...PDHPE Assessment Task 2 Health Report Question 1. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders experience many health inequities compared to non-Indigenous Australians, these include: • Lower life expectancy: Indigenous Australians have lower life expectancy than non-Indigenous Australians. For example: Indigenous boys born between 2010 and 2012 can expect to live to 69.1 years and Indigenous girls to 73.7 years compared with 79.7 for non-Indigenous boys and 83.1 for non-Indigenous girls. • Higher hospitalisations: Indigenous Australians have higher hospitalisation rates compared to non-Indigenous Australians due to their poorer health status. For example: Indigenous Australians were hospitalised for potentially preventable conditions nearly 4 times as often as non-Indigenous Australians between July 2010 and June 2012. • More likely to smoke: Indigenous Australians are more likely to take part in health risk behaviors such as smoking, which contributes to poorer health status. For example: Two out of 5 Indigenous Australians aged 15 and over (41%) were current daily smokers in 2012–13, which, after adjusting for age, was more than twice the rate of smoking among non-Indigenous Australians in 2011–12. • Lower rates of physical activity: Physical inactivity rates are significantly higher in the Indigenous population than in the non-Indigenous population. For...
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...INTRODUCTION It is obvious that we are faced with an aging population. Within three decades individuals aged 65 years or older are expected to make up 23% of the Australian population (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2013). This is a stable increase from 13% in 2007, emphasising Australia as an aging country (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2013). This is evident not only within the demographic regions of metropolitan and rural cities and towns of Australia but also among other countries in the world. It is with this discrepancy that presents such a large challenge within the population and from a health perspective. This essay will explore the social, cultural and psychological health related issues linked with growth in the aging population and will focus on the baby boomer generation and the co-morbidities that are notably prevalent in the elderly. This essay will also consider the future role of the nurse and how their profession will be impacted in response to these trends. WHY DO WE FACE AN AGING CRISIS? As fertility rates decline and longevity increases we are coming to face a shift in population distribution with a greater proportion of older adults (Anderson and Hussey, 2013). It is important to note that this increase is due particularly to the Baby Boomer generation growing older and associated aging co-morbidities on the rise. The Baby Boomer generation consists of those born from the years 1945-1964 (Berman et al., 2012). As this generation grows older the world...
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...Social Justice Issue- Poverty Poverty can be defined as the state of a person when their basic needs such as food, clothing and shelter are neglected (World Health Organisation, 2015). The social justice issue of poverty is often associated with other countries, but many do not realise that poverty is a concerning issue in Australia as well (World Health Organisation, 2015). Australia is often called the 'lucky country' as it is a safe, peaceful and fair place to live- however this not always the case. There is approximately 2.5 million Australians living below the national poverty line and as a result their basic needs are failing to be fulfilled (ACOSS, 2014). A recent media article published in the Sydney Morning Herald by Judith Ireland,...
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...for the second time. In Libby’s journey throughout her treatment she discovers many physical, social, psychological and spiritual issues which affect her overall well-being. This paper will discuss how important it is for nurses to give the best treatment possible; during, between and after therapy. It will also discuss the risks of developing this cancer and how important it is to find the condition early to promote a healthier recovery (Australian Government, 2012). Reducing Risks All women want to know what they can do to lower their risk of breast cancer. Some factors which contribute to breast cancer are your age, being a woman and your genetics. These factors cannot be changed but many other factors can, such as maintaining a healthy weight, not smoking, eating nutritious food and limiting alcohol consumption. By making healthier lifestyle choices the risk of breast cancer is decreased (National Breast Cancer Centre, 2006). In Australia, breast cancer is the most common cancer; one in nine women will be diagnosed with breast cancer by the age of 85. Just being a woman is the biggest risk factor for developing breast cancer. There are approximately 13,000 women diagnosed with breast cancer each year in Australia, and men may also develop breast cancer but it is extremely rare (Cancer Council Australia, 2007). Age is another important factor, the risk of being diagnosed with breast cancer increases as you get older. In two out of three breast cancers found, the...
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...Cultural Awareness Assignment: Part 1 Part A Cost of Living Living in Australia, students have many choices to choose from when it comes to their accommodations. With each choice the price varies: * Hostels and Guesthouses - $80 to $135 per week * Shared Rental - $70 to $250 per week * On campus - $80 to $250 per week * Homestay - $110 to $270 per week * Rental - $100 to $400 per week * Boarding schools - $10,000 to $20,000 a year There are many other living expenses that should be considered when living abroad such as food costs, transportation, etc. Based on each individual the amounts may differ. Here are the approximate prices: * Groceries and eating out - $80 to $200 per week * Gas, electricity - $60 to $100 per week * Phone and Internet - $20 to $50 per week * Public transport - $10 to $50 per week * Car (after purchase) - $150 to $250 per week * Entertainment - $50 to $100 per week As the Department of Immigration and Citizenship demands you to receive a student visa in order to study in Australia, for one individual it costs about $18,610 Australian dollars. Communication Generally you should stand about an arm’s-length away when speaking to someone face to face but the distance will likely be less when standing side by side. Eye contact is generally considered important when expressing sincerity, although Aboriginal Australians are less comfortable making...
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...Tuesday, 12 August 2014 STRUCTUAL ! A lot of health services are not as accessible and user-friendly for Indigenous people as they are for non-Indigenous people, adding to higher levels of disadvantage. Sometimes this is because more Indigenous people than non-Indigenous live in remote locations and not all health services are offered outside of cities. Sometimes health services are not culturally appropriate (do not consider Indigenous culture and the specific needs of Indigenous people). Also, some Indigenous people may not be able to use some services because they are too expensive. (Slide show) Social and emotional wellbeing is a term used to talk about a person’s overall social, emotional, psychological (mental), spiritual, and cultural wellbeing. Factors that are important to social and emotional wellbeing include a person’s. (refer to slide show) Social and emotional wellbeing is often confused with mental health, but it is much broader: social and emotional wellbeing is concerned with the overall wellbeing of the person. On the other hand, mental health describes how a person thinks and feels, and how they cope with and take part in everyday life. It is often seen, incorrectly, as simply the absence of a mental illness. (Slide show) Important determinants of Indigenous health inequality in Australia include the lack of equal access to primary health care and the lower standard of health infrastructure in Indigenous communities (healthy housing, food, sanitation etc) compared...
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...Cultural Awareness Assignment: Part 1 Part A Cost of Living Living in Australia, students have many choices to choose from when it comes to their accommodations. With each choice the price varies: * Hostels and Guesthouses - $80 to $135 per week * Shared Rental - $70 to $250 per week * On campus - $80 to $250 per week * Homestay - $110 to $270 per week * Rental - $100 to $400 per week * Boarding schools - $10,000 to $20,000 a year There are many other living expenses that should be considered when living abroad such as food costs, transportation, etc. Based on each individual the amounts may differ. Here are the approximate prices: * Groceries and eating out - $80 to $200 per week * Gas, electricity - $60 to $100 per week * Phone and Internet - $20 to $50 per week * Public transport - $10 to $50 per week * Car (after purchase) - $150 to $250 per week * Entertainment - $50 to $100 per week As the Department of Immigration and Citizenship demands you to receive a student visa in order to study in Australia, for one individual it costs about $18,610 Australian dollars. Communication Generally you should stand about an arm’s-length away when speaking to someone face to face but the distance will likely be less when standing side by side. Eye contact is generally considered important when expressing sincerity, although Aboriginal Australians are less comfortable making...
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...The process of Reconciliation formally began as a result of the Report of the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody in 1991. The issue of Reconciliation is of great importance to common good because it helps avoid feelings of revenge, anger and hatred and a commitment to social justice as well as a way to ensure lasting peace and stability and to improve the relationship for the common good. Reconciliation aims to address the inequity between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians that was introduced with the colonisation of Australia in 1788. Some relevant points around Reconciliation for the Common Good are, the referendum laws for Aboriginal people on May 27 1967, the report of the Royal commission into Aboriginal deaths in custody in 1991, as well as the Formal apology for the members of the stolen generations in 2008. Reconciliation for the common good was the referendum laws for Aboriginal people on May 27, 1967. It enabled Indigenous people to be included in the census, and it enabled federal parliament the power to make laws in relation to Indigenous people. This meant that Indigenous people and non-Indigenous people were all required to follow the same laws set out by the government, and that Indigenous people would be recognised and counted (in elections and the census) in all states and territories of Australia. The decision of the Australian population was a milestone for Indigenous people as they were finally being recognised as part of the population...
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...A helpful book for IELTS Compiled by bavy&adrian October 2004 Contents Introduction - please read Debatable and non-debatable statements Providing support for debatable statements (or premises) Using connectives and paragraphs in a larger argumentative text The main thesis, supporting arguments and conclusion. Adding information to relevant arguments Connectives for listing arguments. Concluding connectives In fact / Indeed More practice on using In fact and Indeed Paragraphs Showing you are aware of both sides of the issue - a model Showing you are aware of both sides of the issue - examining the model The main premise Paragraph topics Opposing arguments and supporting arguments Problematising the opposing arguments Shifting from opposing arguments to supporting arguments. More work on showing you are aware of both sides of the issue Language Summary: ways of showing that you are aware of the opposing opinion Working out the main premise from a paragraph Using connectives and problematising phrases in a paragraph Putting together a paragraph for an argumentative text Choosing your own premise and writing a paragraph Converting an informal text into a formal text Sorting arguments into topics and paragraphs A longer model argumentative essay Getting an overview of the model essay Identifying the main premise, paragraph structure and paragraph topics The internal organisation of the paragraphs - revision Including a paragraph that only presents supporting arguments Writing introductions...
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...Introduction Obesity in children is a major health issue affecting the Australian population with approximately 1 in 4 children being overweight or obese (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2013). It represents a major health and economic burden costing Australia around $58 billion in 2008 (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2010). When assessing this issue from a public health perceptive, it is important to consider how obesity can affect the children in our society and the health complications obesity can lead to. The aim of this essay is to discuss the impact of obesity in children aged 6-17, in regards to its rising prevalence patterns, health risk behaviours and social determines. Health promotion and educational campaigns along...
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...makes a good health care system? A health care system is an organization consisting of individuals and associations delivering health requirements and services towards the society. These health care systems differ in a large variety around the world as certain nation meets a different necessity. In a good health care system, factors such as financial, technological and policies are important and greatly affect the structure of the system. An important role of financial in the health care system is the funds provided by authorities. Funds supported by the government for public hospitals benefits the system where patients are provided with sufficient sickbeds, nurses, emergency wards, ambulance vehicles and food. These subsidies allow hospitals to prevent over flowing of patients left unattended during emergency and casual consultation times. In most general hospitals, subsidised funds allow hospital authorities to hire more nurses which increase the efficiency of patients being tended and decrease the workload on the doctors (Palmer and Short, 2010). Furthermore, the funds are greatly beneficial towards the practices of specialised doctors in certain types of patients such as cancer and other complicated diseases. In a health care system, technological factors are required to improve the quality of resources provided to patients and assist greatly in medical research departments. In most countries, health practitioners increased the adoption of Health Information Technology...
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...Picture 9: Mental Health Mental health has been described as the most pressing public health issue of our time with the mental health of youths becoming an increasingly important issue to address (Abraham, n.d.). A 2013-14 national survey conducted on the mental health and wellbeing of Australian children and adolescents showed that one in seven young Australians aged 4-17 were assessed as having a mental disorder in the past 12 months. Children under 17 are more likely to suffer from ADHD and anxiety disorders (7.4% and 6.9% being affected respectively) and the most debilitating disorder for this age group was found to be major depressive disorder, affecting 2.8%. Schools play a major role in providing education and support regarding mental...
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...The Impact of Occupational Health and Safety Issues on Human Resource Management in Contemporary Organizations 1.0 Introduction With the development and globalization of world economy, the competition between organizations is becoming fiercer and more and more industrial pollution and production hazards are constantly threatening the health and safety of organization and its employees. Therefore, it is very important to fully recognize occupational health and safety management for organization increasing its productivity and enhancing its competitiveness. The essence of organization’s competition is the competition of "talent" and human is the core and most important one in various production factors. Retaining "talent" is the most key question in Human resource management, which is responsible for the balance of goals and needs between organizations and employees and take charge of nearly all decisions that are related to people. In this essay it will be detailed the discussion on the impact of some current occupational health and safety issues, such as job stress, on human resource management. 2. The functions and goal of Human Resource Management Human resources management refers to a series of human resources policies and relevant management activities implemented in the guidance of economics and human-centered thought to meet with organization’s needs for current and future development and ensure the achievement of organization’s goals and the maximization...
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...describe the role of Carers in Australia. Carer is a friend, neighbour, relative who will look after other person (someone who has disability, frail and aged care people). Mother is a carer for her children, children are carers for their parents, support worker is a carer for someone with disability etc. Carer is also a qualified paid worker with an expertise in health care needs of people with illness, disability and frail aged (the correct name for these people is support worker and they are employed by organisations that provides services). People become carers for different reasons. No two caring situations are the same. Carers are from diversity and circumstances. There is no rules about who can become a carer nor about what a carer is expected to do. There is no rule for an appropriate age of the carer. Carers don't chose to become carers it just happens and they have to get on with it. The role of carer range from helping with domestic duties, shopping assistance, paying bills at Australia Post to more complex duties such as helping with personal care for client who is hoisted or assisting client with daily bowel care program. The variety of the job and associated responsibilities are wide, everyday is different. In summary, carers play a vital role in our community, and we- people should get to know more about them as well as show appreciation if possible as they really deserve it. 2. Identify available resources for Carers in Australia – Include a copy of the resource...
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...main advantages of classification such as most appropriate treatment and community education Definition of the Classification system used to Diagnosis Mental illness. As Social workers it important to try and grasp the concepts of how classification of mental illness is arrived at and to have a basic knowledge of the types of mental disorders people can be classified as having so we can understand the basis of a diagnosis. According Mendelson (2001) “Classification refers to ordering of objects into groups on the basis of their relationship. The result is a classificatory system. Nomenclature related to agreed names that have been assigned to disease or syndromes. Taxonomy covers principles and methods underlying the practice of classification. Finally, nosology denotes the conceptual system that supports the strategy of classifying.” ( Mendelson 2001 p. 63) Golightley (2004) text states that classification is an important step towards the diagnosis of a mental disorder. Mental disorder is broken down into various classifications that represent groups or syndromes of symptoms. Thus if a series of symptoms fits into a recognised pattern of behaviour they can be classified as for example, schizophrenia and a diagnosis made. A diagnosis is a short- hand version of what a psychiatrist believes to be wrong with a client. (Gollightley 2004 P 25) According to both Mendelson (2001) and Golightley (2004) classification is important because it provides a common language, provides...
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