...The Perfect Government Power is so useful that it needs to be distributed to everybody. While power is usually given to a general. If it would be given to the public and shared more likely the society would be relaxed. This choice and accessibility, makes this society way more superior. This power if abused would lead upon punishment. Pretty much every dictator with high power has been corrupted, and messed up everybody. According to history Julius Caesar and other Roman leaders have received this kind of high power and was still corrupt. This shows how it is risky to give one person with the great power a country can muster. Also Mussolini tried to copy these Roman leaders and instead of a dream it created a nightmare. This proves even dreams of leaders won’t work, and shows that...
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...Some people may argue that our global society is not a perfect utopian society but it hasn’t reached the values of a perfect dystopian society. One way that our global society is not a perfect utopian society is North Korea. The people of North Korea have no control over their thoughts and actions just like those in the novel. In North Korea, they have public executions. In 1984, their government also applies public executions. In 1984, “Some Eurasian prisoners, guilty of war crimes, were to be hanged in the Park that evening, Winston remembered. This happened about once a month and was a popular spectacle.”(p.23) Another society that is not a perfect utopia is the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Democratic Republic of the Congo...
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...the necessity of a strong government because people are not essentially good and they need something to keep them in line. Luther said “There are always many more of the wicked than there are of the just” (Luther, 11). While this may be thought of as cynical, there are plenty of examples where people will do just about anything in order to achieve what they want. Luther and Machiavelli both were under the impression that people are naturally selfish, and thus need the guiding hand of the government to keep them in check. All three use the fear of punishment as an incentive to uphold the laws. Machiavelli said that “Fear is sustained by the dread of punishment that is always effective” (Machiavelli, 58). More doesn’t say it as up front as Machiavelli does, but the reason people behave is because of their fear of the punishment of becoming a slave, not because they love their rulers. Machiavelli and Luther both saw the need for there to be a separation of secular authority and religious authority, putting to question the idea of divinely inspired royalty. “Each must decide at his own peril what he is to believe…How he believes is a matter for each individual’s conscience and this does not diminish [the authority of] secular government” (Luther, 25). Machiavelli was concerned with acquiring and maintaining power and was of the opinion that whoever was smart enough to obtain power and keep it had the right to rule, and Luther saw the government merely as an organization...
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...Market Structure February 6, 2014 Economics are a very important part in the political policy. As a consultant to the mayor it is my job to inform him of the ever changing economy in our area. With that being said it is important that we think of all the aspects of microeconomics when deciding what to do with our economy as a whole. Today, economists classify markets according to conditions that prevail in them. Economists group industries into four different market structures- perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, and monopolies. With that being said it is important to emphasize these key points and explain further what they mean. The first market structure, perfect competition, is characterized by a large number of well-informed independent buyers and sellers that exchange identical products. It represents an ideal situation that is used to evaluate other market structures. There are five conditions that perfectly characterize competitive markets. The first condition is that there are a large number of buyers and sellers. No single buyer or seller is large nor powerful enough to affect the price. Condition number two is that sellers and well as buyers deal in identical products. With no difference in quality, there is no need for brand names and no need to advertise. The merchandise of one seller is just as good as that of another. Third is that each buyer and seller must act independently. This ensures that sellers compete against one another for the...
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...DEFINITION OF 'MARKET' 1. A medium that allows buyers and sellers of a specific good or service to interact in order to facilitate an exchange. The price that individuals pay during the transaction may be determined by a number of factors, but price is often determined by the forces of supply and demand. 2. The general market where securities are traded. 3. People with the desire and ability to buy a specific product/service. INVESTOPEDIA EXPLAINS 'MARKET' 1. Markets do not necessarily need to be a physical meeting place. Internet-based stores and auction sites are all markets in which transactions can take place entirely online and where the two parties do not ever need to physically meet. 2. If a broad market index (such as the S&P 500) fell, people might say that "the market was down," using the S&P 500 as a proxy to represent the overall market's performance. 3. For example, "the widget market" is referring to all the people who will buy widgets. 7. Macroeconomics - Nominal vs. Real GDP, and the GDP Deflator The main difference between nominal and real values is that real values are adjusted for inflation, while nominal values are not. As a result, nominal GDP will often appear higher than real GDP. Nominal values of GDP (or other income measures) from different time periods can differ due to changes in quantities of goods and services and/or changes in general price levels. As a result, taking price levels (or inflation) into account is necessary when...
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...of Management and Social Sciences Vol. 3, No. 1, (Spring 2007) 11-21 Applicability of the Theories of Monopoly and Perfect Competition -Some Implications Ravinder Rena * College of Arts and Social Sciences Eritrea Institute of Technology Gobind M. Herani * Indus Institute of Higher Education (IIHE) ABSTRACT This paper addresses the concern that monopolies arise naturally out of the free market. An attempt is made to compare and contrast two theories of monopoly economic and political monopoly that this is not true. This paper further demonstrates that the two theories of monopoly have their separate roots in two opposite theories of competition: perfect competition and competition as rivalry. Hence the paper discusses only one of these theories of competition accurately describes the nature of competition in an economy. Besides, the paper also delves the two theories of competition and monopolies are derived from collectivist and individualist political philosophy. It illustrates how perfect competition and economic monopoly have undermined economists' understanding of the actual nature of both competition and monopoly. After investigating these theories, an attempt to made to apply them to show how one can come to very different conclusions about when monopoly power does and does not exist. Keywords : Monopoly, Perfect Competition, firm, industry, government, egalitarianism, etc. 1. INTRODUCTION It is often claimed that a free market leads to large firms gaining monopoly...
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...Differences in the Market Structures In economics there are four main market structures: perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly. Each of these market structures faces the common factor of competition. Various degrees of competition are what separate these market structures. Secondly, the commodity or product plays a huge role in these market structures because some products have substitutes or identical products. Lastly, we will observe the barriers to which a firms face when entering or exiting the market. This is a very important factor in the market structures because relative difficulty in entry and exit of the markets will determine what type of market structure we are examining. Market structures are based on two extremes known as perfect competition and monopoly. Oligopolies lie in the middle of this spectrum. A comparison and contrast of each market structure in short term and long term scenarios will be detailed in the following paper. Perfect competition and Monopoly In a Perfect competition there are four conditions that characterize the perfect competition structure: a large number of buyers & sellers, free entry & exit, product homogeneity, and perfect information. Each of these aspects is compared when examining the differences between monopoly and perfect competition. First in perfect competition there are a large number of small firms. Perfectly competitive firms’ demand curves are perfectly elastic while a monopoly’s...
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...Would people be able to achieve a perfect society or should government be the one who controls everyone’s happiness? In Brave New World, Huxley proposes that a perfect society can be achieved through control, however, readers come to the understanding that the characters in the book have no individuality and cannot obtain a perfect society through the government’s control. The use of soma, a government supplied drug, is a factor that adds to creating virtual peace and happiness for the characters in the book. The government trying to control everyone to think the same through the use of eugenic science and soma, is what creates a utopian society and adds to no one being individual in the book Brave New World. Discrimination on Individuality...
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...What does the term of “Invisible Hand“ stand for? What are the real consequences and premises of “Invisible Hand”? Introduction In Adam Smith’s conception, it is the ‘invisible hand’ of the free market that organizes the seemingly chaotic and self-interested activities of human beings into a beneficent and industrious social order. The conception tries to describe “Self – regulating nature of market” based on natural inclination of human-being. Unplanned, unintended actions coined with natural inclination of self-interest channels ambitions towards meeting social necessities. The main motto of the argument was that the market freely will lead to perfect equality. Actually, perfect competitive market fundamentalism was bulwarked with “Invisible hand”. It is very arguable and ambiguous that why Adam Smith called this sort of regulation “invisible hand”. Cognitively, it is tangible but in terms of understanding of special mechanism is very incomprehensible and too invisible to put forward as a market regulatory factor. Self-interest as a part of human nature took a role of supervisor and established “self-regulatory nature of marketplace”. Diving into deep comprehension of the term of invisible hand, we can see that the term implies decentralization of the wealth among inhabitants. We can face with the term of “invisible hand” in his previous work called “The Theory of Moral Sentiments” which envisages the natural propensity of human-being: “They are led by an invisible hand...
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...Professor John Polich JMC 370 31 October 2013 Perfect Raise Agency – one of the Best Choices on the Russian Public Relations Market Nowadays, there are numerous public relations agencies that help companies to differentiate themselves on the Russian market. Because of the large variety of choices, Russian people tend to have difficulties identifying the best options available on this market. With the help of this paper, I will try to convince the reader that despite its comparatively small size and relatively short work experience in the field of PR, Perfect Raise agency is among the best choices the Russian public relations market has to offer. The arguments in support of this statement will be built on the analysis of the company’s origins, its history, status, achievements, competitors, the market share and its relationship to the local government. In the concluding part of this paper I will elaborate on the reasons for which holding a position in this company seems to be attractive from my point of view. Despite of its extensive service record, “Perfect Raise is not considered to be a large agency” (Krasev 2-6). It is a relatively compact company that provides Russian people with an outstanding service in the field of public relations. The company was founded “as a sole proprietorship with the main source of funding coming from the dowry” (Kolesnikov 9-11). Its founder, Igor Maslennikov, positioned the company as a family business with him...
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...Competitive Markets Economy Competitive Markets Economy A market which converges all of below assumptions is called perfectly competitive market: ''Assumption 1. All the firms in the industry sell an identical or homogeneous product. Buyers of the product are well informed about the characteristics of the product being sold and the prices charged by each firm. Assumption2. The output of each firm, when it is producing at its minimum long-run average total cost, is a small fraction of the industry's total output. Assumption3. Each firm is a price-taker. This means that each firm can alter its output without significantly affecting the market price of its product. Assumption 4.Each firm must passively accept the existing market price, but it can sell as much as it wants at that price. Assumption5..There is freedom of entry and exit, which means that any new firm is free to enter the industry and start producing if it so wishes, and any existing firm is free to cease production and leave the industry. Marginal cost and marginal revenue in the perfectly competitive market where all firms operate under the same cost conditions, marginal cost is considered as the most important factor after price that affect the supply curve, and firms that cannot adopt the lowest cost methods of manufacturing are hard to maintain in this market. The goal therefore of all firms is to maximize their profits which increases as long as marginal revenue...
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...The Government's Duty “Government’s first duty is to protect the people, not run their lives” (Ronald Reagan). This quote means that the government’s first priority should be to protect the people not take ultimate control. The Preamble to the United States constitution is a perfect example of this concept, because it outlines the government's purpose. The Government is perfectly reflected through the quote above. The purpose of government is to promote citizens to be healthy and happy. Popular thinkers, such as Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, during the Enlightenment Period took a more secular approach to focus on where the government gets its authority. The government altogether gets its power from the people,...
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...Question 1.1: Explain how a change in the demand or supply affects the equilibrium price and quantity in any market. What is “demand”? Demand is the outcome of decisions about which wants to satisfy, given the available means. If you demand something (in the economic sense), it means that you intend to buy it and that you have the means (the purchasing power) to do so. In simple terms, when we talk about demand we are referring to the quantities of goods or services that the potential buyers are willing and able to buy. The law of demand states that if all other factors remain equal, the higher the price of a good, the less people will demand that good. Simply, the higher the price, the lower the quantity demand. Chart 1 above was downloaded from “www.investopedia.com/university/economics/economics3.asp” Point A,B,C clearly shows a negative demand relationship. As the price increases, the lower the quantity demanded. What is “supply”? Mohr et al (197:2004) defines supply “as the quantities of a good or service that producers plan to sell for a possible price during a certain period.” Producers must be able to supply the quantities concerned although there is no guarantee that the quantity supplied will be actually sold. The quantity sold will depend on the demand for the product or service. The greater the demand, the greater the quantity sold. Chart 2 above was downloaded from “www.investopedia.com/university/economics/economics3.asp” Points A,B,C clearly...
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...market structures and how they work, the mayor will be able to provide better insight on what will work best for his/her city. In order for us to understand the relationships between consumers and businesses, we must clearly understand the different characteristics of each market structure; these market structures include Perfect Competition, Monopolistic Competition, Oligopoly and Monopoly. The first market structure that we will discuss is perfect competition. Perfect competition is a theory that is composed of six assumptions that if a market meets all six assumptions, then the market can be considered as a perfectly competitive environment and no individual or company has power to manipulate the market in their favor or increase the price of the item or service. “Perfect competition, neutralizes these strategic behaviors and conflictual interactions, resulting in the elimination of these distributions conflicts…perfect competition (associated with constant returns) dissolves these conflicts of appropriation since every individual can be paid according to his marginal contribution” (Berta, Julien, Tricou, 2012, Pg. 7). The first assumption in a perfect competition is that there is a large number of sellers/producers that saturate the market resulting in no single seller having the ability to affect the price in the industry. The second is that there is a large number of consumers/buyers allowing the market to be safe...
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...Introduction of soft drink industry: Soft drinks introduced in seventeenth century. These were known as non carbonated soft drinks and prepared by mixing honey and lemon with water and this soft drink was sold in Paris in small plastic cups. Later on it was produced in large scale John Mathew invented an equipment which is capable of producing carbonated water in large scale. The first flavoured drink was prepared by Doctor Philip Sing Physic in 1807. Later on it was liked as health drink and liked by customers as well and ordered to be carried at home. After this demanded by peoples then it leads to manufacturing industries of bottle plants. This was an interesting phenomenon that soft drinks were coming on bottles and this increased the sales of soft drinks also. It was for the first time that the bottle was containing water with bubbles. For the first time Michael Ovens had started the glass blowing machine which were used in automatic production of bottles. With use of these machines 69000 bottles were produced in place of 1500 bottles which were hand-made. After all these efforts the Soft drink industry started centuries ago. In the present time soft drinks is a very large industry and it is known as cold drinks now. Now in India there are only two major competitors Pepsi and Coke. This industry comes in beverages industry in India and it is growing industry because everyone likes to have cold drinks but it is seasonal the sales of cold drinks are in boom mainly in...
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