...Group Project On "Nature of work and organizing work in firms of the future” ‘Nature of work and organizing work in firms of the future’ Introduction Sweeping political, economic, social, and technological transformations are creating a fundamentally new era of business characterize by unprecedented complexity and rapid change. Large number of firms are struggling to stay afloat in this dynamic and intensely competitive environment, and the accepted ways of doing business are proving inadequate for doing business in future. At the same time, advances in information technology, coupled with emerging insights on organizations and the learning process, are greatly enhancing the ability of people to communicate and coordinate with one another both within and among organizations. These advances offer powerful new tools for dealing with the pressures of the business environment as well as promising a framework for creating entirely new opportunities for organizing and managing work in firm of future. Few people foresaw the vast changes that would be brought by the invention of the steam engine and the host of other mechanical devices that were the technological driving force behind the Industrial Revolution. Yet these advances completely transformed the nature of work as many of the old ways of organizing and managing business died away and new concepts emerged. The network of crafts and small cottage industries that had dominated the production of goods for centuries gave way...
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...Topic: Changing nature of work and implications for managers Introduction For this paper, we begin by looking at the definition of Organisation Behaviour with a focus on job satisfaction and motivation; and see how these two workplace behaviours apply to the employees at Tesla Motors and BMW Group. Furthermore, we determine the implications for managers as a result of the changes in the workplace. Finally, we finish off with a conclusion that allows us to ponder over the changes or adapt to the changes. According to Robbins and Judge (2012, p. 26), Organisation Behaviour or OB ‘is the study of what people do in an organisation and how their behaviour affects the organisation’s performance’. Moreover, we cover the definitions of job satisfaction and motivation. Robbins and Judge (2012, p. 40) described job satisfaction as ‘a positive feeling about a job, resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics’ while motivation is described ‘as the processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal’ (Robbins and Judge 2012, p. 96). Let us now look at the two companies and see how they relate to these definitions. Tesla Motors According to Tesla Motors (2016), the employees work in small, focused teams that are agile, efficient and focused on excellence. The pace is fast, the work is stimulating, structure is limited and innovation is expected. This statement is validated after watching a video on Youtube...
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...Unit: 4001V1 Managerial styles and behaviours 1 Understand assumptions about human nature and managerial behaviour. 1.1 Identify models which make suppositions about human nature and behaviour at work. 1. Kolb’s Learning Cycle Researcher and organisational psychologist David Kolb states that knowledge results from the interaction between theory and experience. He states that learning takes place in four stages in a cycle that continues the more we learn. This learning cycle shows a model of learning through experience. For complete learning to occur, we must progress through all four stages of the cycle. Experiential learning takes place when: * a person is involved in an activity, * looks back at it critically, * determines what was useful or important to remember, * uses this information to perform another activity. Kolb finds that there are two dimensions to the learning process: Grasping and Transforming experience. * We grasp experience by feeling/doing (concrete experience) and by thinking/theorizing (abstract conceptualization). * We transform experience by watching/reflecting (observation/reflection) and by doing/applying (active experimentation). As David Kolb says, "Learning is the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience." 2. Maslow – Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow developed the Hierarchy of Needs model in 1940-50s USA, and the Hierarchy of Needs theory remains valid...
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...Analyse and critically discuss the nature and purpose of the employment relationship for organizations and the relationship between work design, planning, pay and the employment relationship. Explain how expectancy theory; reinforcement theory and equity theory help managers to build an effective pay strategy as part of managing employment relationships Words: 2,695 . Introduction The term ‘employment-relationship’ is interchangeable with others when describing aspects of the overall relationship. According to USQ (2004) this relationship is basically the exchange of work by employees for pay from employers. While the primary relationship is that between the employer-employee, as organisations have evolved, grown in size and number, so too has the diversity of employees, each with their own particular ‘psychological contract’ (Hodgkinson 2003). The purpose of a defined and productive employment relationship is to equitably manage the various relationships, and resolve conflicts (USQ 2004). Breaching this psychological contract potentially will have negative implications for loyalty, motivation, and worker commitment to the organisation (Hislop 2003). This essay will discuss some of the factors in the workplace, which have an effect on the principals at each end of this relationship, and maintaining such diverse relations within a context of equity to each. The objective of business is to increase profits by increasing the effectiveness of production...
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...Nature in Romanticism The Romantic Period came as a reaction against the Industrial Revolution and the rising emphasis on science and technology that the movement brought along. People traditionally living in the country now gathered into urbanized areas in hopes of employment as farmland gradually developed into factories (“Introduction”, Pages 5-7). As a result, cities became crowded and unsanitary as this sudden influx of population was not accounted for in city works. The lack of a citywide waste disposal system created an environment where litter dusted the streets and smog suffocated the populace (Wood). In the heavily industrialized cities of the time, flora and other greenery became a rare sight. The people of the late eighteenth century became rapidly disillusioned by their surroundings and yearned for the better days of the past where there was more space to breathe and distance themselves to find spiritual meaning in their life (Wood). The people sought for a refuge from the turmoil of society and found that coveted solitude in nature, which became idealized as a meditative sanctuary where people could go to reflect upon life or draw inspiration. Each writer of the Romantic period came upon different interpretations from their experiences with nature and these varying perspectives are reflected in their works. Pantheism was a very pervasive theme found in the works of the Romantic Period. This shared sentiment did not come as a surprise as nature became personal...
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...that is used in Keats works. "Beauty is truth, truth beauty: that's all ye know on earth, and all ye need to know." ~ Keats, "Ode on a Grecian Urn" Keats’ applied integrated nature into his poems and uses it as a device to make his works tender and passionate. When reading the poems and letters of Keats, many of the poems have to do with sorrow. Keats used natural references such as the earth, nature, love, and beauty that seem to lighten the sorrowful works. Nature seems to be used a lot during the Romanticism period. I prefer the lyrics of John Keats. Poets of the Romantic era focused more on difficult and maybe abstract topics. In Keats’ poems there is the allusion of the Hellenistic period but he still follows it with beauty in all of its forms and also shows his love for nature which falls right in line with the Romanticism characteristics. John Keats poems are appreciated with great vitality because of his adoration for beauty whom he calls beauty is truth and truth beauty. • In the selection from Thoreau's Walden, what is the author's attitude toward nature? Why do you think such an attitude might emerge during this period? What type of effect do you think Thoreau's writings have had on our world today? In the piece, Walden by Henry David Thoreau, the topic of nature is discusses a lot. The author's attitude reflects that he is a fan of nature and the benefits nature has had on his life. It is said in his piece that many times famous works of literature are concerned...
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...generations beheld God and nature face to face; we, though their own eyes. Why should not we also enjoy an original relation to the universe? Why should not we have a poetry and philosophy of insights and not of tradition, and a religion by revelation to us,” (940, 941) were the words written by Emerson in the introduction of his renown work “Nature” as he espoused that men should not necessarily believe in a God through ideals seen in the Bible and evidenced in nature, but rather use their own logic through poetry and philosophy to determine their own God. His writings espoused beliefs that do not reflect a Christian worldview, but rather bases man’s salvation on his own intuition. Emerson was a rebel in his time, he had independent views that did not align to any system of values. According to “Anthology of American Literature,” Bronson Alcott declares that “Emerson’s church consists of one member-himself.” These words signify that Emerson’s ideas and values were so radical for the time that very few people shared his beliefs. Yet, he was not alone in espousing thinking that seemed somewhat pantheistic and contradictory to what he had preached many years earlier. During the 1830’s Ralph Waldo Emerson joined with some other literary authors of the day in supporting a set of values that looked beyond a Supreme Being for truth and necessity to man’s ability to understand the world around him. One of his most famous works, “Nature” espouses the power of man over nature and argues that he...
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...INDIA VOLUME 19 THE COMPLETE WORKS OF SRI AUROBINDO Publisher’s Note The first series of Essays on the Gita appeared in the monthly review Arya between August 1916 and July 1918. It was revised by Sri Aurobindo and published as a book in 1922. The second series appeared in the Arya between August 1918 and July 1920. In 1928 Sri Aurobindo brought out an extensively revised edition in book form. For the present edition, the text has been thoroughly checked against all previous editions and against the manuscripts of the revised Arya. CONTENTS FIRST SERIES I Our Demand and Need from the Gita II 3 12 20 29 39 47 57 68 81 94 105 114 124 The Divine Teacher III The Human Disciple IV The Core of the Teaching V Kurukshetra VI Man and the Battle of Life VII The Creed of the Aryan Fighter VIII Sankhya and Yoga IX Sankhya, Yoga and Vedanta X The Yoga of the Intelligent Will XI Works and Sacrifice XII The Significance of Sacrifice XIII The Lord of the Sacrifice CONTENTS XIV The Principle of Divine Works XV 134 145 158 168 177 188 200 212 224 234 247 The Possibility and Purpose of Avatarhood XVI The Process of Avatarhood XVII The Divine Birth and Divine Works XVIII The Divine Worker XIX Equality XX Equality and Knowledge XXI The Determinism of Nature XXII Beyond the Modes of Nature XXIII Nirvana and Works in the World XXIV The Gist of the Karmayoga SECOND SERIES Part I — The Synthesis of Works, Love and Knowledge I The Two Natures II 263 278 The Synthesis of...
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...of various ideas throughout their works are why Victorian critics first identified this group of authors as “the Romantics” (Greenbalt 1418). Hays says the writers of this time period “were joined by shared ideals” and they “were, in many respects divided, but were also united by their oppositional politics, by the depth of their convictions, and by their youth” (xix). Another reason many critics group these particular authors together is the reoccurring themes they use throughout their stories and poems. Three main themes these romantic authors use are nature, imagination, and individualism. The Romantic Age writers focus on the theme of nature throughout many works. Keats directly compares writing and nature together by saying, “if poetry comes not as naturally as the Leaves to a tree it had better not come at all” (qtd. in Coombs 41). Romantic writers “were interested primarily in universals, in looking at nature as the mirror of universal truth seen not in its particulars, that is, in celandines, daisies, birds, one man’s life, or remote regions of the past, but rather in the ordered harmony of sun, moons, stars, and seasons, and in the lives of men in general” (Coleridge in his Time 31). Coombs also states nature “offers a completely new set of spiritual values” (40). Many writers during this time had entire poems on the theme of nature, like William Wordsworth’s poem “The World is too much With Us”. Beach states that the theme of nature is continuous with Wordsworth (31)...
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...“The Beauty of Nature” The poems The Tyger by William Blake and Work without hope by Samuel Coleridge seems to relate to one another. The characters of these two poems lack appreciation of the beauty of nature that is around them; whether it is because of their constant questioning or emotional issues. These two characters seem to have something that holds them back from appreciating the true beauty in life. A close analysis of The Tyger and Work without hope allows us to examine human nature and lack of appreciation for the true beauty in life. In the poem The Tyger, Blake incorporates religion and creation. He is constantly questioning God, from the beginning of his poem all the way to the last line of his poem. “What immortal hand or eye could frame thy fearful symmetry?” (p.498) this quote by far is the most significant line in this poem. He not only uses it in the first stanza, but he also ends his poem with this quote. A tiger is referred to as being evil. Readers of this poem should be aware that the word symmetry means the quality of being made up of similar parts. If the tiger is evil and is made up of similar parts of its creator, does that mean God is both evil and good? Blake leaves his readers to question whether or not God is truly pure. “And what shoulder, & what art, could twist the sinews of thy heart?” (p.499) Due to this quote, there is no doubt that Blake leaves his reader to ultimately question the establishment of a higher power. He cannot fathom how...
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...In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn the importance of “Home” is a driving force throughout the story. This essay will discuss how Huckleberry’s home is nature, how the force of nature continues to influence huck, and how hucks idea of home illuminates the larger meaning of this piece of work. The Reason nature is important to Huck is because it’s his escape from civilization. Huck shows us many home qualities of nature to him throughout the book in one instance Huck awoke from his sleep and said “The sun was up so high when I waked, that I judged it was after eight o' clock”. In our homes when we wake up in the morning we look at our alarm clock to tell what time it is. In Hucks home he uses the sun as his alarm clock checking the time by...
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... VOLUME 19 THE COMPLETE WORKS OF SRI AUROBINDO © Sri Aurobindo Ashram Trust 1997 Published by Sri Aurobindo Ashram Publication Department Printed at Sri Aurobindo Ashram Press, Pondicherry PRINTED IN INDIA Essays on the Gita Publisher’s Note The first series of Essays on the Gita appeared in the monthly review Arya between August 1916 and July 1918. It was revised by Sri Aurobindo and published as a book in 1922. The second series appeared in the Arya between August 1918 and July 1920. In 1928 Sri Aurobindo brought out an extensively revised edition in book form. For the present edition, the text has been thoroughly checked against all previous editions and against the manuscripts of the revised Arya. CONTENTS FIRST SERIES I Our Demand and Need from the Gita 3 II The Divine Teacher 12 III The Human Disciple 20 IV The Core of the Teaching 29 V Kurukshetra 39 VI Man and the Battle of Life 47 VII The Creed of the Aryan Fighter 57 VIII Sankhya and Yoga 68 IX Sankhya, Yoga and Vedanta 81 X The Yoga of the Intelligent Will 94 XI Works and Sacrifice 105 XII The Significance of Sacrifice 114 XIII The Lord of the Sacrifice 124 CONTENTS XIV The Principle of Divine Works 134 XV The Possibility and Purpose of Avatarhood 145 XVI The Process of Avatarhood 158 XVII The Divine Birth and Divine Works 168 XVIII The...
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...say about man's sinful nature. Both of these works contain scenes in which main characters die; their deaths come about because of their sinful nature or the sinful nature of others around them. Man's sinful nature is revealed through the thoughts and actions of the characters of these works. The authors show through their works their belief that if everybody revealed their true natures, the world would tear itself apart. In both works, evil is revealed by the telling actions of the characters. In Lord of the Flies, the boys' society starts to fall apart as Jack becomes less and less civilized and the other boys gradually follow his example. Only Simon is the truly innocent one; even Ralph and Piggy expose their evil nature when they help the other boys kill Simon. Besides the murders of Simon and Piggy, evil is also demonstrated through the scenes when the pig is killed, Piggy's glasses are stolen, and the conch shell is smashed. In Macbeth, man's sinful nature is seen quite early in the story when Lady Macbeth urges her husband to kill the king after he is told a prophecy that he will become king. Though Macbeth is reluctant at first, then horrified at the murder he has committed, his pride and greed get the better of him. He starts killing more people, including women and children, and even attempts to kill his good friend Banquo. Though Macbeth started out good, his evil nature conquered in the end. Though they both demonstrate man's sinful nature, the books end in very...
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...Natural Connections Heather Conway ENG/106 January 20, 2014 Nikki Moorman Natural Connections Early works of literature show many concepts of emotion from anger and wrath, to love and devotion. In these works, it is sometimes not easy to find what the author is tying say or convey when it comes to his or her work. As a reader, it can be difficult to comb through what the author is trying to establish in their work, whether it be love, hate, envy, or a personal struggle for the intended characters. In some of the more modern works, it is apparent that romantic emotion is a constant and can easily be discerned from each individual piece. In John Keats’ “Ode to a Nightingale”, it is automatically assumed that the narrator is speaking of something that is loved. In this case, it appears as if the narrator is speaking of a bird, but it can also be said that he is speaking about a love, or lover, that he had once and then lost. In the first stanza, the first line, it suggests that he is missing a piece of himself, and his ‘heart aches’. He later describes this ache as the complete opposite of what it is to be in the ‘singest of summer in full-throated ease.’ (pg. 2160, 10) As the poem continues, Keats continues to use descriptions of nature and other things, showing a true connection there between the way the narrator feels and how it compares to certain aspects of nature and natural things. In the second stanza, the narrator continues to describe his heart break, and the things...
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...irreconcilable. The Ridiculous, when utilized effectively, is able to assist in perpetuating the sublime despite their disparate natures. The Ridiculous in art has the ability to probe sublimities that deal with transcendence and venturing beyond liminal boundaries. However, the relationship between the Sublime and the Ridiculous must be one of careful consideration as when construed inappropriately, the ridiculous nature of an artwork can overblow and nullify the Sublime, rendering it as purely ridiculous in its entirety, displaying the precarious nature between the Sublime and the Ridiculous and how “one step above the sublime makes the ridiculous and one step above the ridiculous makes the sublime” The discourse on the relationship between the Ridiculous and the Sublime of this essay will start with the works of Chinese artist Duan Ying Mei that are located early in the exhibition, Art of Change: New Directions from China. Duan’s Sleeping, 2004/2012 (Fig.1), a performance installation of a live performer silently sleeping on a white shelf elevated high up on a gallery wall. Exhibiting in the same space is also Duan’s In between, 2004/2012 (Fig.2), another performance installation of a live performer silently laying on a white shelf also elevated high up on a gallery wall in the same room and on a wall adjacent to Sleeping, 2004/2012. Duan’s other work, Happy Yingmei, 2011/2012 (Fig.3&4), is a performance piece performed by the artist herself where viewers enter a room through...
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