...Abstract Buffer solutions were prepared and their pH measured to determine their buffering capacity. Three buffer solutions were utilized; an undiluted buffer, a diluted buffer solution with 10ml water and a diluted buffer solution with 18ml water. In the undiluted buffer solution there was minimal pH change with a high of 6.78 and a low of 6.47. In the buffer solution in which 10ml of water was added there was minimal pH change with a high of 6.78 and a low of 6.23. In the buffer solution in which 18ml water was added there was significant change in pH with a high of 6.1 and a low of 2.27. Introduction A buffer solution is a solution that is made up of water and a chemical which gives it unique properties with regard to its pH. The chemical is referred to as buffer agent. The buffer agent resists changes in pH when exposed to bases and acids. The aforementioned property makes it useful in dealing with various chemical accidents, protecting sensitive equipment and balancing internal processes of a number of living things. A buffer agent dissolved in water makes a buffer solution. It is constituted of (HA) an acid and a conjugate base (A-) mixed in water. Once there exists a chemical balance between HA and A- the addition of any bases or acids will be neutralized. This will result in little pH change of the solution. An increase in HA and A- as a result of the addition of bases or acids decreases the buffering capacity of the solution. This implies that the solution acts as...
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...----- Assignment COURSE- Modern Web Programming Tools and Techniques-I COURSE CODE- CAP618T SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO: Anil Kumar Miss. MANDEEP KAUR Roll-A24 Reg. - 11013165 Sec- D1R05 Q: 1 Take a JavaBeans Object named “Profession” with properties domain and expertise. Show the use of all 4 scope types on this object. Ans:- You just need to create a domain object as a JavaBeans property and the corresponding getter and setter methods. The framework will automatically initialize the domain object and transfers the form data. The UserAction class contains the following code. Public class UserAction extends ActionSupport { Private User user; Public UserAction() { Public String execute() { Return SUCCESS; } Public User getUser() { Return user; } Public void setUser(User user) { this. user=user; } } To refer the user attributes like name, age etc. we need to first get the user object and then access its properties. For example to access the user's age in the Action you need to use the following syntax. getUser().getAge(); public class User { private String name; private int age; private String sex; private String[] hobby; private String country; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; ...
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...13B – Distribution and constituents of fluids P3: Distribution and constituents of body fluids – M2: Explain functions of the constituents of body fluids - Constituents of body fluid - The human body consists mostly of water, and is a major constituent to the human body and vital organs; of this 90% include blood plasma, lymph, urine, saliva, digestive juices, bile, cerebrospinal fluid and tissue fluid. Water enables substances to be transported throughout the body, red blood cells for example, as wells as supplying the medium required for metabolic reaction to take place (respiration). Without water the progression of these fluids would not be possible. Water is constantly being transported between the fluid compartments of the body. Water has five main functions in the body, of which includes: • 'Cell life - distribute nutrients to cells i.e. vitamins, minerals and glucose • Chemical and metabolic reactions - removal of waste products (toxins) from the organs • Transport of nutrients – participates in the breakdown of food • Body temperature regulation - water has a large heat capacity that allows it to help limit any changes to an individual's body temperature in a certain environment. For example the release of heat when the surrounding temperature is higher than body temperature • Elimination of waste' Urea – Urea is an organic molecule made up of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen. Urea is a common constituent of blood and other various...
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...Chapter 2 Review Questions 1. Why is information security a management problem? What can management do that technology cannot? Decision-makers in organizations must set policy and operate their organization in a manner that complies with the complex, shifting political legislation on the use of technology. Management is responsible for informed policy choices and the enforcement of decisions that affect applications and the IT infrastructures that support them. 2. Why is data the most important asset an organization possesses? What other assets in the organization require protection? Without data there will be no record of anything that they have done. 3. Which management groups are responsible for implementing information security to protect the organization’s ability to function? Both General management and IT management. 4. Has the implementation of networking technology created more or less risk for businesses that use information technology? Why? More risk, now that attackers have the potential to access the networks from anywhere. 5. What is information extortion? Describe how such an attack can cause losses, using an example not found in the text. When information is held hostage until demands are met. 7. What measures can individuals take to protect against shoulder surfing? Avoid, if possible, accessing sensitive information whenever others are present. Be aware of your surroundings. 8. How has the perception of the hacker changed over recent years? What...
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...7. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 7.1 Characterization of drug 7.1.1: Identification of drug The received samples were identified by various tests. The results are as shown below. • Organoleptic properties: Table 7.1: Organoleptic properties of Aspirin Organoleptic properties Observations Colour White or off white Odour Odourless Description Crystalline powder Melting Point 1400C-1450C 7.1.2: Solubility study Table 7.2: Solubility data in different solvents Solvent Solubility (mg/250mL) Solubility (mg/mL) Aspirin Aspirin Water 23.996 0.096 0.1 N HCl 23.641 0.094 Acetate buffer pH 4.5 23.469 0.098 Phosphate Buffer pH 6.8 23.350 0.093 7.1.3: Physical properties Table 7.3: Physical Evaluation of Aspirin Physical properties Observations Bulk density(gm/mL) 0.682 Tap density(gm/mL) 0.883 Carr’s index (%) 22.72% Hausner’s ratio 1.29 7.1.4: Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy The IR spectrum of the pure Aspirin sample was recorded by FTIR Spectrometer is shown in Figure 7.1 which was compared with standard functional group frequencies of Aspirin as shown in Table 7.4 Table 7.4: Reported and observed IR frequencies of Aspirin Functional groups (Observed Frequency) (cm-1) (Reported Frequency) (cm-1) O-H-(Stretch) 3350.00 3100-3500 O-H stretch from CO-OH dimer 2991.59 3200-2800 Aromatic C-H stretch 3015.99 3150-3050 Aliphatic C-H Stretch 2898.28 2950-2850 -C=O stretch 1695.82 1700 Aromatic C=C stretch...
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...Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.. Bosch Termotecnologia SA Bosch Production System Foundation of Vulcano 1983 Robert Bosch acquires majority of shares 1992 Installation in Aveiro of R&D department 1996 Bosch worldwide responsibility Name change to BOSCH TERMOTECNOLOGIA for water heaters PORTUGAL SA Name change to BBT TERMOTECNOLOGIA PORTUGAL SA 2007 1977 1988 Brand Vulcano was created 1993 European leader in water heaters 2002 Start production of boilers 2007 2008 Start production of solar panels Termotecnologia 2 TTPO/BPS | 25/06/2008 | © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties. Bosch Termotecnologia SA Bosch Production System Key Indicators Sales (Mio. €) Exportations (% sales) Water Heaters Boilers Production (Tsd units) Water Heaters Boilers Nº Workers 2004 194 2005 207 2006 230 2007 235 76 91 77 90 80 92 81 92 974 133 1.008 1.021 124 1.001 1.049 132 1.078 1.203 166 1.133 Nº1 Water Heater Manufacturing Company in Europe Termotecnologia 3 TTPO/BPS | 25/06/2008 | © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of disposal such as copying and passing...
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...ALTIBASE Administration Administrator’s Manual Release 5.5.1 January 12, 2012 ALTIBASE Administration Administrator’s Manual Release 5.5.1 Copyright © 2001~2010 Altibase Corporation. All rights reserved. This manual contains proprietary information of Altibase Corporation; it is provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and is also protected by copyright patent and other intellectual property law. Reverse engineering of the software is prohibited. All trademarks, registered or otherwise, are the property of their respective owners Altibase Corporation 10F, Daerung PostTower II, 182-13, Guro-dong Guro-gu Seoul, 152-847, Korea Telephone: +82-2-2082-1000 Fax: 82-2-2082-1099 E-mail: support@altibase.com www: http://www.altibase.com Contents Preface ............................................................................................................................................................................. i About This Manual ....................................................................................................................................................................................ii Audience........................................................................................................................................................................................ii Software Environment............................................................................
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...Lynne Andrew NB 1110 / M 5 – 7:50 Lab 1 February 2, 2015 pH and Buffer – Using Red Cabbage Indicator to Measure pH Introduction This experiment was performed to evaluate the following hypothesis: Red cabbage indicator can be used as a measure of pH. According to Campbell, et al, in Biology: Concepts and Connections, red cabbage contains a water-soluble pigment called anthocyanin that changes color when it is mixed with an acid or a base. The pigment turns red in acidic environments with a pH less than 7 and the pigment turns bluish-green in alkaline (basic) environments with a pH greater than 7 (2012). The pH indicating property of red cabbage indicator is well accepted in the scientific community and is a useful standard for us to become familiar with. As stated in the lab text, having a known set of standards is important to gaining information about unknowns (2011). Red cabbage contains high levels of anthocyanins, which give the cabbage its deep purple hue. The pigments also change in relation to changes in pH, according to the lab text (2011). According to a University College London lab experiment titled Red Cabbage pH Indicator, with most pH indicators, the compound gains a proton at low pH (lots of H+) but loses it at higher pH. Although this may seem a slight change, it is enough to alter the wavelengths of light reflected by the compound. As a result, we see the color change with respect to pH. The lab description continues to state anthocyanins have...
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...Bio 105 - Homework Chapter 2 1. Atoms are a small unit of matter that retains the properties of an element. Atoms consist of positive protons and neutral neutrons which make a nucleus, and negatively charged electrons which orbits around the nucleus in a clouds. Protons Neutrons Electrons Charge Positive Neutral negative Location in atom Nucleus Nucleus Cloud/shell Size Same as neutrons smaller than electrons About the same as a proton Smaller than both protons and neutrons Function They determine the element Stabilize the atom Participate in bonding between atoms 2. Oxygen (O) 65.5%, Carbon (C) 18.5%, hydrogen (H) 9.5%, nitrogen (N) 3.3%, 3. The outer shell always wants to be full with electrons. 4. Isotopes have the same...
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...Name: Jennifer Johnson Assignment: Chapter 2 Review Class: CS-2713 |Question|Answer|Page #| 1|Why is information security a management problem? What can management do that technology cannot?|Information security is a management problem because mangers have to enforce the policy. Management can make sure polices are implemented, Technology can’t make people do anything. |41| 2|Why is data the most important asset an organization possesses? What other assets in the organization require protection?|Data is the most important asset because without it an organization loses its record of transactions or ability to deliver value to its customers. Another asset that requires protection is technology.|42| 3|Which management groups are responsible for implementing information security to protect the organization’s ability to function?|The management groups that are responsible for implementing Info Security are general management and IT management.|41| 4|Has the implementation of networking technology created more or less risk for businesses that use information technology? Why?|The implementation of networking technology has created more risk for businesses that use information technology because business networks are now connected to the internet and other networks external to the organization. This has made it easier for people to gain unauthorized access to the organization’s networks.|| 5|What is information extortion? Describe how such an attack can cause losses, using an...
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...into a set of pixel-intensity values for storage in the frame buffer. This digitization process is called scan conversion. 2. Write the properties of video display devices? Properties of video display devices are persistence, resolution, and aspect ratio. 3. What is rasterization? The process of determining the appropriate pixels for representing picture or graphics object is known as rasterization. 4. Define Computer graphics. Computer graphics remains one of the most existing and rapidly growing computer fields. Computer graphics may be defined as a pictorial representation or graphical representation of objects in a computer. 5. Name any four input devices. Four input devices are keyboard, mouse, image scanners, and trackball. 6. Write the two techniques for producing color displays with a CRT? Beam penetration method, shadow mask method 7. What is vertical retrace of the electron beam? In raster scan display, at the end of one frame, the electron beam returns to the left top corner of the screen to start the next frame, is called vertical retrace of the electron beam. 8. Short notes on video controller? Video controller is used to control the operation of the display device. A fixed area of the system is reserved for the frame buffer, and the video controller is given direct access to the frame buffer memory. 9. What is bitmap? Some system has only one bit per pixel; the frame buffer is often referred to as bitmap. 10.Differentiate plasma panel...
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...WHAT IS pH AND HOW IS IT MEASURED? A Technical Handbook for Industry CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION Why Is pH Measurement Necessary? 3 CHAPTER 2 – WATER AND AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS The Properties of Water Ion Product Constant of Water Molarity 4 4 5 CHAPTER 3 – FUNDAMENTALS OF pH Definition of pH pH Values and Hydrogen/Hydroxide Concentration How is pH Measured? Activity versus Concentration The Nernst Equation The Standard Hydrogen Electrode 6 6 7 7 9 9 CHAPTER 4 – THE pH SENSOR pH Electrodes The Measuring Electrode Asymmetry Potential Sodium Ion Error Acid Error Temperature Effects The Reference Electrode The Reference Junction Junction Potentials Gel‐filled Reference Electrode Buffers Calibration 11 13 13 14 15 15 16 17 17 18 18 18 CHAPTER 5 – CARE OF pH ELECTRODES Dehydration Factors Detrimental to Electrode Life Transportation Storage 22 22 22 23 CHAPTER 6 – COMMON APPLICATIONS Cooling Tower Control Food Processing Coal Industry Plating Waste Treatment Ultrapure Water 24 24 24 25 25 BIBLIOGRAPHY 27 GLOSSARY ...
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...Introduction Buffer is a solution that resists a change in pH when bases or acid are added. Solutions that are acidic contain high concentrations of hydrogen ions (H+) and have pH values less than seven. Buffer usually consist of a weak acid, and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. The function of buffer is to resist the changes in hydrogen ion concentration as a result of internal and environmental factor. This buffer experiment is important so that we relies the important of buffer in our life. Besides that, it is also important so that we master the buffer preparation techniques and can conduct the experiment ourselves without anyone to instruct us. Other than that, we got to learn how to operate a pH meter and we...
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...which are expensive to repair and maintain. They also cause scorching effects amongst crops and poison animals and human beings. The fact that the low concentration of the compound leads to tragic impacts is enough to show that the chemical is very powerful and has serious impacts when consumed. By occurrence, Aluminum occurs naturally in minerals such as mica silicates (white), muscovite, and kaolin. The impacts of acid rains on the H3O+ are in accordance with the following equation. If not in combined forms with minerals, aluminum can reach the water by first reacting with the atmospheric oxygen to form aluminum III oxide which the dissolves I water to form the acid rain. It can also react with water directly to transfer its chemical properties into the water. When undergoing a reaction with oxygen, the protective coating that protects the metal has to come off to allow the reaction to occur. Upon the removal of the coating, aluminum undergoes a chemical reaction with oxygen to produce aluminum trioxide compound...
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...trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the U.S.A. and/or other countries/regions. Other product and company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners. Table of Contents 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Hello world 1 1.2 Program structure 2 1.3 Types and variables 4 1.4 Expressions 6 1.5 Statements 8 1.6 Classes and objects 12 1.6.1 Members 12 1.6.2 Accessibility 13 1.6.3 Type parameters 13 1.6.4 Base classes 14 1.6.5 Fields 14 1.6.6 Methods 15 1.6.6.1 Parameters 15 1.6.6.2 Method body and local variables 16 1.6.6.3 Static and instance methods 17 1.6.6.4 Virtual, override, and abstract methods 18 1.6.6.5 Method overloading 20 1.6.7 Other function members 21 1.6.7.1 Constructors 22 1.6.7.2 Properties 23 1.6.7.3 Indexers 23 1.6.7.4 Events 24 1.6.7.5 Operators 24 1.6.7.6 Destructors 25 1.7 Structs 25 1.8 Arrays 26 1.9 Interfaces 27 1.10 Enums 29 1.11 Delegates 30 1.12 Attributes 31 2. Lexical structure 33 2.1 Programs 33 2.2 Grammars 33 2.2.1 Grammar notation 33 2.2.2 Lexical grammar 34 2.2.3 Syntactic grammar 34 2.3 Lexical analysis 34 2.3.1 Line terminators 35 2.3.2 Comments 35 2.3.3 White space 37 2.4 Tokens 37 2.4.1 Unicode character escape sequences 37 2.4.2 Identifiers 38 2.4.3 Keywords 39 2.4.4 Literals 40 2.4.4.1 Boolean literals 40 2.4.4.2 Integer literals 40 2.4.4.3 Real literals 41 2.4.4.4 Character literals 42 2.4.4.5 String literals 43 2.4.4.6 The null literal 45 2.4.5 Operators and punctuators...
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