... Serial no: 25 Roll no: 4983 SUBMITTED TO :Dr.shafqat Hussain Chauhdry DOWRY A SOCIAL PROBLEM NARROWED TOPIC: “Dowry system and its impact on Pakistan civilization” Executive summary: This research paper argues on the evil of dowry system and its impact on Pakistani civilization. The objectives of this research were to substantiate the effect, favoritism and involvement of people in Dowry system. This research notified that dowry creates imbalance in the status of women and it affect women mentally and physically. Dowry is also a cause of endorsing greed and conflicts in the society. Majority of people are involved in dowry system whether they are educated or illiterate. However, most of the respondents are against this system. Simple random sampling technique and questionnaire as a data collection instrument has used to accomplish this research. Furthermore, reliability analysis has applied to verify the reliability of scale and chi-square has used to check the association of demographics with research questions. Results have been discussed in the light of Pakistani cultural context. Introduction: Marriage plays an important role in human life. As it is a turning point of life. It leads to many problems in life after marriage but before marriage there is a big deal that can affect life after marriage in Pakistan that is dowry system. Among Pakistani society, the dowry system plays the most significant role. Their tentacle far and ample in the society...
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...DOWRY DEATH INTRODUCTION :- The dictionary meaning of the term dowry is ‘property or money brought by bride to her husband on marriage’. The system of taking dowry is prevalent in our country since ages. As per section 2 of the Dowry Prohibition Act.,1961 dowry is defined as “dowry includes any property or valuable security given or greed to be given either directly or indirectly: -By one party to a marriage to the other party to the marriage; or -By the parents of either party to a marriage or by any other person, to either party to the marriage or to any other person at or before or any time after the marriage in connection with the marriage of the said parties. During the ancient times dowry was considered as a custom in our country. The custom however became a social evil with the passage of time. This social evil has taken lives of many innocent brides for its non fulfillment. Deaths of young brides through suicide or homicide following disputes over the dowry are increasingly a feature of Indian society. Marriages in India are usually arranged by parents and the wife becomes a member of the husband's family, in most cases moves in with them. Since most marriages are arranged with the assistance of third parties, the family generally do not know each other well. Nevertheless, the newly wedded bride is expected to switch her principal loyalty overnight to her husband's family. The husband's family may make little accommodation to the bride...
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...SOCIO LEGAL STUDY OF MAHR AND DOWRY AND DOWRY PROHIBITION LAWS Subject: Family Law- II Submitted to: Dr. Vijender Kumar Professor of Law Head, Centre for Family Law Submitted by: Shivam Bhatt IInd Year, IIIrd Semester Roll No. : 2012-47 National Academy of Legal Studies and Research, University of Law, Hyderabad. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATION i TABLE OF CASES ii TABLE OF STATUTES ii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Dowry and Mahr…………………………………………………………………………..1 1.2 Research Plan 2 a.) Aims and Objectives 2 b.) Scope and Limitation 2 c.) Chapterisation 2 1.3 Research Methodology 2 CHAPTER II DOWRY AND MAHR AS A SOCIAL EVIL CHAPTER III DOWRY PROHIBITION AND DOWRY PROHIBITION LAWS 3.1 The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 9 3.2 Section 304B of IPC 11 3.3 Section 498A of IPC 12 CHAPTER IV MISSUSE OF DOWRY LAWS CHAPTER V CONCLUSION & SUGGESSTIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY iii LIST OF ABBREVIATION AIR – All Indian Reporter Co. – Company Ed. – Edition Et. al. – Et alia e.g. – ‘Exempli gratia’ (for example) HSA – Hindu Succession Act P. – Page number SCC – Supreme Court Cases v. - versus TABLE OF CASES Dinesh Kumar Mor v Lalitya Mor. 9 Dukhi Ram v State of U.P. 12 Gantupalli Rama Subhatha v Guntu Palli Rajamma. 10 Gordhan Ram v State of Rajathan. 12 Lajpat Rai Sehgal v State. 11 ...
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...WIKIPEDIA Dowry death From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Dowry deaths refers the deaths of young women who are murdered or driven to suicide by continuous harassment and torture by husbands and in-laws in an effort to extort an increased dowry. Dowry death is considered one of the many categories of violence against women, alongside rape, bride burning, eve teasing, and acid throwing. It is widespread in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal. Sri Lanka and some regions of Africa. Pakistan has the highest reported rates of dowry-related deaths per 100,000 women in the world. India[edit] Most dowry deaths occur when the young woman, unable to bear the harassment and torture, commits suicide. Most of these suicides are by hanging, poisoning or by fire. Sometimes the woman is killed by setting her on fire; this is known as "bride burning", and sometimes disguised as suicide or accident. Suicide and murder are two causes of fatalities in dowry deaths. Death by burning of Indian women have been more frequently attributed to dowry conflicts.[1] In dowry deaths, the groom’s family is perpetrator of murder or suicide.[2] According to Indian National Crime Record Bureau, in 2010, 8391 dowry death cases were reported across India[3] This means a bride was burned every 90 minutes, or dowry issues cause 1.4 deaths per year per 100,000 women in India.[4][5] For contextual reference, United Nations reports a worldwide average female homicide rate of 3.6...
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...Death Due to Dowry - A Legal Analysis SOCIOLOGY By : RASHMI NAIK TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CASES 3 TABLE OF AUTHORITIES 4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 7 CHAPTER I: DEFINING DOWRY IN LEGAL TERMS. 9 CHAPTER II: SOCIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF DOWRY AND LEGAL ANALYSIS.. 13 CHAPTER III: IS DOWRY DEATH DECLINING? 19 CONCLUSION 21 BIBLIOGRAPHY 23 TABLE OF CASES 1. Dwarkadas shrinivas v. Sholapur Spinning and Weaving Co. 2. K. Prema S. Rao v. Yadla Srinivasa Rao,. 3. Kunju Moideen v. Sayed mohd. 4. Paniben (Smt), v. State of Gujarat. 5. Smt. Shanti and Another v State of Haryana. 6. The Collector of Bombay v. Nusserwanji Rattanji Mistri and others. 7. V. Jhadav v. Shankarrao Abasaheb pawar and others. 8. Samir Samanta v.The State, 9. Gurditta Singh v. The State Of Rajasthan, 10. Shamnsaheb M Multani v. State of Karnataka 11. Pawan Kumar v. State of Haryana 12. Ashok Kumar v. State of Rajasthan 13. Kundula Bala Subrahmanyam and Another v. State of Andhra Pradesh TABLE OF AUTHORITIES 1. Dowry prohibition Act, 1961. 2. Indian Evidence Act, 1872. 3. Indian Penal Code, 1860. INTRODUCTION Dowry death is an important topic in a country like India, which has given shame to this country. In the past centuries, women were generally abused exploited and discarded and were denied social, economic and political justice. Dowry is one among the cruel social practices practiced in India. Dowry is an issue in which women’s...
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...LABOUR is the practice of having children engage in economic activity, on part or full-time basis. The practice deprives children of their childhood, and is harmful to their physical and mental development. Poverty, lack of good schools and growth of informal economy are considered as the important causes of child labour in India.[2][3] In 2001, an estimated 1% of all child workers, or about 120,000 children in India were in a hazardous job.[10] UNICEFestimates that India with its larger population, has the highest number of labourers in the world under 14 years of age, while sub-saharan African countries have the highest percentage of children who are deployed as child labour.[11][12][13]International Labour Organisation estimates that agriculture at 60 percent is the largest employer of child labour in the world,[14] while United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organisation estimates 70% of child labour is deployed in agriculture and related activities.[15] Outside of agriculture, child labour is observed in almost all informal sectors of the Indian economy. CHILD LABOUR ACTS AND RULES After its independence from colonial rule, India has passed a number of constitutional protections and laws on child labour. The Constitution of India in the Fundamental Rights and the Directive of State Policy prohibits child labour below the age of 14 years in any factory or mine or castle or engaged in any other hazardous employment (Article 24). The constitution also envisioned that India shall...
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...DOWRY DEATH: AN UNHEEDED HEALTH ISSUE OF THE SOCIETY AIM OF THE PROJECT: The aim of this project is to- * Devise the basic cause behind dowry system. * Highlight it as a critical problem of the society. * Construct a relation between law and dowry. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: This project will emphasize on the question that why dowry is harmful for the society. Even in the 21st century women are subject to exploitation. Dowry system is widespread in the society and it is considered as a social evil. The crux of this project is to portray dowry as the root cause of mental and physical harassment and agony suffered by women. OVERVIEW OF LITERARURE: Exploitation of women has been by the society’s evil norms has been the focus of considerable concern for several decades. However dowry death has been a primary concern for many researchers. A number of researchers have operationally defined marriages as money earning rackets through dowry ( Gopalan Retheesh Babu 2010 , Bontha Veerraju Babu 2010 ). Research has indicated that dowry death is not only prevalent in rural areas but urban areas too. It is regarded as a crime against humanity. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK: The basic concept behind this research is that dowry has become the deadliest enemy of this free and civilized society. The root cause behind dowry deaths is Hindu religious orthodoxy. In olden days dowry was given voluntarily and out of love and affection but these days customs have become brutally dangerous...
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...mental or physical) of the woman; or (b) harassment of the woman where such harassment is with a view to coercing her or any person related to her to meet any unlawful demand for any property or valuable security or is on account of failure by her or any person related to her to meet such demand. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT SECTION 498A- 498A can only be invoked by wife/daughter-in-law or her relative. Most cases where Sec 498A is invoked turn out to be false (as repeatedly accepted by High Courts and Supreme Court in India) as they are mere blackmail attempts by the wife (or her close relatives) when faced with a strained marriage. In most cases 498a complaint is followed by the demand of huge amount of money (extortion) to settle the case out of the court. This section is non-bailable (you have to appear in court and get bail from the judge), non-compoundable (complaint can't be withdrawn) and cognizable (register and investigate the complaint, although in practice most of the time arrest happens before investigation). There have been countless instances where, without any investigation, the police have arrested elderly parents, unmarried sisters, pregnant sister-in-laws and even 3 year old children. In these...
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...better half of humanity, the female sex”-Gandhi. The struggle women face for equality is a battle fought all over the world, but especially so in India. India was recently rated the worst place in the world to be a woman, defeating Afghanistan and Somalia. Women of India struggle to survive at every age from birth onward, facing hardships of neglect, rape, murder, poor healthcare and diet, violence, abuse, prejudice, and discrimination. The notion that Indian men have a hatred for women has really hurt India’s economy. Female tourist have become scared and turned off by the idea of visiting the country. India is the world’s largest democracy yet women there are treated as lesser beings. India has had women as prime ministers, a president, and other high ranking political positions and still they struggle to fight for equal rights for its women. This is ironic because many current politicians and powerful people in India are women. Although many politicians have made promises to change the poor treatment of their women little change has been seen. Many politicians in office currently have been charged with crimes against women as well. People are standing up to their politicians and government and letting their voices be heard. India has had an up and down battle with gender equality through the ages. It is believed that in ancient India women were equal to men, and women had many freedoms they now are deprived of such as the right to marry who they wished when they wished. Several...
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...study on female infanticide and foeticide in Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu, India | | Peace and conflict studies | Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 2 2.0 Theory 3 2.1 Galtung’s violence triangle and structural violence and cultural violence 3 2.2 Gender Theory 5 2.3 Human rights 7 2.4 Women’s rights 8 2.5 Consumerism 10 2.6 Conflict resolution conflict transformation 10 3.0 Female infanticide and foeticide—background and case study 11 4.0 Discussion 16 4.1 Galtung and the violence triangle 16 4.2 Cultural violence 17 4.3 Structural violence 17 4.3 Conflict resolution 20 4.4 Conflict transformation. 21 5.0 Conclusion 23 Bibliography 25 7.0 Appendix 28 1.0 Introduction In 1991, UNICF reported that, due to foeticide, as many as 40 or 50 million girls are missing from the Indian population – a number which constitutes about five percent of the total population. The 'missing girls' is a huge problem in India today – some villages does not even have women at all. (Subhra Singh, The Times of India feb. 8th 2011, from the cencus in 2001) Sex selection in India is at a growing rate, and according to the census held in 2001, the sex ratio (number of females per thousand males) shows that there are great varieties in the numbers – from the lowest, with 591 (Daman) to the highest, Pondicherry, which has 1,147 females per 1000 males. The average sex ratio for whole of India the same year was 927 to 1000 – and the numbers are still increasing...
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...ill treatment of husband’s parent may provoke the husband to assault his wife or man employer taking advantage of his female employee finding her alone in his office which creates such situations. (2) Man’s Supremacy: Violence against women is an outcome of the social structure and ideology of gender domination. Man always keeps his supremacy over his wife and other female members of his families. (3) Effect of moves, cheap literature: Kidnapping, violent action, bad wording, love seances cause the spoilage the life of young generation. People of criminal nature copy those seances and try to apply in real life. Easily available cheap literature, moves have prepared a big force of criminals. Legal provisions for Crime Against women in India The problem of crime against women in Indian society is not new. They...
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...RIGHTS IN INDIA RITU DHANOA* * ASTT. PROFESSOR,G.G.S.C.W. SECTOR – 26, CHANDIGARH, MOBILE – 9872431166, dhanoaritu@gmail.com 1 www.ssijmar.in VIOLATION OF WOMEN HUMAN RIGHTS IN INDIA ABSTRACT: Human rights are those minimum rights which are compulsorily obtainable by every individual as he/she is a member of human family. The constitution of India also guarantees the equality of rights of men and women. However, in the sphere of women’s human rights in India, there exists a wide gulf between theory and practice. Indian society is a male dominated society where men are always assumed to be superior to society. The women in India very often have to face discrimination, injustice and dishonour. Though women in India have been given more rights as compared to men, even then the condition of women in India is miserable. The paper will throw light on the human rights of women in India and that how all the fundamental rights given to the women are being violated in India, by focussing on the various crimes done against them. The constitution of India has granted equal rights to the men and women. According to article 14 – „The State shall not deny to any person equality before law or the equal protection of laws within the territory of India‟. And Article 15 states – „State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them,. But today, it seems that there is a wide gulf between theory and practice. The women...
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...Short Essay on Dowry System in India: In our Indian society there are numerous problems like superstitions, illiteracy, cast system and dowry system, etc. It is surprising that in these days of the 20th century even, we are still drowned in the dark depth of these evils. One of the worst evils of Indian Society is the dowry system. The word ‘dowry’ means the property and money that a bride brings to her husband’s house at the time of her marriage. It is a custom that is prevalent in all the sections of our society in one form or the other. At the beginning it was voluntary, but later on the social pressure was such that very few could escape from it. The dowry at present is a source of both joy and curse in the society. It is also a joy to the husband and his relatives who get cash, costly dress and utensils, furniture, bedding materials, etc. But, it is a curse to the bride’s parents who have to bear enormous cost to satisfy the unreasonable demands of the bridegroom’s party. A demand of dowry does not diminish even after marriage. The in-laws of the bride are very much ready in Indian homes to inflict harassment, insults and tortures-both mental and physical. When more pressure is put on the bride’s parents, their dear daughter has no other option but to commit suicide to avoid more insult and torture at the hands of the members of her husband’s family. Also read: Social Issues in India (causes, effects and solutions) This curse of Dowry System must be eradicated...
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...like the right to vote, the Constitution of India gave women equal rights with men from the beginning. Unfortunately, women in this country are mostly unaware of their rights because of illiteracy and the oppressive tradition. Names like Kalpana Chawla: The Indian born, who fought her way up into NASA and was the first women in space, and Indira Gandhi: The Iron Woman of India was the Prime Minister of the Nation, Beauty Queens like Aishwarya Rai and Susmita Sen, and Mother Teresa are not representative of the condition of Indian women. Over 32000 murders, 19,000 rapes, 7500 dowry deaths and 36500 molestation cases are the violent crimes reported in India in 2006 against women. There are many instances of crime especially against women go unreported in India. These are figures released by the National Crime Records Bureau recently. While Madhya Pradesh is worst off among the states, the national capital New Delhi continues to hold on to its reputation of being the most unsafe city in India. Delhi takes the top slot for crimes ranging from murders and rapes to dowry deaths and abductions. It reflects country's law and order situation when its capital is a cauldron of crime. Instead of leading the way in tackling crime, Delhi only seems to do worse year after year. For instance while the national crime rate declined negligibly by .02 % in 2006; Delhi's rate grew to 357.2more than double the national average of 167.7. Women in India There is no doubt that we are in the midst...
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...Crime against women in india I hereby declare that the project work entitled “CRIME AGAINST WOMEN IN INDIA” submitted to the UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI, is a record of an original work done by me/us under the guidance of RANI D’SOUZA MAM, Faculty Member, S.M.SHETTY COLLEGE OF SCIENCE, COMMERCE AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES, and this project work is my/our original work based on our research and has not been used previously for any similar project. Name and roll no. of the group members * 33 - ashok pai * 67- sahil wani * 47 - dipika shetty * 53 - sushmia shetty We owe a great many thanks to a great many people who helped and supported us during the research of this project. My deepest thanks to Lecturer, Rani D’souza the Guide of the project for guiding and correcting various documents of mine with attention and care. He has taken pain to go through the project and make necessary correction as and when needed. I express my thanks to the Principal of, [UNIVERSITY NAME & PLACE], for extending his support. I would also thank my Institution and my faculty members without whom this project would have been a distant reality. I also extend my heartfelt thanks to my family and well wishers. contents * Introduction * Sexual harassment * Dowry * Child marriage * Female infanticides and sex selective abortions * Guwahati molestation just the tip of the iceberg,crime against women up in India * Causes of crime * Effects of crime ...
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