant expansion over time, we find that the age of the universe is around 14 billion years. Over very large distances, galaxies in the universe are more or less uniformly distributed. If there...
Words: 1341 - Pages: 6
...control in our lives. Otherwise known as the will to power, although this might be true, our individualistic will to power is irrelevant compared to the will to power of the universe. Our will to power pushes us to seek for things such as life, interactions, fulfillment, or scientific progression,...
Words: 1291 - Pages: 6
...of god? The teleological argument is a posteriori, this means that it is able to support its argument based of the empirical evidence that we can see around us. It states that we can easily observe that there is order and complexity in the universe around us, such as the changing of seasons or the human eye, therefore as things that have order and complexity have designers such as a watch or a computer the world must too have a designer as it is infinitely more complex than many human designs that have designers. This means that the universe must too have a designer (God), yet there are many strengths and weaknesses to this argument. On the one hand this could be perceived as a strong argument for the existence of god as it is backed up by inductive reasoning, meaning that the whole argument is started by something that we can observe, this means that it is difficult to deny that there is order and complexity within our universe. This argument has been backed up by sir Thomas Aquinas in his book ‘summa theologica’ when he talks about qua purpose and qua regularity. Qua purpose can prove the existence of god by looking at things within nature and realizing that everything has a purpose, for example there are species of bird that’s life solely depends on the fruit from a single species of tree, yet the tree depends on the bird so that it can spread its seed and continue the survival of that tree. Qua reality is when you look at the world around you and you are able to see the...
Words: 1926 - Pages: 8
...Title 1: Is there good evidence for or against the existence of God? Throughout the ages, the topic of religion has always been discussed and argued over. Some people will always argue that God does exist, whilst others will argue that he doesn’t. Firstly I would like to start my argument with the famous 13th century philosopher, Thomas Aquinas. Aquinas’ argument is known as the cosmological argument. This is the idea of: the unmoved mover, the uncaused causer and idea of contingency, these three arguments are all a posteriori (based on the evidence in the universe around us). The unmoved mover is the concept that, in theory (is logically acceptable even for an atheist), that nothing can be in motion without something first putting it into motion. This argument is very similar to Aristotle’s, which is the idea that everything that changes shape, temperature or simply into something else must be changed by something. Aquinas argued that one thing leading to another infinitely, must be wrong. Something must have been there to cause the first movement. This is why Aquinas rejects the idea of infinite regress, as he believes, that something must have set the whole chain of reactions off, for example something has to push the first domino for the chain reaction to start, and this being for Christians is the unmoved mover or in other terms God. However, many atheists reject this theory as they believe that the idea of infinite regress is very plausible. For example Aquinas...
Words: 1571 - Pages: 7
