...THE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE LECTURE NOTES DEVELOPING INFORMATION SYSTEMS SOLUTIONS The Systems Development Cycle: The systems approach can be applied to the solution of many types of problems. When this involves the development of information system solutions to business problems, it is called information systems development or application development. Most computer-based information systems are conceived, designed, and implemented using some form of systematic development process. In this process, end users and information specialists design information systems based on an analysis of the information requirements of an organization. Thus, a major part of this process is known as systems analysis and design. When the systems approach is applied to the development of information system solutions, a multistep process or cycle emerges. This is frequently called the information systems development cycle, also known as the systems development life cycle (SDLC). Steps involved and products produced in the traditional information systems development cycle: 1. Systems investigation - Product: Feasibility Study 2. Systems analysis - Product: Functional Requirements 3. Systems design - Product: Systems Specifications 4. Systems implementation - Product: Operational System 5. Systems maintenance - Product: Improved System 1. All the activities involved are highly related and interdependent. 2. Several developmental activities can occur at the same time...
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...information system is systematically repaired and improved is referred to as: 1) _______ A) maintenance B) implementation C) physical repair D) analysis 2) Which of the following is a true statement about RAD? 2) _______ A) RAD requires moderate user involvement. B) The bulk of the work in RAD takes place in the requirements planning phase. C) The focus of RAD is on system integration. D) The emphasis in RAD is generally less on the sequence and structure of processes in the life cycle and more on doing different tasks in parallel with each other and on using prototyping extensively. 3) Which of the following are deliverables for the analysis phase? 3) _______ A) code, documentation, training procedures, and support capabilities B) functional, detailed specifications of all system elements C) description of current system and where problems and opportunities are with a general recommendation on how to fix, enhance, or replace current system D) priorities for systems and projects; an architecture for data, networks, and selection hardware, and IS management are the result of associated systems 4) The traditional methodology used to develop, maintain, and replace information systems best defines: 4) _______ A) SDLC B) RAD C) prototyping D) OOAD 5) Turning system specifications into a working system that is tested...
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...1- What is object-oriented analysis, and how does it differ from structured analysis? Object Oriented analysis is “the examination of a problem by modeling it as a group of interacting objects. An object is defined by its class, data elements and behavior. For example; in an order processing system, an invoice is a class, and printing, viewing and totaling are examples of its behavior. Objects (individual invoices) inherit this behavior and combine it with their own data elements.” ( (The Computer Language Company, 1981-2012) Object-oriented analysis (OOA) applies object-modeling techniques to analyze the functional requirements for a system. “Analysis is done by identifying the use cases and detailing a flow of events for each. Also, an initial set of functional test cases is specified, to serve as a vehicle for checking that the implementation is complete and basically correct. Analysis culminates in identifying classes implied by the use cases, and documenting them using an Analysis Class Diagram.” (Russell C. Bjork Professor of Computer Science, 2004) The difference is in object oriented analysis the data is combined in a process that acts on the data in the object whereas structured analysis treats the process and the data as separate components. 2- Describe the phases of the system development life cycle, and compare the SDLC waterfall model with the spiral model? “The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a conceptual model used in project management that...
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...team, iLab. In your review, make notes specifying how you would rate the following characteristics of the company and project. These notes will not be turned in, but you will use them in conducting your analysis in Step 2 and preparing your memo in Step 3. 1. Is theproject technologyextremely stable, moderately stable, or experimental? 2. At the start of the project, are theproject requirementswell known, partially known, or mostly unknown (i.e., experimental)? 3. Is theproject domainheavily regulated, moderately regulated, or lightly regulated by government or other outside agencies? 4. Is thesize of the organizationlarge, mid-sized, or small? 5. Is theorganizational culturebureaucratic, mixed, or entrepreneurial? 6. Is theorganization's competitive environmentslow-paced, moderately paced, or fast-paced? STEP 2: Analyze SDLC suitability Based on the information given in the case study, analyze the suitability of a specific Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) model for Acme Medical Data Storage LLC: • If the last digit of your DSI Number is 0, 1, 2, or 3, use theWaterfall SDLC; • If the last digit of your DSI Number is4, 5, or 6, use theUnified Process; and • If the last digit of your DSI Number is 7, 8, or 9, use anagile SDLC (Scrum or XP). In your analysis, examine your notes from your review of the project and organizational characteristics from Step 1, and make additional notes on the following points. These notes...
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...team, iLab. In your review, make notes specifying how you would rate the following characteristics of the company and project. These notes will not be turned in, but you will use them in conducting your analysis in Step 2 and preparing your memo in Step 3. 1. Is theproject technologyextremely stable, moderately stable, or experimental? 2. At the start of the project, are theproject requirementswell known, partially known, or mostly unknown (i.e., experimental)? 3. Is theproject domainheavily regulated, moderately regulated, or lightly regulated by government or other outside agencies? 4. Is thesize of the organizationlarge, mid-sized, or small? 5. Is theorganizational culturebureaucratic, mixed, or entrepreneurial? 6. Is theorganization's competitive environmentslow-paced, moderately paced, or fast-paced? STEP 2: Analyze SDLC suitability Based on the information given in the case study, analyze the suitability of a specific Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) model for Acme Medical Data Storage LLC: • If the last digit of your DSI Number is 0, 1, 2, or 3, use theWaterfall SDLC; • If the last digit of your DSI Number is4, 5, or 6, use theUnified Process; and • If the last digit of your DSI Number is 7, 8, or 9, use anagile SDLC (Scrum or XP). In your analysis, examine your notes from your review of the project and organizational characteristics from Step 1, and make additional notes on the following points. These notes...
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...Patton Fuller Community Hospital Team A BSA/376 - Systems Analysis and Design Instructor: John Neels April 15, 2013 Development of a patient management system More unified patient experience Tracking patient check-in Tracking patient appointments Tracking patient surgery Scope and Goal Planning Analyzing Designing Implementing Functions Needed for Project Meeting management requirements Compliance with standards ◦ Meeting company standards ◦ Meeting federal and state standards ◦ Meeting security standards Stakeholder satisfaction Supporting Measures for Success Business goals Compliance Requirements Supporting Strategies Prioritization Prevention Tangible Measures for Success Operational Technical Economic Summary of Project Feasibility Measurement of how proposed system solves the problem Management Commitment Dependent on Human Resources Operational Feasibility Analysis A large part of determining resources that has to do with assessing technical feasibility Contact with Vendors Internal Technical Capability Technical Feasibility Analysis Cost and benefits analysis Frequently used method Used to determine the benefits and savings Economic Feasibility Analysis Project Description Goals and Objectives Project Performance Project Assumptions Project Constraints Major Project Milestones Business Process Summary Business Process...
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...Appliances management team should adopt in designing and planning for the operation, given the opportunities and constraints faced at present. This report gives a complete analysis of the situation and different alternatives available, followed by a final recommendation using our criteria. Please let us know should you have any questions or require further clarifications on this report. Yours truly, Student, Vice President Controller of Clearwater Small Appliances Introduction and Problem Statement Clearwater is a small appliance manufacturer that has been in existence for approximately 50 years. The company produces a large spectrum of small household appliances such as coffee makers, toaster ovens, microwaves and irons. Recent changes to the retailing industry by “power retailers” have required Clearwater to alter its way of doing business. The board of directors have developed a new strategy to become a profitable supplier to “power retailers” but do not have the means to monitor and evaluate the success or failure of the strategy. Issues 1. Clearwater is suffering from declining sales. Category retailers have become powerful and are able to dictate practically all terms to suppliers. Large chain retail manufacturers are constantly squeezing costs forcing manufacturers to keep selling prices low in order to remain competitive. 2. Clearwater maintains a Cost of Quality report, but results of the report are not tracked or analyzed. 3. Clearwater...
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...Essay title: opportunities and challenges that the Internet had brought In 2006, the total e-commerce spending by customers and businesses would reach and even surpass five trillion Dollars[1] according to e-marketer (2004). This astonishing number confirms that e-commerce and e-business must be taken into consideration now by firms in order to be competitive. Even if e-commerce and e-business seem to be rather new phenomena for customers, that is to say clients have not been used to buy online for a long time; the Internet has already a long history. In the late sixties[2] (1969), the American department of defence created ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) group in order to install secure networks among computers. In 1973, Great Britain is connected to ARPANET. Then in 1984, JANET: joint academic network, is installed in United Kingdom. But the big step is the introduction in 1990 of the World Wide Web, which is considered to be one of the most significant contributions to business activity. By the end of 1992, the Internet and the World Wide Web have already more than one million users over the world. In 1995, many elaborated browsers are being developed and created. Today, one can say we belong to the Internet generation, for in 2000; more than twenty million websites were registered in over one hundred fifty countries. Thus, this quick historic shows that the Internet is not new and has known a long evolution within fifty years. From an internal...
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...Introduction to Design for (Cost Effective) Assembly and Manufacturing Source: David Stienstra (Rose-Hulman) Purpose Statement To provide an overview of Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) techniques, which are used to minimize product cost through design and process improvements. Objectives Participants will understand: – Differences and Similarities between Design for Manufacturing and Design for Assembly – Describe how product design has a primary influence – Basic criteria for Part Minimization – Quantitative analysis of a design’s efficiency – Critique product designs for ease of assembly – The importance of involving production engineers in DFMA analysis Design for Assembly Definition: DFA is the method of design of the product for ease of assembly. ‘…Optimization of the part/system assembly’ DFA is a tool used to assist the design teams in the design of products that will transition to productions at a minimum cost, focusing on the number of parts, handling and ease of assembly. Design for Manufacturing Definition: DFM is the method of design for ease of manufacturing of the collection of parts that will form the product after assembly. ‘Optimization of the manufacturing process…’ DFA is a tool used to select the most cost effective material and process to be used in the production in the early stages of product design. Differences Design for Assembly (DFA) concerned only with reducing product assembly cost – minimizes...
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...System Development Life Cycle In the present booming economic environment every organization plans to expand and develop quick system and encase economic boom, as soon as possible. This requires a process which can quickly develop new systems, in lesser time with lesser cost. This presentation will focus on the process of how to achieve the development goal. What is SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT? We are talking about the development of a system or business so first we should understand what development is: - “System Development” refers to the process of – * Examining a business situation, * With the intent of improving it, * Through better procedures and methods. System Development is having two major components in it * System Analysis – Analysis of current system for Problems & Demerits in it and Additional requirements in new system * System Design – Process of planning new system which will replace the old one Beginning of a System Development System Development usually begins when a problem or opportunity is identified by Managers, it can be because of any of the followings: * New design idea to smoothen the process in the organization. * Evolving environmental changes such as Competition. * Adding new business or product line to present business. * Present system does not satisfy the users information needs. * Present system no longer efficiently and effectively meets the Goals of organization. * Excessive time spent in correcting...
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...5- GLOBAL COMPANY PROFILE: Regal Marine world’s 3rd largest boat manufacturer; Regal uses CAD computer aided design; Regal uses JIT inventory to deliver parts as needed. GOODS & SERVICES SELECTION: The good or service provided is basis for an organization’s existence and the key to success; To maximize success, companies focus and concentrate on few products; Companies must look constantly for new products to design; Product Decision- to develop, implement a product strategy that meets the demands of the marketplace with a competitive advantage; Product strategy is 1 of 10 decisions of OM and focuses on developing a competitive advantage thru differentiation, low cost, rapid response, or combination of these. PRODUCT STRATEGY OPTIONS: Product Selection- the choosing of good or service to provide customers or clients; Differentiation- by offering a distinctly unique and high quality product; Taco Bell- has developed a low cost and high value product line; Toyota- a rapid response to changing customer demand; PRODUCT LIFE CYCLES: Intro Phase- the product is being fine-tuned for market, negative cash flow due to research, product development, process modification, and supplier development; Growth Phase- product design is stabilizing, requires effective forecasting of capacity requirements; Maturity Phase- high sales revenue, competitors are established, improved cost control, reduction in options of product line necessary for profitability and market share; Decline Phase- Sales...
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...Riordan Manufacturing Amanda Empey, BSA375: Fundamentals of Business Systems Development May 7, 2012 Dr. Jackie Krause Service Request: Riordan Manufacturing Company Overview Riordan Manufacturing Incorporated is a global plastic injection molding company headquartered in San Jose, California. With state-of-the-art facilities and innovative designs, the organization has grown to include multiple locations, each specializing in diverse products. The organization has become an industry leader with customers in the fields of automotive, aircraft, appliance, and beverage makers and bottlers in addition to supplying products to the Department of Defense. Purpose System Request 004 has been requested by Hugh McCauley, Riordan Manufacturing’s Chief Operating Officer. The purpose of this request is to satisfy the organizational need to streamline the Human Resources Department’s functions. Riordan’s goal is to take advantage of more sophisticated information technology to compile multiple functions and plant location information into one Human Resources system. In order to successfully develop this system, one must define the business requirements for the development of the system, create a detailed project plan that provides a list of all the tasks, resources, schedule and ensure that the project can be completed by the scheduled deadline - in approximately six months, so the new system can be utilized in the second quarter of next year. Successful Information...
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...Organizational design of Internet University 1. introduction This project is to create an organization of Internet University without central back office and describe the contents in designing the organization. Chapter 1 will provide the definition of the organization, moreover briefly illustrate the type of this organization and growing challenges, plus the reasonable solutions. The organizational strategy and structure will be mentioned concisely as well, but details of them will be respectively analyzed afterwards. Analysis of environments included external and internal factors, and illustrated effectiveness model of organization will be provided in chapter 2. Two organizational structures will be compared with each other in terms of vertical (efficiency) and horizontal (learning) in chapter 3. Certain approaches of organization steering will be proposed and analyzed in chapter 4. The effects of innovation and change to organization will be described in chapter 5 and finally the transaction cost will be evaluated in the last chapter. 2. organizational definition As mentioned this internet university will be constructed without the central back office, which means the processes such as recruiting, enrolling, teaching, hiring, paying, administrating, managing are all available on the internet. To design this organization and implement the idea, personally I suggest to start it as an small example, in this case the investment and cost could be effectively...
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...Knowledge Based Systems, Inc. College Station, Texas Abstract This chapter presents an approach to BPR that is focused on achieving results from the first stages to implementation. The engineering approach presented utilizes an integrated set of methods applied incrementally. This allows BPR practitioners to more realistically approach a project; assess its impact, duration, and required budget; and mitigate the risks of failure. We present the approach as a phased BPR methodology along with methods, proven strategies, and tools To be published in a forthcoming book on Business Process Reengineering by Kluwer. 1 2 Evolving BPR from Art to Engineering we have worked with successfully at each phase. We present motivations for initiating a BPR effort that have been shown to result in successful cases for action. We present rationale for justifying change and a method for building a business case that includes the use of cost benefit analysis in formulating the justification rationale. An approach to planning for a BPR effort is presented that uses the same methods normally applied in the BPR process itself. We cover the issues associated with setting up a BPR project including: forming cross-functional teams, and selecting method and tool technology for the BPR project. A methodology is presented for base-lining the current business situation, identifying the current value delivery system and the processes that support that system along with problem-cause analysis. We describe...
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...Running head: Zara Case Paper Analysis 1 Zara: IT for Fast Fashion Case Analysis Sonal Bhagwat University of Houston-Victoria MGMT 6352-2011FA-25125 November 2011 Zara Case Paper Analysis Table of Contents: • • • • o • • • 2 Abstract Case Description Goals and Strategy Speed and Decision-making Marketing, Merchandising, and Advertising Information Technology Problem Analysis Firm-based-value chain model Model Application Implementation Opportunity Analysis Evaluation of IS Implementation Tangible Costs Analysis Tangible Benefits Intangible Costs Analysis Intangible Benefits Conclusion for Evaluation of IT Implementation Conclusion and Recommendations References 3 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 7 9 12 12 13 14 15 16 16 19 Zara Case Paper Analysis Abstract This case paper presents the business analysis of Zara, the leading and the profitable brand of Inditex. The case paper’s objective is to discuss whether to update the current DOS/IT infrastructure and evaluate the effects of the upgrade. By using the Michael Porter’s value chain analysis, we can understand Zara’s core business model of vertical integration and assess the areas where IS will add value to the system. The case paper also presents the IS implementation opportunities and evaluating the effectiveness of the implementation. The case paper concludes by providing recommendations for updating the current OS along with its advantages. 3 Zara Case Paper Analysis Case Description Zara is one of the largest...
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