...leaders, economic events, and historical eras what is the meaning of ‘Embargo ’? A specific type of quota that prohibits all forms of trade Embargoes can be placed on either imports or exports, on whole categories of products regardless of origin, on specific products with specific countries or on all products with given countries. It is imposed in an effort to use economic means to achieve political goals. After the Revolution- After the Revolution: In the 1950, over 2/3 of Cuban foreign trade took place with the U.S. Fidel Castro- prime Minister Of Cuba from 1959-1976 and then president from1976-2008 overthrew Batista government in 1959 Castro is a controversial and highly divisive world figure, being lauded as a champion of anti-imperialism, but alternately his critics have accused him of being a dictator whose authoritarian administration has overseen multiple human rights abuses. Nonetheless, he has had a significant influence on the politics of a number of other world leaders, namely Nelson Mandela, Hugo Chavez and Evo Morales, and he is widely idolized by many leftists, socialists and anti-imperialists across the world In turn, U.S. –cancelled agreements to buy Cuban sugar Cuba retaliated by seizing U.S. oil Refineries Oil companies refused to supply Cuba with crude oil. The cold War sets in- The cold War sets In: In 1962, U.S. initiated the full trade embargo of Cuba. In 1963-the treasury Department set –regulations-that prohibited all unlicensed financial transactions...
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...The quest for power could have both positive and negative effects, but in cases like these, the cons outweigh the pros. Although the outcome of a situation may depend on the person and their actions, there is always the chance that they could have a change of heart and the outcome could be positive. The majority of occasions has outcomes that are negative because of someone's quest for power. In the 1800s the United States began to imperialize other places in search of power. The Macbeths were greedy in their quest for power and resulted in more than one terrible outcome. For few reasons, stories such as The Metamorphosis could be considered an example of abuse of power as well as movies like Profoundly Normal. This is because they both show...
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...Chapter Three The World Marketplace: Business without Borders Case Connection China in Africa: A Big Step Forward, or a Bigger Step Backward? Entering an untapped international market can strengthen a business tremendously—but what if the costs outweigh the benefits for the market itself? China has long been an important player on the global stage, but recent advances in manufacturing, natural resources, and energy production have catapulted the expansive country to the forefront of international trade. Currently the world’s fastest growing major economy, China is set to eclipse the United States as the world’s largest economy by 2016. Among various domestic and international plays, one of China’s most fascinating uses of its newfound economic might is a considerable interest—and investment—in the continent of Africa. As its economy grew throughout the 2000s, China began establishing oil and mining firms across Africa. In return for the cooperation of African governments, China built new roads, bridges, and other varieties of desperately needed infrastructure. The economic powerhouse’s inroads into the African market quickly widened, and so did the scope of its investments. For every new mining and drilling operation, China built new governmental buildings, sports stadiums and housing complexes. China’s most prominent declaration of its intent to strengthen ties with Africa, however, was the construction of the $200 million African Union building in Addis Ababa...
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...trade deficit impact the economy? Why? 4. Explain the meaning of “strong” currency and “weak” currency. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? 5. Why is outsourcing such an attractive way for firms to tap into foreign markets? What are the risks of foreign outsourcing? 6. Outline the potential pros and cons of the 3 key strategies for developing foreign markets: exporting, licensing and franchising, and direct investment. 7. Explain how countertrading works. What are the benefits and drawbacks for both parties that engage in countertrading? 8. What are the key elements of sociocultural barriers to trade? How can companies overcome these barriers? 9. How has NAFTA impacted the U.S.? Overall, do you believe that it was a positive move for the U.S.? Why or why not? 10. What is the overarching goal of the European Union? What role has been played by the introduction of the euro? Application Questions 1. An ever-growing world population means that there are countless opportunities for American firms to conduct business abroad, especially in developing nations. Use the Internet to research population and GDP trends around the world. Based on your findings, select five nations not mentioned in Exhibit 3.1, and investigate them further as potential markets...
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...NOTE #6: EUROPE (Patrick Ellwood, Fall, 2011) Page 1 NOTE #6 relates to Chapter 2 of the text. In Chapter 2 pay particular attention to the following pages: Map, p.44; Main Points, p.43; FIGURES 2.10 and 2.11, p.53; FIGURE 2.12, p.55; Wine, p.56 and 57; Europe’s Golden Triangle, p.62 and 63; The Southern Crescent, p.65; FIGURE 2.29, p.71; A “European” Identity?, p.72; FIGURE 2.34, p.75; FIGURE 2.35, p.76; FIGURE 2.36, p.77; Future Geographies, p.77; FIGURE 2.37, p.78; Main Points Revisited, p.78. Movie: "Blue Danube" 1. Physical Geography The boundaries of Europe have been determined more by politics and culture than any physical barriers like mountains and rivers. Today, the eastern boundary is the western frontier of Russia following the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991. So countries like Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, and Moldova are considered part of Europe. These countries had been forcibly incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1940, but had previously been independent from Tsarist Russia since 1919. Moving westwards from Russia are some plainlands, but Europe mainly consists of a peninsula of Eurasia fragmented into smaller peninsulas (Scandinavian, Iberian, Balkan, and Italian) and large islands (Britain, Ireland, Sicily, Iceland and Sardinia). ( 1, pp.59-65 ) Europe has benefited from its location and major physical features. It has direct land and sea routes to Asia (through Southwest Asia, Middle East, and Africa (post 1488 around the...
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...according to a nineteenth-century history of tea, tea was such a fundamental part of everyday life that English tea drinkers often failed to notice its significance within their daily lives. G. G. Sigmond, in the opening pages of Tea: Its Effects, Medicinal and Moral, declares, “Man is so surrounded by objects calculated to arrest his attention, and to excite either his admi- ration or his curiosity, that he often overlooks the humble friend that ministers to his habitual comfort; and the familiarity he holds with it almost renders him incapable of appreciating its value.”1 By the early nineteenth century, tea had become a com- modity of necessity, forming a crucial part of daily patterns of consumption and domesticity. The habitual comfort of tea, ac- cording to Sigmond’s tea treatise, does not draw attention; it is quiet and familiar and thus goes unnoticed. Tea is represented as dependable, a frequent part of everyday life that forms a com- fortable, secure basis for the rest of life’s responses, decisions, and actions. As Sigmond declares, the English tea drinker is “in- capable of appreciating [tea’s] value” (1). What the typical tea drinker fails to recognize, Sigmond suggests, is the crucial role that tea plays in forming the foundation of everyday life. Despite Sigmond’s attempts to rectify the humble status of tea in nineteenth-century English culture, tea has remained a 1 2 introduction relatively unrecognized aspect of Victorian life. Just as Sigmond implies that...
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...THUNDERBIRD THE GARVIN SCHOO L OF INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT A07 -05 -00 15 KISHORE DASH McDoNALD's IN INDIA I do not see any thing wrong with McDonald\ doing business in India. A/fer all, if ts not McDonaldization that we know of 11 is a Big MaCcommodatw n. A Senior Bureaucrat in New Delhi In October 1996, McDonald's opened irs ttrst Indian ourlec in Vasant Vihar, a n affluent residential colony in India's capital, New Delhi. As of November 2004 , McDonald 's has opened a total of 58 restaura nts, mostl y in the northern a nd western parr of India (Exhibit 1). 1 While McDonald 's opened 34 restaura nts in five years (by 2001 ), 58 restaurants in eight yea rs (by 2004), it is now pla nning to add more than 90 new restaurants in the next three years. 2 Although the initial scenes of crowds lining up for days outside the M cDonald 's res taurants in Delhi and Mumbai are no longer seen, Indian consumer response to McDonald's products still remains very strong. The ten McDonald's I visited in Mumbai and Delhi were pac ked with young people, children , and yo ung p a renrs enjoying ice c reams, sp icy potato wedges (instead of the usual frenc h fries), and Happy M ea ls. The growth of M cDonald's in India is not as rapid as in China (Exhibit 4) . Bur irs growth is nevertheless impressive . How did McDo nald's d o it? How d id a hamburger cha in becom e so promi nent in a cultural z.one dominated by non-beef, non-pork, vegetarian, and regional foods such as chofa bhatura...
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...------------------------------------------------- FASCISM ------------------------------------------------- Etymology The term fascismo is derived from the Latin word fasces. The fasces, which consisted of a bundle of rods that were tied around an axe which symbolises strength through unity: a single rod is easily broken, while the bundle is difficult to break. Moreover, Fasces was an ancient Roman symbol of the authority of the civic magistrate. They were carried by his lictors and could be used for corporal and capital punishment at his command. The word fascismo also relates to political organizations in Italy known as fasci, groups similar to guilds or syndicates. Definition +"Everything in the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State" - Mussolini +The only official definition of Fascism comes from Benito Mussolini, the founder of fascism, in which he outlines three principles of a fascist philosophy. 1."Everything in the state". The Government is supreme and the country is all-encompasing, and all within it must conform to the ruling body, often a dictator. 2."Nothing outside the state". The country must grow and the implied goal of any fascist nation is to rule the world, and have every human submit to the government. 3."Nothing against the state". Any type of questioning the government is not to be tolerated. If you do not see things our way, you are wrong. If you do not agree with the government, you cannot be allowed to live and...
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...Master TEW International Business cases - Van Hoof Q 186 uickprinter Koningstraat 13 2000 Antwerpen www.quickprinter.be 2.90 EUR International Business: Cases Case 1: Whirlpool Whirlpool’s Dramatic Turnaround through Internationalization Whirlpool exemplifies how internationalization can rejuvenate declining sales and optimize cost structures. Background Headquartered in Benton Harbor, Michigan, Whirlpool Corporation makes washers, dryers, refrigerators, dishwashers, freezers, and microwave ovens in 13 countries and sells them in 170 others, under brands names such as Whirlpool, Maytag, Magic Chef, Jenn Air, Amana, KitchenAid, Kenmore, Brastemp, and Bauknecht. In 2006, Whirlpool acquired competitor Maytag (horizontal integration) and its brands (Amana, Jenn Air, Magic Chef, and Maytag). Whirlpool generated over $19 billion in 2006 annual sales: 60 percent from North America, 25 percent from Europe, 15 percent from Latin America, and 2 percent from Asia. Operate with 60 manufacturing and technology centers worldwide and 80,000 employees. International Expansion Domestically: (1) The U.S. appliance market matured in the 1990s, and Whirlpool faced low profit margins, intense competition, and more demanding buyers, pressuring management to consider international markets. Internationally: (1) Trade barriers fell, consumer affluence grew, and capitalism flourished. (2) A “global” approach would yield economies of scale in manufacturing, assembly, appliance technology...
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...HUMN432 Week 6 Assignment: Final Draft of the Paper Technology: The Invention of Gunpowder Professor: Adam Ravalovich August 12, 2011 Title: The Invention of Gunpowder A. Introduction: The invention of gunpowder was one of China’s four greatest inventions that made a significant contribution to Chinese culture. Gunpowder in Chinese is called “huo yau”, meaning flaming medicine. The use of gunpowder gave the Chinese a greater ability to protect them from enemies and to conquer and control others. Although fireworks today are used as entertainment, the Chinese used it to scare-off enemies in the time of war. Chinese firearms, fireworks and gunpowder were also popular items of trade along the Silk Road to Europe. As we can imagine this invention had a profound effect on human history and although gunpowder was invented by the Chinese, it gave rise to the powerful western world while it inevitably left China and the Eastern World behind. B. Description of the Chinese Culture (Brandy Miller) 1. Chinese Society: Understanding a people's culture exposes their normalness without reducing their individuality. There are many different realms of Chinese society. China is well known for its centuries of traditional values, customs and beliefs. These beliefs are deeply linked with the language, religions and collective values which have always been the center of traditional festivals, customs and everyday life of man as a collective in harmony with nature...
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...Canadian International Council Strengthening the Non-Proliferation Regime: The Role of Coercive Sanctions Author(s): T. V. Paul Source: International Journal, Vol. 51, No. 3, Nuclear Politics (Summer, 1996), pp. 440-465 Published by: Canadian International Council Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/40203123 Accessed: 30/11/2010 19:58 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=cic. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. Canadian International Councilis collaborating...
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...FEMINISM IS FOR EVERYBODY Passionate Politics bell hooks South End Press Cambridge, MA CONTENTS Copyright © 2000 by Gloria Watkins Cover design by Ellen P. Shapiro Cover illustration by Laura DeSantis, © Artville Any properly footnoted quotation of up to 500 sequential words may be used without permission, as long as the total number of words quoted does not exceed 2,000. For longer quotations or for a greater number of total words, please write to South End Press for permission. INTRODUCTION Come Closer to Feminism 1. 2. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hooks, Bell. Feminism is for everybody: passionate politics / Bell Hooks. p.cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-89608-629-1 - ISBN 0-89608-628-3 (pbk.) 1. Feminist theory. 2. Feminism - Philosophy. 3. Feminism Political aspects. 4. Sex discrimination against women. 1. Title. FEMINIST POLITICS Where We Stand 1 CONSCIOUSNESS-RAISING A Constant Change of Heart 7 3. SISI:ERHOOD IS STILL POWERFUL 4. Vll 13 00-036589 South End Press, 7 Brookline Street, #1, Cambridge, MA 02139 06 05 04 7 8 9 Printed in Canada 19 OUR BODIES, OURSELVES Reproductive Rights 25 6. HQl190 .H67 2000 305.42'01 - dc21 FEMINIST EDUCATION FOR CRITICAL CONSCIOUSNESS BEAUTY WITHIN AND WITHOUT 31 7. FEMINIST CLASS STRUGGLE 37 8. GLOBAL FEMINISM 44 5. 9. WOMEN AT WORI( 48 10. RACE AND GENDER 55 ...
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...critical theory today critical theory today A Us e r - F r i e n d l y G u i d e S E C O N D E D I T I O N L O I S T Y S O N New York London Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Routledge Taylor & Francis Group 270 Madison Avenue New York, NY 10016 Routledge Taylor & Francis Group 2 Park Square Milton Park, Abingdon Oxon OX14 4RN © 2006 by Lois Tyson Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business Printed in the United States of America on acid‑free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 International Standard Book Number‑10: 0‑415‑97410‑0 (Softcover) 0‑415‑97409‑7 (Hardcover) International Standard Book Number‑13: 978‑0‑415‑97410‑3 (Softcover) 978‑0‑415‑97409‑7 (Hardcover) No part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data Tyson, Lois, 1950‑ Critical theory today : a user‑friendly guide / Lois Tyson.‑‑ 2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0‑415‑97409‑7 (hb) ‑‑ ISBN 0‑415‑97410‑0 (pb) 1. Criticism...
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...EL PAPEL DEL PRESUPUESTO EN EL CRECIMIENTO ECONÓMICO ESPAÑOL: UNA VISION A LARGO PLAZO FRANCISCO C O M I N Universidad de Alcalá y Fundación Empresa Pública RESUMEN El propósito de este artículo es evaluar si la acción presupuestaria del Estado español favoreció la industrialización. En la España contemporánea los gobiernos han abusado de la reglamentación económica, mientras que no han suministrado los bienes públicos y preferentes. La frecuencia de los déficit presupuestarios y su financiación inflacionista tampoco favorecieron el crecimiento económico. Contrariamente, hasta la reforma tributaría de 1978 el régimen tributario liberal estableció una baja presión fiscal, y favoreció el ahorro, la inversión y el empleo, con el fin de impulsar la industrialización. ABSTRACT This article analyzes the extent to which fiscal policy has contríbuted to the industrialization of Spain over the last two centuries. Spanish govemments have traditionally placed excessive emphasis on policies of economic regulation but at the same time, they have failed to provide a suitable level of merit and public goods. Recurrent budget déficits were alvk^ays financed by inflationaiy means, which did nothing to promote economic growth. In clear contrast with public expenditures, the system of taxation which prevailed until 1978, meant that there was not much of a tax burden. This allowed for a level of savings, and potential investment, which was conducive to industrialization. 1. LA R E L...
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...1 Preliminary draft The First Global Emerging Markets Investor: Foreign & Colonial Investment Trust 1880-1913 David Chambers and Rui Esteves∗ September 2011 Abstract: The Foreign and Colonial Investment Trust (FCIT) is the oldest surviving closed end fund in the world today. Its early success was related to its identification of a missing market, namely, the provision of a wholesale diversified investment vehicle for the investing public. Whilst much research has been conducted on aggregate international capital flows in this period, little work has been undertaken on the prime investment institutions. This micro-study seeks to fill this gap by undertaking detailed quantitative analysis of the leading investment trust investing widely in emerging markets during the first era of financial globalisation before WWI. The history of this flagship investment trust over more than three decades up to 1913 provides an insight into the relative success of this institutional innovation as well as into the risk and returns of investing in global emerging markets over a century ago. ∗ David Chambers (d.chambers@jbs.cam.ac.uk) is at Judge Business School, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1AG, United Kingdom. Rui Esteves (rui.esteves@economics.ox.ac.uk) is at the Dept of Economics, Oxford University, Manor Rd Building, Oxford OX1 3UQ, United Kingdom. We thank Foreign and Colonial for access to their archives...
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