...Running head: EFFECTS OF MUSIC THERAPY Effects of Music Therapy in Preoperative, Intraoperative and Postoperative Care Virginia A. Ostrowsky Nova Southeastern University 1 EFFECTS OF MUSIC THERAPY 2 Effects of Music Therapy in Preoperative, Intraoperative and Postoperative Care Music Therapy has been used as a way of healing without medication for centuries. In the 1800’s traveling music groups played for injured veterans returning from war. Doctors and nurses noticed the positive effect music had on their healing process. In the 1900’s music was used along with anesthesia to calm patients during surgery (Nilsson, 2008). Today, music therapy is used in the clinical setting in many areas, especially in hospitals “to reduce patient pain, anxiety and stress”, in preoperative, perioperative and postoperative settings (Nilsson, 2008, p. 780). Furthermore, it can create a positive mental attitude and a sense of well being to promote emotional as well as physical healing (Economidou, Klimi, Vivilaki & Lykeridou, 2012). Music Therapy Music therapy is an area of health care that uses music as a therapeutic way to encourage healing of the mind and body. Listening to music stimulates all areas of the brain (Nilsson, 2008). It affects our emotions and can arouse feelings immediately. Thaut (1990) notes the body has a neurophysiological response by encouraging relaxation through the autonomic and central nervous system...
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...Rap/Hip-Hop: The Effects on Today’s Youth Brenda L. Williams-Capers Columbia Southern University English Composition II Professor Dana Taylor December 11, 2011 Abstract Rap/Hip-Hop first became popular among African American and Latinos among youth in the streets of New York during the 1970’s. It was their way of expressing themselves in a friendly manner in the form of speech, fashion, and personal style. Rap/Hip-Hop music was a way for them to get their message out, by telling stories of their lifestyles. However, over the years Rap/Hip-Hop music has become much more popular for its explicit lyrics, reference of drugs, alcohol and sexual explicit videos. Many may ask “Could Rap/Hip-Hop music have a negative influence on today’s youth, because of its unhealthy messages”? This research paper will examine the effects of rap/hip-hop music on today’s youth and whether or not it has a negative influence. Brenda L. Williams-Capers Professor Dana Taylor English Composition II December 11, 2011 Over the year’s many researchers have conducted studies on the effects of rap/hip-hop on today’s youth. The results have been mixed; however there are indications that some forms of Rap/Hip-Hop music could have negative influence on today’s youth. This is due to the fact that youth start to adapt the negative aspects of the gangster rap, by displaying aggressive behaviors and committing crimes of violence. Rap gets a bad rap because some songs contain explicit lyrics...
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...1 Teenagers’ Reasons for Listening to Music and the Students’ Perception of the Effects of Listening When Completing School Assignments1 Jennifer Adriano Educational Leadership Doctoral Program Thomas DiPaola Educational Leadership Doctoral Program Center for Research and Evaluation The Alan Shawn Feinstein Graduate School Johnson & Wales University 1 Paper presented at the 42nd annual meeting of the New England Educational Research Organization, April, 2010, Portsmouth, NH. 2 Introduction Music is a significant part of our lives. People listen to music on the radio at home and in their car; they watch music videos on television or hand held technology; they buy CDs or download music; and they attend concerts. People also hear music in stores, restaurants, sporting events, and doctors’ offices (Schellenberg, Peretz, & Vieillard, 2008). Music is very important to many adolescents and they spend a considerable amount of their time listening to music. One study with N = 2,465 adolescents ages 13 and 14 found that participants listened to music for an average of 2.45 hours per day (North, Hargreaves, & O’Neill, 2000). Music has become a personal accompaniment in many teenagers’ lives because of the availability and popularity of personal music listening devices. In 2009, Jaffray released the results from the 18th semi-annual survey, “taking stock with teens.” The team of researchers surveyed approximately N = 1,200 students, with an average age of 16.3, in...
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...Running Head: THE EFFECTS OF MUSIC ON READING COMPREHENSION The Effects of Classical and Contemporary Music on Reading Comprehension of College Students Louis Sandro Y. Aboga Bakhita Mae Alexie N. Llames Aquinas University of Legazpi The Effects of Classical and Contemporary Music on Reading Comprehension of College Students Music is more pervasive now than at any other point in history, functioning not only as a pleasurable art form, but also serving many important psychological functions (MacDonald, Hargreaves and Miell, 2002) and influencing cognitive functioning (Rauscher, Shaw, and Ky 1993) Music and Reading Comprehension Etaugh and Ptasnik (1982) found that individuals who rarely studied with background music showed better comprehension when they learned in silence, while those who frequently studied with music performed better in the presence of music. Hall (1952), exploring the possible uses of music in schools, found that performance on reading comprehension tests was significantly improved when background music was playing; 58% of the 245 8th and 9th graders taking part in the study, showed an increase in scores a reading test. Physiological Aspect on Music and Memory Numerous previous studies have tested to determine if the above conditions do in fact play an integral role in being a catalyst or antagonist to understanding complex literature. First the topic will be addressed from a biological perspective: processing in...
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...Examining the Effects of Music on Memory <Name Removed> University of Mary Hardin-Baylor Abstract This experiment was designed to test the effects that classical music has on memory. Previous experiments have shown that the effects of music can be beneficial in work and school environments. Our hypothesis was that a group that is required to listen to classical music during a study would outperform a group who studied in silence. The participants were college students and were randomly assigned to two groups. The control group performed the experiment in complete silence, while the experimental group listened to classical music the entire time. Both groups were asked to examine a picture and memorize as much as they could for two minutes. Immediately after two minutes a short distraction film was played and a multiple choice test was given. The results were not statistically significant and our hypothesis was rejected. Methodological limitations and ideas for follow-up research are discussed. Keywords: music, memory, memorize, distraction, test Examining the Effects of Music on Memory Memory is an area that sparks the interest of many scientists. Memory can be affected by multiple genetic and environmental factors having positive and negative influences on working memory function (Alley & Greene, 2008). Research has shown that if music is played to babies while in the womb, they possess recognition and memory recall of the music a year after being...
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...How we hear and the Effects that Music has on the Body, Mind and Emotions. By Ryan Determan Introduction A. Music is the most universal language do to the sounds and beats that can be created and passed on to different people and cultures. B. These sounds and beats that we call music has a substantial influence on our minds and bodies. C. Different kinds of music effect people differently like some kinds of music are calming to the body and mind; while other kinds, excite the body and mind. D. Not only are we affected by the beats and melodies of the music but also the lyrics that are sung. E. In order for me to explain the effects of music on both the mind and body I will use examples of cause and effect and viewpoints of people conducted on surveys including different perspectives. Body, mind and why How we interpret or hear sounds 1. In order for us to understand what music is we have to find out what is music and how we hear it. 2. When we hear something, it starts in the form of an air presser wave. a. Then it hits the outer ear where its funneled into the ear canal where it reaches and vibrates the ear drum; from there the presser wave energy is transformed into mechanical energy into the middle of the ear where it vibrates three very small bones simultaneously these bones are called the Ossicles. "These bones create different unique movements that embodies the frequencies that embodies the frequencies...
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...of music within our culture. Jazz, rhythm and blues, rap, rock, and classical are some examples of types of music people listen to. Each individual has their own preference for the type they like the best. People of all ages listen to music. Everyone knows someone who likes to listen to some music while they work. it’s a widely held popular belief that listening to music while working can serve as a concentration aid, and if you walk into a public library or a café these days it’s hard not to notice a sea of white ear-buds and other headphones. Some find the music relaxing, others energizing, while others simply find it pleasurable. But does listening to music while working really improve focus? It seems like a counterintuitive belief–we know that the brain has inherently limited cognitive resources, including attentional capacity, and it seems natural that trying to perform two tasks simultaneously would cause decreased performance on both. Music can affect us in many different ways.Several students listen to music while studying. Music can affect our moods as well as our ability to concentrate depending on how often we listen to music and the type of personality we have, according to some of the research. One factor that may affect studying with music is the complexity of the music that is listened to. Kiger (n.d) as cited in by Lee (year)performed a study testing reading comprehension with one of three conditions. One was no sound, second was low information-load music and...
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...The phrase ‘The Mozart Effect’, aptly named after Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, describes a phenomenon where children, under the age of three, listened to Mozart’s music and have improved brain function. According to Claudia Hammond, this phenomenon originated in 1991 when a study at the University of California Irvine showed that students who listened to Mozart and then attempted spatial puzzles completed those puzzles more successfully than students who did not listen to Mozart. A farmer in Italy claimed that when his “buffalos were played Mozart three times a day, they produced better milk” (Hammond) and some studies have found that simply listening to as well as practicing music “can increase IQ by as much as three points” (Hammond). Even...
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...JoinSearchBrowseSaved Papers Home Page » Philosophy and Psychology Music Video Effects on It's Listeners In: Philosophy and Psychology Music Video Effects on It's Listeners Music Video Effects on its Listeners EN 1320 / Composition I Music Video Effects on its Listeners Some would argue that these videos are simply a way for musical artists to express themselves in a way that they normally could not with just music, but statistics and research would argue otherwise. Studies have shown that a vast majority of music videos today have a negative impact on adolescents. These videos have a large influence on how teens view themes such as sex, drugs, violence and even influence their behaviors like how they see themselves and how they think they should fit in by establishing gender stereotypes. These themes are very dangerous as most of today’s youth get their information from the media. While some music videos are seen as an art form, they force much of today’s teens to hold very unrealistic views of life by skewing what their priorities and goals should be. Today’s music and its videos have a huge influence on many factors of a young adolescent’s life. One aspect in particular is sex. Studies have shown that sexual content appears in more than 75% of the videos being viewed (Ashby, 2005). Needless to say, this is a very high exposure of sexual content in music videos. The dangerous part of this is that young impressionable...
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...The Effect of Music on Human Performance and Behavior Thesis Statement: Music positively affects human performance and affects the emotions of a person, negatively or positively, depending on what genre and tempo of the music. Introduction I’m a huge fan of music; who am I kidding? All people love music. Music has been part of life for a very long time; it’s been part of history, it is used to tell tales of heroism and courage, among other things. Most people love listening to music while working; it keeps them focused, composed and keeps them from freaking out due to intense stress. People also love listening to music when they exercise; they listen to fast-tempo music to keep their heart rate stable. My point is music has an effect or is a determining factor on human performance. In this report, I’ll be focusing in three aspects of the human performance and how music affects them, which may be positively or negatively. These three aspects are Physical, Cognitive, and Emotional. Main points Physically, music positively affects human performance. When in an intense workout, music covers or drowns out the brain’s cries of fatigue. The muscles will send signals to the brain that it is tired and wants to stop, but music will try to cover out those signals. Listening to music keeps one’s mind from tiredness or fatigue. Listening to music not only keeps one’s mind from the pain of exercise, but also helps use one’s energy efficiently. A study showed that cyclists who listen to...
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...Cause and Effect Essay Throughout history music has accompanied Humanity in many different forms and styles. From Medieval and Baroque to Classical and Romantic, the genres we’ve seen in the past are largely similar in their foundations, with variations in theme and style that appropriately reflected moods of the time period. The music of today however, known as the Modern period, is much unlike the others. The introduction of Jazz music in the early 20th Century has sculpted what we know music as today. As a style that has evolved over time, people aren’t able to pinpoint a specific moment where Jazz was first played. Although, most accept it was initially developed in New Orleans, Louisiana. Jazz music at its core is a unique combination of both European and African musical elements. It takes its “rhythm and feel” component from African music. Additionally, the component of harmony -- that is, the chords that accompany the melody of the tune (usually played on the piano) -- and various instruments, such as the saxophone, trumpet, and piano, are borrowed from European music. While Jazz initially only saw popularity in a small minority of communities throughout the American South, it soon grew far beyond those reaches, developing many alternate styles of its own as it was introduced to new corners of society. Some examples include: Swing, Ragtime, Bossa Nova, Blues and Bebop. Classic jazz and its alternates are the facilitators of the evolution of popular music. While...
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...of this research is to state the effects of pop music (and music videos) to overall well being of children and teens. This paper will focus on the negative side, on two major fields: Behavior (including health) and Interpersonal relations. I picked 10 current Pinoy music videos of varied genres. I formulated a mini questionnaire and let random children and teens answer it. It took me almost 3 weeks to gather information and make conclusions. I chose to do a research on the effects of listening and watching pop music/music videos because me, myself is an avid listener and viewer of pop music. It will be much easier for me to do a research if I choose a topic, which is very relatable/close to my heart and to my being. And also, the reading assigned to me in the class, which is an experiment to pop music video viewers and its effects to gender and sexuality of teenagers, influenced me to do this paper. Below is the actual survey questionnaire that I gave to 8-20 year old children and teens, to be followed by an explanation of why I chose those kinds of questions. Questionnaire 1. State your gender: _____M _____F 2. Age range: _____5-12 _____13-25 _____26-30 3. Do you watch music videos? _____Yes _____No 4. How often do you watch music videos? _________Hours 5. Where do you watch music videos? _____TV _____Phone/iPod _____Youtube 6. Do you like to see dance routines within a music video? _____Yes _____No Why?...
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...Lecturer: Date: The effect of Music therapy on Human Brain Music therapy started in late 18th century but architects in the medicine industry had long interest and research in the entire field trying to find out all the issues and aspects in the field. It is under this case that statistics shows that actually healing activities dates to ancient times. This kind of principle is evident through the biblical aspects that have been put forward to explain the issues of concern. Some of historical aspects that have been used to explain these issues relating to music therapy were retrieved from ancient writings from civilizations such as Greece, Rome, China, India and Egypt. In present scenario, the power of music tends to be the same as it was used in those old days. However there is a modification of the same in the present times due to enrichment of various ways that have been used to facilitate realization of amicable goals accordingly (Aldridge 65). In United States the profession within the Music therapy started to be developed during the two world wars whereby music was extensively by veterans administration Hospitals as a tool to address and cushion traumatic war injuries that were being experienced. Many veterans in these days were wholly involved passively and actively involved in music activities which revolved in relieving perceptions that occurs in pain. Many doctors and their nurses during those days had the chance to experience all the effects that were directly as...
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...Music Video Effects on its Listeners EN 1320 / Composition I Music Video Effects on its Listeners Some would argue that these videos are simply a way for musical artists to express themselves in a way that they normally could not with just music, but statistics and research would argue otherwise. Studies have shown that a vast majority of music videos today have a negative impact on adolescents. These videos have a large influence on how teens view themes such as sex, drugs, violence and even influence their behaviors like how they see themselves and how they think they should fit in by establishing gender stereotypes. These themes are very dangerous as most of today’s youth get their information from the media. While some music videos are seen as an art form, they force much of today’s teens to hold very unrealistic views of life by skewing what their priorities and goals should be. Today’s music and its videos have a huge influence on many factors of a young adolescent’s life. One aspect in particular is sex. Studies have shown that sexual content appears in more than 75% of the videos being viewed (Ashby, 2005). Needless to say, this is a very high exposure of sexual content in music videos. The dangerous part of this is that young impressionable minds are viewing these videos and getting most of their information about sex and life decisions from the media instead of from parents. The danger is shown in other...
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...The Effects of Music on Human Behavior and Health Music is an appearance of craftsmanship and art which has ran as an inseparable unit with humanity since the beginning of our time. Music has been changed progressively from generation to generation. Music has changed but the meaning and effect on people has not. "Much of the current research in music therapy focuses on proving that music has measurable physiological and psychological effects. Such effects are not difficult to find or to measure, and are revealed by studies of human, animal, and plant behavior, EEG recordings, hormone assays, and cellular growth patterns" (Health Benefits of Music and Sound). Analysts have shown that very similar, if not the same results, can occur in human health today. Music help is a renowned worldwide benefit for treating mental issues. So what are the positive effects of music on human behavior and human health? Music can lessen the dangerous risks of heart attacks and strokes. Music has even been found to lower blood pressure. Changes in the "autonomic" nervous system, for instance, breathing and heart rate can similarly be altered by music (Tryon Daily Bulletin). Music helps release of endorphins, which are protein particles handled by the nervous system that works with sedative receptors in the brain. They improve your mood, personality, help the immune system, reduce dietary issues, and help fight cancer. In this appreciation, music has major positive effects on humans and...
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