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The Movement

In: Historical Events

Submitted By Gulova
Words 687
Pages 3
Антинуклеарни движења
Светот по Втората светска војна бил опфатен со бројни антивоени и антинуклеарни движења. Имало премногу антинуклеарни протести во САД преку кои општеството го забележало проблемот во периодот од 1970-1980 година. Еден од попознатите протести бил протестот на 6 Мај 1979 год, во Вашингтон, кога меѓу 125,000 протестанти марширал и претседателот на Калифорнија. Со помош на ваквите протести биле затворени стотици нуклеарни фабрики. Освен со протести, вниманието за проблемот било привлечено преку книгата „Тивка пролет“ напишана од Рејчел Карсон. Таа имала големо влијание врз јавното мислење во САД и покренала процес на менуање на политиката и отстранување на употребата на пестициди.
Со оваа книга започнало будењето на еколошката свест, односно во неа ја истражувала темата на еколошката меѓуповрзаност, при што дошла до заклучок дека еден пестицид не може да наштети на еден конкретен организам, туку на повеќе животни или луѓе. „Тивка пролет“ е резултат на незаинтересираноста на издавачите на поголемите магазини од кои таа побарала помош откако добила писмо од работник. Карсон на работникот, кој всушност без негово знаење користел пестициди, му одговорила после 4 години со оваа книга. По нејзината смрт и бил доделен Претседателски медал на слободата, кој е највисоко признание во САД.
Еколошко движење
Екологијата станала популарна и привлекла интерес кај научниците во текот на еколошкото движење во периодот од 1960 и 1970 година. Значајни еколози кои работеле во полето на зачувување и заштита, како Алдо Леополд и Артур Тансли, акцентот на историските и поетските дела за заштита на природата го поставиле на дивите места, далеку од урбаните центри каде што е зголемена концентрацијата на загадувањето и деградацијата на животната средина. Паламар забележал дека жените пионерки кои во раните 1900-ти години, се бореле за урбана здравствена екологија го засениле постоечкиот правец и вовеле промени во законодавството за животната средина. Овие жени биле претходници на попопуларизираните еколошки движења по 1950 година. Во 1962 година, книгата „Тивка пролет” помогнала да се мобилизира еколошкото движење преку тоа што ја известила јавноста за биоакумулација на токсичните пестициди, како ДДТ, во животната средина. Карсон ја искористила еколошката наука за да го поврзе ослободувањето на токсините во животната средина со човековото здравје и здравјето на екосистемите.
Битни датуми како резултат на еколошките движења се: Денот на Земјата на 22 април 1970 год.- кој бил одбележан со демонстрации против опасното нарушување на квалитетот на животната средина, Годината 1987- како Европска година за заштита на животната средина. Значајна улога во еколошката заштита имале еколошките партии и организации, како што била Гринпис организацијата. Таа била меѓународна организација на еколошки активисти која била основана во Ванкувер, Канада, во 1981 год. Нејзина цел била да ја спречи САД да ги испроба нуклеарните уреди на Аљаска. Подоцна целите се насочиле кон заштита на животната средина и станала позната по проектот против ловење китови, специјални видови риби, глобално затоплување, уништување шуми и нуклеарна енергија.
Хипи движење
Хипи движењето првично било младинско движење кое започнало во Соединетите Американски Држави во средината на шеесетите години и брзо се проширила во другите делови на светот. Се бори против американското потрошувачко општество, со цел да создаде ново општество засновано на мир и љубов. Поттекнува од Сан Франциско, Калифорнија од каде што и потекнува самото име на хипи движењето. Односно, хипи поттекнува од англискиот термин hipster, што значи панталони на колк при што биле опишани луѓето кои дошле во областа Хеит Ешбери во Сан Франциско. Тука тие, во шеесетите години, почнале да се собираат, правејќи го градот лулка на новото движење. На нивните дружби се собирале студенти, како и љубопитни луѓе и противници на наметнатиот општествен живот. Хипиците се застапници на хедонистичкиот начин на живеење. Обичните луѓе ги нарекувале чудаци, ги сметале за ненормални, мрзеливи и валкани, но ги имало и оние кои во сето тоа гледале романтично враќање во детството и бегање од цивилизацијата. Себе се нарекувале генерација на љубовта, за да се нагласи дека се настрана од светот полн со насилство и војни. Како нивен симбол го земале цвеќето, сметајќи дека тоа не е нивен непријател. Често се случувало тие на полициската бруталност да возвраќаат со цвеќиња. Моќта на цвеќето е слоган кој означувал пасивен отпор и ненасилство и станал вкоренет во движењето против војната.

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