...WHAT SIGNS OF MOD CULTURE ILLUSTRATE A DOMINANCE OF MASCULINE AND EUROPEAN INFLUENCE SEEN THROUGH THE CREATIVE MEDIUMS OF PHOTOGRAPHY, MUSIC AND FASHION? Danny Lowe A Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the degree BA (Hons) Fashion Photography London College of Fashion University of the Arts London Date: 15th April 2012 i Declaration I, Danny Lowe, certify that this is an original piece of work. I have acknowledged all sources and citation. No section of this literature review has been plagiarised. Signed: ….......................................................................................................................... ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract List of Illustrations Introduction Methodology Literature Review Chapter 1: Chapter 2: Chapter 3: Historical and Cultural Contexts – Defining the 'Mod' and Youth Cultures in Post WWII Britain Americanisation – Music, Motives and Movement The Signs of Style iv v vi ix xi xi xvii xxi xxii xxiv xxvi xxviii xxix xxxii Interpretative Analysis Photography: Music: Fashion Conclusion Bibliography Appendix iii Abstract The purpose of this research study is to identify the signs of masculinity and European influence that dominated aspects of 'Modernist', or Mod, culture and lifestyle. The Mod is a British subculture which developed in the 1960's. The first stage of this study involves introducing the subcultural theories attributed to the Mod...
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...This devastating experience drove Miyake to pursue a career in fashion and dedicate his life to “things that can be created, not destroyed, and that bring beauty and joy” (Miyake, 2009). I believe Miyake’s creative vision and fashion designs represent three principles of Japanese culture that best demonstrate the legacy of the country. This essay examines these three notions— the concept of “mottainai,” the importance of innovation, and a desire to embrace and understand other world cultures—and explains why I am convinced Miyake’s fashion collection would be the most accurate reflection of Japan’s cultural legacy in a time capsule containing all the world’s heritage. “Mottainai” is not just a word, but also a way of life in Japan. A simple English translation is “waste not, want not,” but even this does not truly convey its meaning. In the past, Japanese people handled their clothing with the greatest care, stitching their threadbare garments to repair them rather than simply throwing them away. Even now, the Japanese are mindful of “mottainai” for clothing, as it is common to use old towels as dust cloths, and unneeded garments as wrapping paper for gifts. Miyake’s first fashion collection, which debuted in New York in 1971 and Paris in 1973, was entitled A Piece of Cloth. All the dresses in this collection were made from square pieces of cloth and sewn by hand in order to convey “mottainai” to the rest of the fashion world. In addition to demonstrating the concept of “mottainai...
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...3.The rise of digital media has democratized fashion journalism, shifting traditional power relationships and producing different kinds of representation Discuss and critically evaluate this statement with reference to the fashion media. INTRODUCTION The digital revolution, including the mechanical, electronic and digital technology, took off in the 1980s. This revolution brought tremendous changes due to the computing and communication technologies. Analogous to the agricultural revolution and the industrial revolution, the digital revolution marked the beginning of the information age. The idea is that the current age will be characterized by the ability of the individuals to transfer information freely, and to have instant access to knowledge that previously would have been difficult or impossible to find. The main component of this revolution is the mass production of computers and mobile phones. As a matter of facts, the number of Internet users in 1990, being 2.8 million, increased by approximately 75.000% in the next eleven years, reaching 2.095 billion users in 2011. The positive aspect of this revolution is that it enhanced society’s growth and development at an impressive rate. The economic impact of the digital revolution has been enormous.Without the World Wide Web (WWW), globalization and outsourcing would not be at the level it is today. Other positive aspects are the interconnectivity, the ease of communication and the exposure to information. These aspects...
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...bs_bs_banner International Journal of Consumer Studies ISSN 1470-6423 Beyond the fad: a critical review of consumer fashion involvement ijcs_1041 84..104 Iman Naderi Department of Marketing and Logistics, College of Business, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA Keywords Consumer involvement, content analysis, fashion, literature review. Correspondence Iman Naderi, Department of Marketing and Logistics, College of Business, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle 311396, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, USA. E-mail: iman.naderi@unt.edu doi: 10.1111/j.1470-6431.2011.01041.x Abstract Fashion involvement has been regarded as an important research topic in consumer research. Despite the importance of this topic, no attempt has been made in the past to review, assess and consolidate extant research on fashion involvement. This study presents a comprehensive and critical review and analysis of the recent studies on involvement in the context of fashion clothing to indicate the current state and identify possible gaps. A content analysis of the current peer-reviewed journal articles published on this research topic reveals a paucity of research on a number of antecedents and consequences of involvement. Further, the findings show that the research method is biased towards the survey method as opposed to experimentation. In this paper, the results of the content analysis outlining methodologies, sample characteristics, variables and major findings are provided and...
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...Ellinor Torsein Abstract Title: “Branding by doing” – a study in refraining from traditional marketing Bachelor thesis in Marketing, 15 ECTS, School of Business, Economics and Law, University of Gothenburg Michael Arvidsson & Robin Agné Ellinor Torsein Acne Studios, brands, “Branding by doing”, communication channels, fashion industry, non-traditional marketing communications, The Swedish fashion wonder, traditional marketing communications, word-of-mouth marketing To determine required conditions to adopt “Branding by doing” as a marketing approach in the Swedish fashion industry. Question 1: What conditions are required of a company to refrain from traditional marketing communications? Question 2: How is “Branding by doing” applied in practice? Question 3: For what reasons do companies refrain from traditional marketing communications? Methodology: This thesis has a hermeneutical approach. A qualitative research method is used and empirical results are based on a case study. Theories of brand management and word-of-mouth marketing. The primary data is collected from interviews with Suhrab Lachin, Credit & HR Manager at Acne Studios and Daniel Björk, fashion journalist and author. There are four main conditions required in order to apply “Branding by doing”; product focus and uniqueness, an elaborate corporate culture, a strong customer relationship, consequence and clearness in actions. The product becomes the main communication channel of the brand. Course: Authors:...
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...What Happens During the Trial Events in a trial usually happen in a particular order, though the order may be changed by the judge. The usual order of events is set out below. Step 1: Selection of the Jury. Step 2: Opening Statements. The lawyers for each side will discuss their views of the case that you are to hear and will also present a general picture of what they intend to prove about the case. What the lawyers say in their opening statements is not evidence and, therefore, does not help prove their cases. Step 3: Presentation of Evidence. All parties are entitled to present evidence. The testimony of witnesses who testify at trial is evidence. Evidence may also take the form of physical exhibits, such as a gun or a photograph. On occasion, the written testimony of people not able to attend the trial may also be evidence in the cases you will hear. Many things you will see and hear during the trial are not evidence. For example, what the lawyers say in their opening and closing statements is not evidence. Physical exhibits offered by the lawyers, but not admitted by the judge, are also to be disregarded, as is testimony that the judge orders stricken off the record. Many times during the trial the lawyers may make OBJECTIONS to evidence presented by the other side or to questions asked by the other lawyer. Lawyers are allowed to object to these things when they consider them improper under the laws of evidence. It is up to the judge to decide...
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...explosion of the media is the greatest revolution in fashion. Fashion is an indicator of class status, and monopolized by the aristocracy. A lower status group sought to acquire status by adopting the standards of the higher status. Media can be considered as a first medium to disseminate the fashion in public. In this assignment, we will study about the role of the modern media in shaping current fashion. The various elements of media involved in spreading of fashion information in the audience. What a person chose to carry reflects his personality or interest. A person’s choice more or less gets influenced by trend. Fashion is a popular style or practice, especially in clothing, footwear, accessories, home decoration etc. History: Fashion has been in the society since the human started with the clothes themselves. Back in the late 16th century and the early 17th century fashion denoted to the class. In ancient times Fashion Plates were engraved and colored with watercolors. In 1880 color printing and a method for making multi colors prints become stylish. In the same period of time magazines were published that played an important role in popularity of news about fashion. With the development of half tone printing process, which enables photographs to be printed on the same page as text without affecting the image clarity, fashion photograph has generated the most widely recognizable and enduring imagery of the time. Fashion television emerged in 1970 and 1980 when cable and...
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...The Importance of Benchmarking in Improving Operational Performance Benchmarking is a key tool used in all sectors in the industrial world. It is an accepted standard to which actual performance is compared, evaluated and, if needed, improved. In the current economy there is an increase in competition therefore companies have to always be ahead of their competition by having a high standard of quality maintained, the companies need to be constantly updated with the newest technology, and at the same time have lesser costs than their competition. “Benchmarking helps to improve the company and helps the company with innovate. It is the process of identifying, understanding, and adapting outstanding practices from organizations anywhere in the world to help an organization improve its performance. It is an activity that looks outward to find best practice and high performance and then measures actual business operations against those goals” (Kumar et al., 2006). This definition is the most evolved definition of benchmarking; benchmarking went through four stages of evolution. It is heavily used in the retail industry to help improve the quality of a retail business, which then leads to higher profits. There are three points that need to be covered to have a successful level of benchmarking: the business must focus around its customers and employees and have continuous improvements; the business has to be flexible to change and has to be able to share and accept all ideas...
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...Color has an immediate and long lasting impact on viewers as it plays a crucial role in the world of fashion to help recognize one’s personality. In addition to this, a colorful world is a world of meaning because people have always used color as symbols of one’s image, identity and personality; making the color of one’s clothing become the first aspect to be glanced upon by people in the first meeting. Intrigued by this fact along with the role color plays in the world of women’s fashion in addition to noticing women wearing red often than any other color during important personal or public occasions; the aim of this dissertation is to examine the color of clothing worn by women in different occasions in order to explore whether colors with specific reference to red really play an important role in women’s fashion along with to address the question of whether women dress up in red as they perceive red to be a symbol of sexual attraction for men or it is a mere coincidence to see women dress often in red. Starting with an overview with theories related to color psychology and male gaze, the earlier conducted experiments on the color red and women and a self- conducted survey will be analyzed to see if the elements of the theories are in fact evident in the color chosen by women. Colors which both support and go against the theories will be further analyzed before this dissertation lead to its final overall conclusion. LITERATURE REVIEW This literature review will...
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...outbursts of energy, or solicit themselves to risky health behaviors that could result in unintended consequences. Cognitive - Intellectual different cognitive development rates some moving towards formal operational thinking facing situations that require advancement of cognition wide range of intellectual interests; few need sustaining Prefer active learning and interaction to passive learning and seclusion curious about world and self, not with academic subjects respond positively to opportunities to connect learning to real world develop understanding of current abilities Kids in this stage are exploring their own minds, which are all growing at different rates. Some kids are still only thinking about problems in a concrete fashion. A larger majority of kids are able to think about problems in a formal way, trying to connect the questions being answered to their real life. Research have shown this may be particularly valuable to low-income students to become more engaged with their school environment. Moral Start to think about the greater good instead of how each situation benefits them Starting to see shades of grey instead of only seeing black and white Starting to show compassion for those who are suffering value participatory democracy quick to see flaws in others, but slow to acknowledge own flaws Rely on trusted adults for advice...
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...Introduction of marketing environment 2 1.2 Macroenvironment-----PESTLE analysis of ZARA 2 1.3 Microenvironment analysis of ZARA 4 1.4 Poter’s three generic strategies on ZARA 4 1.5 SWOT analysis of ZARA 5 2 The importance of market research,marketing mix and service innovation for Zara 6 2.1 The importance of market research for ZARA 6 2.2 The importance of Marketing mix for ZARA 9 2.3 The importance of ZARA’S Service innovation 11 3 Marketing techniques for manager-decision 12 3.1 Segmentation ,targeting & positioning 12 3.2Marketing objectives and goals 14 3.3Marketing strategies and programmes 15 4 Conclusion and suggestions 17 References: 19 appendix…………………………...…………………..20 The market analysis of ZARA Introduction As one fashion brand of the Inditex Group, ZARA were founded in Spain in 1975, by Amancio Ortega and Rosalía Mera. When its first store provide low-priced lookalike products of popular, higher-end clothing fashions, after then turn out to be a success, and Ortega began opening more across Europe. During the 1980s, the company started to change the design, manufacturing, and distribution process to cut lead times and respond to the latest trends in a faster way, that is so-called "instant fashions". The company based its improvements on the usage of IT system and using groups of designers rather than...
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...Regarded Children’s Fashion. It has long been said that clothing present people’s lifestyles or class levels, but is it still true today ?If so, how do the styles of clothing convey change over the years? “Clothing disguises much of the poverty in the United States, and this may explain, in part, it is middle class image.”(Rothenberg, #186) The connection between fashion and social class is not only focused on adults but is also a big issue for kids. The issue with today’s children’s fashion affects their thinking of values, branding and social class. For children, the meaning of branding might be just one word, “cool”. How do children (from age 5-14) determine and chose their style of clothing? Is it from material, price or their parents? Their parents judge their appearance by using evaluative criteria; it may affect children’s clothing when they have enough income or knowledge to shop. Most of the time, people believe clothing makes or shows the class status because people like to discuss others’ styles and put them in the different catalog of class level. “With marketing of mass marketing of designer clothing and with shifts in the nation’s economy jobs from blue-collar to white-collar and pink-collar in the service sector, it is becoming creasing difficultly to distinguish class differences based on appearance.” (Ewen and Ewen, 1982)The basic principle of fashion is that high status individuals set fashion. Any assessments of clothing and fashion should include all...
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...ideas Arbitrary- based only on social convention Articulation-the extent to which a speaker pronounces words clearly Assonance- the recurrence of a similar vowel sound in neighboring words Asyndeton- the omission of conjunctions for dramatic effects Clichés- phrases that were novel at one time but have lost their effect because of overuse Concrete language- language referring to specific people, objects, or actions in the physical world Connotative meaning- the mental and emotional association of a word for an individual Deception- the intentional transmission of information for the purpose of creating false beliefs Denotative meaning-a words literal meaning, the way a word is defined in the dictionary Dialects- distinctive ways of speaking associated with particular regions or social groups Disclaimers- statements that express a speaker’s uncertainty Euphemism-a vague, mild expression that substitutes for one that is blunter or harsher Figures of speech- expressions in which words are used in a non-literal fashion Fillers- words or sounds that serve no purpose expect to fill...
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...Identify the following components for a lesson you might want to teach: (1) intended grade level for instruction; (2) subject area; and (3) learning objective(s). (These components will be included in the essay in B.) Teaching a lesson in a 12th grade Social Sciences class about the meaning and importance of the rights guaranteed under the bill of Rights. This is in line with the History-Social Science Content Standards of California Public Schools objective 12.2.1 “Discuss the meaning and importance of each of the rights guaranteed under the Bill of Rights and how each is secured (e.g., freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, petition, privacy.) [ (California Dept of Education, 2000) ]” The first resource I am using is a hand out from the Southern Poverty Law Center website Tolerence.org that will be used as a pre and post lesson assessment tool. This simple hand out asks only two questions which students will have to provide a short written answer for. This first is “What rights are protected under the First Amendment? The second is “What would be a violation of someone’s First Amendment Rights?” While these may seem to be simple questions, there will likely be a drastic difference in response from the pre-assessment to the post assessment, which is the main reason I selected this resource. As a pre-assessment, it will allow the teacher to understand the base of knowledge the students already have about the First Amendment, and as a post-assessment, the teacher...
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...Pillsbury flour and Safal vegetables), morning and evening tea and coffee (Tetley, Nescafe or Bru), going out in a car (Hyundai Santro, Honda Accord or Mercedes Benz). Talking on the cell phone (Motorola, Nokia, Siemens or Samsung), watching television in the evening (LG, Sony or Philips) or listening to music (Philips or Apple) etc. But how often do we think of what all a company does to put a positive imprint (fight for a shelf space) in the mind of the customer. Today nearly all the companies are focusing more and more on building strong brands. The concept of brand equity and its management has come to the fore like never before. More and more companies are refocusing on select strong brands. This project is thus a timely stuffy of the importance of brands, what it takes to build them, what benefits do they give to different...
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