...As transportation in America has continued to evolve and expand in America the transportation policy has lacked the same evolvement and growth. Faced with an ever growing population and an economy that depends on transportation more than ever, American transportation network is based on a policy that has not been significantly updated since the 1950’s. With a policy that is so out of date it has become increasingly hard to secure funding to maintain and build new roads, this is where the issue of federalism arrives. Working with the federal, state and local government there has to be a solution to the transportation policy. The Transportation Policy as we know it today started as the Interstate program according to Shirayanagi, H., & Kitamura, Y. (2011) “in 1956 also called the 1956 Federal-Aid Highway Act, appropriated $25 billion (about $197 billion in 2009 dollars) to build 41,000 miles of multi-lane, limited access highways.” (p.253) While it was done to connect states and make it easier for economic center to connect it helped develop travel within cities themselves. These highways were built with 90 percent federal funding the only problem was that the local government did not get any money to improve the transportation systems. Fast-forward to August 2005 according to Shirayanagi, H., & Kitamura, Y. (2011) “ the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: (SAFETEA-LU) which is our current transportation policy signed by President George W. Bush...
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...Performance and as well number of nodes which can be added in such topology is depended on capacity of central device. Fully Meshed Topology: Advantages 1) Data can be transmitted from different devices simultaneously. This topology can withstand high traffic. 2) Even if one of the components fails there is always an alternative present. So data transfer doesn’t get affected. 3) Expansion and modification in topology can be done without disrupting other nodes. Disadvantages 1) There are high chances of redundancy in many of the network connections 2) Overall cost of this network is extremely high 3) The set-up and maintenance is very difficult Partially Meshed Topology: * What are the pros and cons of using multiprotocols in a network? Explain in detail. Some pros are that it can: Improve Uptime – by sending data over an alternative path in less than 50 milliseconds (if one exists). MPLS also reduces the amount of manual intervention your network provider has to do to create a WAN, reducing the likelihood of human error bringing down your circuit. Create Scalable IP...
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... |Title |Page no | |1 |ABSTRACT |2 | |2 |INTRODUCTION |3 | |3 |VARIOUS MODELS PROPOSED BY GERMAN GOVERNMENT |3-4 | |4 | |4-5 | | |PROS AND CONS OF TOLL SYSTEM IN GERMANY | | |5 |CONCLUSION |6 | |6 |REFERENCES |7 | ABSTRACT Due to the financial crisis in constructing infrastructure and maintenance for autobahns,...
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...pros and cons In today is society, it is a common sight to see more and more people using public transport. For many, this is a way to protect environment and relax during the way to an office. But there is a concern about crimes when public transport gets overcrowded. In this essay, I will discuss about both sides, following by what I think is right. Let is begin by looking at the upsides of using public transport. An increment of the number of passengers choosing buses, trolley cars and bullet trains means there will be a reduction of emissions and gases. Therefore, the air will be fresher and the global’s environment is protected. Another advantage is you have more time to relax. Instead of driving yourself to a company, a driver will do that for you. While sitting on a chair, you can entertain by listen to music, read a book or even sleep in case of you have busy works the previous day. Turning to the other side of the argument, crimes are a major problem. Many people think it is difficult to avoid pickpockets and robbers when board buses or trams. In the rush hour, a large number of passengers try to get in public transport as fast as possible is a big chance for those criminals. Although you know those are around, there is no way to keep your belongings safety while everybody is hurrying and trying to push, pull, break the queue. As a result, neither you board the bus nor keep the belongings. To sum up, using public transport is either good or bad choice depends...
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...------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Bottom of Form | RSS | | * 0 items - £0.00 * Economics Help * Blog * UK economy stats * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * A Level Blog * Shop * Ask question You are here: Home > Economics help blog > Pros and Cons of Mergers Pros and Cons of Mergers by Tejvan Pettinger on February 22, 2012 in economics A look at the pros and cons of mergers. Are mergers in the public interest or are mergers just beneficial for top executives and shareholders? When looking at mergers it is important to look at the subject on a case by case basis as each merger has a different possible benefits and costs. These are the most likely advantages and disadvantages of a merger. Pros 1. Network Economies. In some industries, firms need to provide a national network. This means there are very significant economies of scale. A national network may imply the most efficient number of firms in the industry is one. For example, when T-Mobile merged with Orange in the UK, they justified the merger on the grounds that: “The ambition is to combine both the Orange and T-Mobile networks, cut out duplication, and create a single super-network. For customers it will mean bigger network and better coverage, while reducing the number of stations and sites – which is good for cost...
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...Pros and Cons of Economic Growth Fostering economic growth remains at the heart of any national government’s agenda. As such, governments have embraced numerous strategies aimed at promoting economic growth, such as forging alliances, signing business treaties, and becoming members to business alliances. Economic growth refers to an increase in a country’s real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) or the value of the country’s national expenditure or output. While increasing economic growth has several advantages to the nation and inhabitants of the nation, it has its fair share of disadvantages. Conversely, economics is a social science that studies the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services. The focus of this essay is on the pros, as well as the cons of economic growth. Pros of Economic Growth There are numerous benefits of economic growth. Firstly, economic growth results in improved public services. A growing economy provides its government with more tax revenue, which, in turn, is used for the provision of welfare services. Economic growth is seen in terms of flourishing businesses and individuals, which provides channels for taxation. The revenue accrued from tax is used by the governments to provide social services, such as health and education. For instance, countries that have high levels of economic growth, such as the United States, offer social services like health and food stamps. Secondly, economic growth results in the investment in green...
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...Plea Bargaining Paper Daniel Herrera CJA/224 Introduction to Criminal Courts Dr. Beverly Spencer 9/1/2014 Plea Bargaining Paper Plea bargaining is one of the most important pieces of criminal court proceedings that can occur. Plea bargaining is that chance in which a defendant can choose to not be punished or charged as harshly as they should be. Plea bargaining is a very common thing used within the courthouse and even though it can be good for an individual it can also be bad if not completely understood. The thing with a plea bargain is that at any time a judge can overthrow a bargain and still send the case through strenuous court hours. Plea bargaining is however very important because over ninety percent of all criminal cases are built and completed due to plea bargaining. Plea bargaining can be defined as an agreement between a prosecutor and a defendant whereby the defendant is allowed to plead guilty to a lesser charge rather than risk conviction for a graver crime in order to avoid a protracted trial or to win the defendant’s cooperation as a witness (“Plea Bargaining”, 2014). Now a plea bargain can mean everything to nothing towards a case. The prosecution would use these types of bargains for leverage against the defendant. What is meant by this is that the defendant can be offered to give a testimony of the events which can eventually lead into a charge and conviction into a higher profiled case. This is the case most of the time; usually the prosecution...
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...protecting the environment constitutes a net expense to our economy. The popular wisdom these days is that environmental concerns have faded from the political radar screen because of the recession. 4. To the extent that environmental concerns have faded in economics hard times, and they have, it is a reflection of the fact that most of the public and most of the leadership still believes that protecting the environment represents spending money rather than saving it, represents consumption rather than investment. 5. Living in the city or the country (rural), both has its pros and cons. So it depends on the individual. 6 City living have more conveniences and everything you could possibly want is more easily attainable. The cons are the traffic congestion, the lack of housing, the noise, and air pollution. 7. Rural living has cleaner air, slower pace of life, and the friendliness of the community. The cons of living in rural areas are no fast foods or movie theaters close by. Or to have better hospital care available and that it would be nice to get quicker responses from police and fire departments. 8. Global climate is and will have an effect on our lives. Our health is in danger due to the warming change with fewer cold-related deaths and more heat-related summer deaths and skin cancers. 9. I think what makes this issue an argumentative claim is because the issue of the quality of life is a very important claim in viewing the argument about the points...
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.............................................................. 3 County Map for Scenario A ......................................................................................................... 4 Urban Map for Scenario B .......................................................................................................... 5 . County Map for Scenario B ......................................................................................................... 6 Urban Map for Scenario C .......................................................................................................... 7 . County Map for Scenario C ......................................................................................................... 8 Pros and Cons Summary Table ................................................................................................. 11 2. Urban Form ............................................................................................................................... 21 Issues to Consider for Future .................................................................................................... 21 Review of Scenarios...
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...1.1 Convergence Data centers use different network fabrics to meet the quality of service require- ments of different workload types. There are three main workload types, namely, general networking traffic, storage traffic, and inter-processor traffic. General net- working traffic is handled by Ethernet, storage traffic is handled by Fibre Channel (FC), and inter-processor traffic is handled by Infiniband (IB). Each network fabric is designed to meet the throughput and latency requirements of its workload. Gen- eral networking traffic is very mixed and includes web traffic along with email and socket applications, so there are few quality of service requirements. Storage traffic between storage devices and servers requires high I/O rates, high capacity and non- disruptive data delivery. Inter-processor traffic requires low latency. General network traffic does not have stringent latency requirements and is not drastically impacted by packet loss. Storage and inter-processor traffic have low latency requirements and require guaranteed delivery of packets. Figure 1-1 shows an example of a converged datacenter. Unfortunately there is a major down-side to having several fabrics in a single data 1Figure 1-1: Converged Datacenter center. There is a high cost to managing and maintaining the various fabrics in a data center. Having several fabrics in a single data center results in high heat generation due to additional heat generating hardware as well as reduced air...
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...bonds and their purpose is to fund municipal projects, such as housing, hospitals, lighting systems, parking ramps, stadiums, factories, sewer systems, and dozens of other community enterprises. Revenue bonds are municipal bonds that finance income-producing projects. The income generated by these projects pays revenue bondholders their interest and principal. Projects funded by revenue bonds serve only those in the community who pay for their services. (Morning star) From the perspective of the mayor of Philadelphia. PROS * Sports serve as a municipal amenity that can create social capital and improve the quality of life * New stadiums usually require more employees and this creates jobs in the stadium and in local shops, restaurants, hotels, and in the transportation industry. * New stadiums can be used as a marketing tools and can help revitalize downtrodden neighborhoods or city centers, attracting tourism and business investment. CONS * Money spent in local...
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...When automobiles industry popularizes a technique of producing vehicles, and falls its cost, nowadays, an increasing number of people can afford to purchase a private car. Consequently, a challenge of excess cars on roads ensues. In virtually all cities, traffic congestion occurs every single day at the peak time. However, it is generally believed that this problem can be managed through governmental policies as well as individual behavior. The following essay will firstly outline three viable solutions, namely developments from taxes and road infrastructure, improvements in public transport services, and a decrease in the use of private automobiles, to solve the impact of traffic jams in most cities. It, furthermore, will discuss the pros and cons of each countermeasure. Finally, the evaluation of every method will be demonstrated. To begin with governmental policies, one possible method of reducing traffic congestion is to raise road pricing and to expand road infrastructure. Castle (1967) notes that charging fees on the main road at the rush hours can cut down a number of automobiles effectively because people do not want to spend extra money. Additionally, according to ideas of road pricing (Castle 1967) and park restrictions (Knoflacher 2006), it is believed that as long as governments impose road or parking fees, the usage of roads at the peak time can be reduced in metropolis, such as Singapore as well as London, and further authorities are able to spend the taxes from...
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...compares and contrasts the pros and cons points between the public and private transport. Firstly, i will describe the advantage and disadvantage in public transport. There are many advantages in public transport, the first point, the public transport, such as buses, traines, subways and trams are cheaper then private transport and another point, the public transport in the larg cities is more comfortable, for instance, it will be no traffic jams, the last important point, the public transportation vehicles are more environmentally friendly then private transport. However, there are also some disadvantage in public transport, first of all, the public transport only stops at designated places, next point, there is less privecy then cars, as well as, sometimes in public transport there is not insured a seat, which may be full. secondly, i will describe the advantage and disadvantage in privat transport. There are several points of advantage in private transport, for exampel, cars. The main point, the private transport more comfortable because people are alone in their private cars. Another benefit of driving your own car that you can park exactly where you want, also, private transport can also follow a more direct path than public transport. On other hand, there is a number of disadvantage. First, you have to pay for gas, parking, a mechanic, tolls and other costs and if everyone uses their own cars, there would be a traffic congestion and pollution in the environment...
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...Labor Relations Team D MGT/434 February 14, 2016 Charles Burr Labor Relations Into Happy Trails, LLS is a for-profit, medium-sized independent living home that is in need of a few measures to become more attractive for patients. Despite other independent living having the same care as Happy Trails, they are actually the most convenient independent living home facility near the city due to traffic and road congestion. Happy Trails will now need to build on to their long term care and to do this they will have to undergo some budget cuts. They have since reduced the overtime of their staff and have let go of their registered nurses. When the registered nurses left Happy Trails, they were replaced by Licensed Practical Nurses who don't get paid as much and get fewer benefits. These nurses are now thinking of joining a union that is also representing other independent living homes in the city. As members of a consulting firm, the LPN's and Happy Trails are now asking for advice. The Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs) at Happy Trails, LLC seem a little uncomfortable with them doing the same job in the suburbs as all the other companies, from the same industry, located within the city, yet Happy Trail’s LPNs receive less pay, and less benefits. It is not recommended for Happy Trails’ employees to unionize, because it is a company that because of the demographical location that it currently is in, cannot afford to pay, or compensate, more to the employees...
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...Demand 1. On 21 November 2009, the Thai Government approved £3.5 billion for railway infrastructure development (2010-2015). 2. In addition to the main railway network development, projects are on-going to expand existing mass rapid transit lines and to build new lines for Bangkok. 3. Over the next 20 years, Thailand also plans to invest £14.5 billion in high speed trains. New projects • Red Line (Bangsue-Rangsit) - The project is an overhead-electrified commuter train with a total length of 26.3 km of which 7.1 km are at grade and 19.2 km are elevated and 8 stations. • Airport Rail Link Expansion – The project is to extend the route from Phyathai Station to Don Mueng Airport to link with Suvarnabhumi Airport and to expand from Suvarnabhumi Airport to Pattaya City. • Purple Line (Tao Poon-Ratburana) - This project is an extension of the Purple Line between Bangsue and Bangyai (under construction). It comprises approximately 20 km of 13.2 km underground and 6.8 km elevated metro rail, 11 underground stations and 5 elevated stations. • Green Line Extensions (Baring-Samutprakarn, Mo Chit-Sapan Mai) - This extension to the existing Green Line (Sukhumvit Line) comprising approximately 25 km of elevated structure, 21 stations, depot and park & ride. • Blue Line Extension - This extension to the existing underground system comprise 22 km elevated and 5 km underground metro system with 17 stations, including 4 underground stations. • Orange Line -This is a new line...
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