...The phrase ‘The Mozart Effect’, aptly named after Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, describes a phenomenon where children, under the age of three, listened to Mozart’s music and have improved brain function. According to Claudia Hammond, this phenomenon originated in 1991 when a study at the University of California Irvine showed that students who listened to Mozart and then attempted spatial puzzles completed those puzzles more successfully than students who did not listen to Mozart. A farmer in Italy claimed that when his “buffalos were played Mozart three times a day, they produced better milk” (Hammond) and some studies have found that simply listening to as well as practicing music “can increase IQ by as much as three points” (Hammond). Even...
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...Field Research – Baby Einstein and Mozart Effect Week Two Assignment PSYCH/600 – Developmental Psychology December 1, 2014 Introduction Learning through the use of music has been a crucial part of development in every society as far back as the Stone Age. Music, in all its forms, has been a staple in every culture, bringing communities together and connecting generation to generation. According to McBride, “The oral tradition of simple children's songs, folk songs, and lullabies is quickly being lost, replaced by commercially produced popular and rock music as more and more people rely on recorded music rather than singing or playing music for themselves and others” (2002). Baby Einstein videos claim to enhance infant’s knowledge, making them smarter, happier babies. This paper will delve into Baby Einstein’s claims, research rebuttals, and ethical impact as laid out by the American Psychological Association. Area of Development Baby Einstein videos are marketed by Disney Corporation with the slogan “Great minds start little” (babyeinstein.com, 2014). Marketing makes claims that Baby Einstein videos are made to enhance multiple areas such as music, art, language, nature and shapes/numbers. The videos develop the infant’s music skills by enhancing the infant’s rhythm, pitch, and harmony, icon; art through bright, real life picture that have true association. Language is developed through “words, written or spoken, are presented in three languages...
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...CHAPTER III METHODS OF RESEARCH This chapter presents method and techniques to be used in the study, population and sample of the study, the research instruments, gathering of data, and data processing and statistical treatment. Method and Techniques of the Study This study utilizes the experimental method of research to determine the significant effect of classical music in the reading comprehension of first year college students of Sto. Rosario Palay College. The experimental method is the only method that can be used to establish cause-and-effect relationships. In this method, the subjects are split into two groups: experimental and controlled group. The experimental group will read a passage while listening to classical music (Mozart Sonata for two pianos in D-major, K.448). The controlled group will read without the intervention of classical music. Moreover, quantitative and qualitative data were gathered with the use of a survey test and a researcher-made comprehension test. Population and Sample of the Study This study will examine the first year college students from all courses in the College Department of Sto. Rosario Sapang Palay College, a Catholic school in San Jose del Monte City, Bulacan. There were 30 participants and they will be divided into two groups (15 members in each group). The first group will read a selection while listening to classical music and the second group will also read...
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...EFFECTS OF POPULAR MUSIC ON MEMORIZATION TASKS Running Head: Music and memorization Abstract This study investigated the effects that popular music has on memory performance. It was proposed that popular music would adversely affect both studying and memory recall. Forty introductory psychology students participated in the study. Subjects were given a list of fifty words to study in 6 ½ minutes, with music either being present or absent. This was termed the learning stage. In this study, four conditions were tested. In all 4 conditions, subjects were assigned to either a “music” pre-period or a “non-music” pre-period and a “music” post-period or a “non-music” post-period. After they had studied the words, subjects were given another 6 ½ minutes to recall the words either with or without music present. This period was called the recall stage. The researchers hypothesized that music would have a detrimental effect on performance, these expected results were not found. Findings from this study suggested that students who study while listening to popular music performed at the same level as those without music present in either condition. Results indicated that women excelled in recall when the testing condition did not have music present in comparison to men. Effects of popular music on memorization tasks The purpose of this study was to find whether popular music would have a positive or negative effect on memory tasks. There are many different perspectives...
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...Does Playing Mozart to Babies Make Them Smarter? Name: Fiona Ewing Student No.: n8588589 Subject: PYB100 Foundation Psychology Unit Coordinator: Dr Mariann Word Count: 1664 Researchers have claimed that the Mozart effect accomplished everything from temporary increases in IQ to creating the mental mechanism needed for infants to develop reasoning and analytical prowess. However there is little academic research and evidence of the Mozart effect on babies, making it difficult to contribute a link between the theory and intelligence enhancement it has on babies. Many research scientists haven’t been able to replicate the results or the results are temporary and have concluded that there is no evidence of the Mozart effect. Firstly by exploring the initial Mozart experiment conclusions can be draw regarding the Mozart effect and intellectual enhancement on babies. Secondly, through critical evaluation of research articles that were conducted to prove or disprove the theory, conclusions can be drawn regarding the Mozart effect and the degree of intellectual enhancement it has on babies. Thirdly, academic research suggests there is a scientific explanation behind the Mozart effect that provides a deeper understanding of the theory’s claims towards enhancing intelligence. There has been a lot of attention drawn to the first scientific experiment that introduced the Mozart effect. Rauscher, Shaw and Ky (1993) conducted an experiment with thirty-six college students that were...
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...Does Playing Mozart to Babies Make Them Smarter? Name: Fiona Ewing Student No.: n8588589 Subject: PYB100 Foundation Psychology Unit Coordinator: Dr Mariann Word Count: 1664 Researchers have claimed that the Mozart effect accomplished everything from temporary increases in IQ to creating the mental mechanism needed for infants to develop reasoning and analytical prowess. However there is little academic research and evidence of the Mozart effect on babies, making it difficult to contribute a link between the theory and intelligence enhancement it has on babies. Many research scientists haven’t been able to replicate the results or the results are temporary and have concluded that there is no evidence of the Mozart effect. Firstly by exploring the initial Mozart experiment conclusions can be draw regarding the Mozart effect and intellectual enhancement on babies. Secondly, through critical evaluation of research articles that were conducted to prove or disprove the theory, conclusions can be drawn regarding the Mozart effect and the degree of intellectual enhancement it has on babies. Thirdly, academic research suggests there is a scientific explanation behind the Mozart effect that provides a deeper understanding of the theory’s claims towards enhancing intelligence. There has been a lot of attention drawn to the first scientific experiment that introduced the Mozart effect. Rauscher, Shaw and Ky (1993) conducted an experiment with thirty-six college students that were tested...
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...tasks immediately after the music condition. For each listening condition they took the mean standard age score (SAS). The SAS for music was 57.56, the SAS for relaxation was 54.61, and the SAS for silence was 54.00. In order to determine the impact of the scores they translated them into spatial IQ scores of 119,111, and 110. This showed the music condition IQ scores were 8-9 points above the other two conditions scores. A one-factor listening condition repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) performed on SAS revealed that subjects performed better on abstract spatial reasoning tests after listening to Mozart than after listening to either relaxation or nothing. Pulse rates were also taken before and after each listening condition to see if arousal had anything to do with the student’s performance on the spatial reasoning tests. There was no interaction or main effect of the results. (Rauscher, Shaw, and Ky, 1993). The researchers concluded that arousal was not related to the performance level of the spatial reasoning tasks. They...
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...music to alleviate the emotional effects of stress and anxiety when engaged in complex cognitive processing, such as studying for a test, completing homework assignments, or while reading and writing. This practice is so common that it would be beneficial for college students to understand the role that music plays on cognitive performance. Researches demonstrating the effects of music on performance are well documented, but have shown ambiguous evidence on this matter. In studies conducted to learn about the effects of musical distraction on cognitive task performance, the findings have demonstrated the idea of music improving cognitive performance (Cockerton, Moore, & Norman, 1997), but there has also been research contradicting those results, where music was found distracting for participants performing cognitive tasks (Furnham& Bradley, 1997). However, with the plethora of music genres available to music listeners, it is important to understand how different types of music impact performance. Additionally, very few studies address the interaction between the intensity or volume of the music played and its effect on cognitive processing. The present study aims to understand the effect of listening to different genres of music played at different volume levels on cognitive task performance. Many students choose to listen to a preferred genre of music when they study or do their homework without understanding the potential harmful effects of such practice. A study conducted...
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...included studies of subjects who listened to music and subjects that have varying levels of musical training. While some studies found significant results in some areas of cognition, intelligence and memory, they were inconsistent and concluded that further testing was needed. This review examines further the question of causation with music as a variable with a direct effect to a subject’s intellect as addressed by Schellenberg (2011). To understand if there is a direct relationship between music and intellect, further research of a subject’s background and mentality is required. !2 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! MUSIC AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO OVERALL INTELLECT Title of Paper Here Many studies have sought to provide a significant and reliable relationship between music as a factor of a subject’s intelligence or memory retention. The results are often conflicting within each experiment as well as between other similar experiments. Still, the pursuit of significant results relating music as a variable to some level of intelligence continues. Two separate studies of undergraduate subjects in regard to the Mozart effect, concluded that there was no significant improved performance on spacial tasks after listening to music (Thompson, Schellenberg & Husain, 2001; Bridgett &...
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...1 Teenagers’ Reasons for Listening to Music and the Students’ Perception of the Effects of Listening When Completing School Assignments1 Jennifer Adriano Educational Leadership Doctoral Program Thomas DiPaola Educational Leadership Doctoral Program Center for Research and Evaluation The Alan Shawn Feinstein Graduate School Johnson & Wales University 1 Paper presented at the 42nd annual meeting of the New England Educational Research Organization, April, 2010, Portsmouth, NH. 2 Introduction Music is a significant part of our lives. People listen to music on the radio at home and in their car; they watch music videos on television or hand held technology; they buy CDs or download music; and they attend concerts. People also hear music in stores, restaurants, sporting events, and doctors’ offices (Schellenberg, Peretz, & Vieillard, 2008). Music is very important to many adolescents and they spend a considerable amount of their time listening to music. One study with N = 2,465 adolescents ages 13 and 14 found that participants listened to music for an average of 2.45 hours per day (North, Hargreaves, & O’Neill, 2000). Music has become a personal accompaniment in many teenagers’ lives because of the availability and popularity of personal music listening devices. In 2009, Jaffray released the results from the 18th semi-annual survey, “taking stock with teens.” The team of researchers surveyed approximately N = 1,200 students, with an average age of 16.3, in...
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...many other diseases" and he called it "a sovereign remedy against despair and melancholy." What Does Music Therapy Involve? A music therapy session may incorporate a number of different elements, such as making music, writing songs, or passively listening to music. While music therapists often aim to foster the patient's emotional expression, there can be many other different goals in a music therapy session. These goals include relief of stress or anxiety, improvement of mood, and enhancement of quality of life for people dealing with illness. Research shows that patients do not need to have any musical ability to benefit from music therapy. Benefits of Music Therapy Here's a look at some key study findings on the health effects of music therapy: 1) Music Therapy and Depression Music therapy may help some patients fight depression, according to a review published in 2008. Researchers sized up data from five previously published studies, four of which found that participants receiving music therapy were more likely to see a decrease in depression symptoms (compared to those who did not receive music therapy). According to the review's authors, patients appeared to experience the greatest benefits when therapists used theory-based therapeutic techniques, such as painting to music and improvised singing. 2) Music...
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...and classmates for sharing their knowledge about my topic. And the last but not the least to my very loving and patient my Communication Skills instructor Mr. Ariel Y. Leonin who did his best in teaching us. - Author - TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE............................................... i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT....................................... ii I. Introduction....................................... 1 • Advantage and Disadvantage of Music in Learning................................ 1&2 II. Body.............................................. 3 • Role of Music in Learning........................ 3-7 • Effects of Music in Mind and Body................ 8&9 • Which Music is Best for Learning?................ 9 • The Effect of Music on Learning.................. 10 III. Conclusion....................................... 12 Bibliography.......................................... 13 I....
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...that listening to music while you study isn’t good, for many people it’s vital. It’s calms them down, which can lead to productive studying. Music can also help elevate your mood and motivate you to study longer. The real challenge is to select the right music for studying. The wrong type of study music may end up distracting you from your study. So today we are going to offer some tips and ideas on how to pick the best study music for you! 10 Tips: How to Choose Your Music for Studying Tip # 1 Classical music is peaceful and harmonious making it one of the best options to listen to when studying. Tip # 2 It seems that there is evidence that Mozart improves mental performance. They call it the “Mozart Effect.” Tip # 3 Listen to ambient instrumental music. This type of music is more modern than classical and has a similar effect. I always find that movie soundtracks are quite good. Tip # 4 Listen to sounds of nature such as rain, waves, jungles or animals while studying. While this is not exactly music it is relaxing and you will feel like you’re in another world. Tip # 5 You’re studying, not crashing a rave! Listen to your study music at a moderate volume. The lower the better. The louder it is, the more it will distract you. Your main purpose is to study so keep your music in the background. When you’re finished studying then you can crank it up to 11! Tip # 6 Create a playlist with all your favourite songs in advance to...
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...The effects of music on children and young people. 1. The effect of music on IQ Campabello, Nicolette; De Carlo, Mary Jane; O'Neil, Jean; Vacek, Mary Jill Music Enhances Learning. Dissertations/Theses; Tests/Questionnaires. 2002 An action research project implemented musical strategies to affect and enhance student recall and memory. The target population was three suburban elementary schools near a major midwestern city: (1) a kindergarten classroom contained 32-38 students; (2) a second grade classroom contained 23 students and five Individualized Education Program (IEP) students; and (3) a fifth grade classroom. Students exhibited difficulty recalling facts and information in a variety of subject areas evidenced through an inability to gain mastery of grade level skill areas. Research suggests that young students have difficulty understanding concepts and lack the ability and desire to learn. A successful program needs to be developed to teach these concepts. A review of solution strategies suggests that the following musical techniques proved to be helpful for increasing student recall because the songs helped with phonemic training, mnemonics, setting desired skills to familiar tunes, and linking connection to cultural themes. Research has shown that preschool children taught with an early exposure to music through games and songs showed an IQ advantage of 10 to 20 points over those children taught without exposure to the songs. In the same study, students at age...
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...What are you listening to? Have you ever felt like you can not concentrate on something that you are working on and as soon as your favorite band comes on MTV or radio station, everything just flows? Or have you been to a party without music? It is guaranteed that people will hardly interact with each other until some sort of music is turned on. It’s like an invitation for people not to feel awkward anymore. Music is one powerful element that greatly influences people, mindsets and culture. Think about it, music is so important that in sport competitions, players do not step on the stage taking the microphone announcing how proud they are to be representing their country. They could do that, or just simply sing their national anthem in a very passionate way to bring the entire crowd of supporters to tears. That is how powerful music is. An ancient philosopher called Socrates once said, “Let me control the music of a nation, and I care not who makes its laws.” He knew how important music influences culture. He also knew how music can shape and impact others for either to bring about good or bad. For instance, polls done in the United States amongst american teenagers about definition of what the word success is, did not go much further than just having many cars, a mansion and lots of girls. This is due to the media feeding them this everyday in their music videos, resulting into poor understanding of what living successfully really means. You may say that you only...
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