...Shaunase’ Stallings Hope Hogan DATE \@ "MMMM d, y" November 18, 2013 Vaccine Debate Paper The doctors of today use vaccines to give an artificial immunity to certain pathogens. A vaccine is a weakened or dead pathogen injected into the body. Vaccines are used to expose our immune systems to pathogens so we can create memory cells. When a pathogen from a vaccine is injected into the body the our primary immune response still takes place so this is how we make memory cells. These memory cells will be ready to fight the pathogen if it ever reappears. Vaccines have become apart of our everyday fight against pathogens. Now even though a vaccination shot stings/hurts there are many pros or benefits for getting a vaccine. For example vaccines can eradicate disease while preventing serious illness or death. Vaccinated children have been proven to have lesser symptoms than those of unvaccinated children. Vaccines have caused a decrease in epidemics like the bubonic plague and pandemics like the swine flu. The costs of vaccinations are inexpensive compared to treating diseases after you get them. The best thing about vaccinations is that you don’t have to experience the full symptoms of the disease to gain immunity. While there are many pros to getting a vaccination there are also a few cons. For example before 1999 the vaccines had mercury in them which has been proved to be a neurotoxin to infants. Vaccine immunity might not be as effective as natural immunity. Maybe all...
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...First and foremost, where exactly did the vaccine concept form and originated? As I summarize a brief history of vaccinations from an article written by author Zielinski which begins emphasizing on how it was two long millennia ago when it was recognized by China or India. Then realized people who are infected and suffered from disease expected nothing but death but instead recover. Along with that logic, It wasn't too long until science took notice the only method is to infect oneself with a limited amount of the infectious disease and let's just say hoping the body can become immune to it. As the year's progress, it wasn't until an English physician of the name Edward Jenner who discovers a vaccine based from a particular infection called...
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...In the reading “Immunized against addiction” the main issue that face society on the topic of drugs and the treatment is the fact that many debate about the addiction being a disease or a “bad behavior that should be punished. The immunization that they discussed in the reading involves first time human tests of a cocaine vaccine. The cons and pros to the break-though are discussed, but one of the main positives is the fact that society will start understanding how addiction is a disease that changes the way the brain functions. Although, there are a few limitations to how far these vaccinations can help users with their addiction such as; users not being able to get the high they crave, treatment may take too long for users to handle and many...
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...To Vaccinate or Not to Vaccinate: Childhood Vaccinations Walden University Allison B. Neal 2/13/2015 NURS 6051 For this assignment I will be looking at the debate on childhood immunizations and the pros and cons of this controversial topic. My target audience would be young adults to middle aged parents and expecting parents. As a mother of two myself I strongly believe in vaccinations as both of my children have been vaccinated and I feel that by not doing this you could not only be harming your children but societies children as well. I am well aware of the ongoing debate that vaccinations may be linked to causing some autism disorders and will briefly touch base on that as well. Disease is real and can potentially be very serious and even fatal. When talking about diseases and how vaccines help prevent this does not include the common cold, most stomach bugs, and similar viruses and diseases that the body can fight off with proper nutrition and rest. Chronic and acute disease the body cannot fight off without outside help. This help could be antibiotics, vaccinations or other forms of treatments. It’s essential that our bodies build up immunities to chronic diseases some argue this should be done naturally or through specialized manufactured ones. According to the source article, vaccinations are used to prevent a number of serious diseases concurrently, and utilize dead or weakened bacteria or viruses to create immunity in the body (Morningstar, 2009). Although...
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...There has been much debate in the media recently about whether or not to vaccinate your children. As a mother, it’s not something I ever gave much thought to, it was always just a part of the upbringing of my children that I would have them fully vaccinated, so I decided to do a little research on the pros and cons of childhood vaccinations. The first website that I chose to look at was Australian Vaccinaton-Skeptics Network www.avn.org,au This website has been up and running since 1994, and provides links to the latest news stories in regards to vaccinations, however, I found the latest news story they provided was from 30/01/2014. They are a membership run organisation who campaign for better research, better safety and support for people who have been negatively affected by vaccine use. I found that this site was aimed at being ‘pro-choice’. They gave information about making an informed choice when it came to vaccinations. They provided detailed information about a wide range of vaccinations, such as HPV, Influenza, Polio and Meningitis. www.avn.org/vaccination-information/ I also found that vaccinations are not compulsory in Australia, something that I was not aware of, and that you can have your doctor sign a ‘conscientious objection form’ in order to be exempt and still be entitled to government benefits and child care rebates. They also provide a wide range of external links in order to gain further information. They gave a list of government links, natural health...
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...Vaccinations protect from nasty diseases, but the antiimmunisation voice is getting louder. Introduction Whilst some, or all of us, hate getting needles jabbed in us, it is sometimes necessary so we don’t get sick, or worse, die. There are terrible diseases i.e. Rubella, Polio, Whooping Cough, out there which we try to avoid. Vaccinations may help prevent getting them. Though we get immunised, we still need to be careful in making a well informed decision on behalf of this we love and care about. It is still possible to contract the disease we were vaccinated against, as in the case of chicken pox, where a person can come down with a slight case of it. We will look at the pros and cons of the immunisation debate and understand the benefit of proper decision making when deciding to get immunised. Body It is thought that vaccinations can help stop, and even get rid of, nasty diseases. It is reported that “Polio, for example, was eliminated in the United States by 1979 after widespread vaccination efforts” - as quoted from historyofvaccines.org. But while some people vaccinate their children, others do not. (Research from the National Health Performance Authority has found 77,000 Australian children are not fully immunised. As reported by Amy Simmons for ABC News. April 2013) In numerous parts of the world, it is thought that people need vaccines to stop the spread of disease. While some countries aren’t plagued with deadly diseases, there are some countries that...
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...in a global village. Modern technology has greatly improved people's lives through different fields such as medicine, work, education, industry as well as warfare. However, we cannot say that technology is all good in itself. It is a two-edged sword and we have to see to what extent it has really helped improved people's standard of living. Technology based on life science has been of a great help in the field of medicine. This technology has led to many useful applications such as X-rays and shots among others. X-rays help in showing cavities and shots may prevent mumps and measles. With modern technology, it is possible to keep looking for new drugs and even organ transplant has been facilitated through technology. Pasteurization, vaccination and many more life-saving discoveries are all thanks to modern technology. With modern technology, we are living in an era of industrialization and modernization. This has shown man the labor-saving machines which can work better and more efficiently than man. Machines are now doing the job of man and the labor force has been considerably reduced since a machine can do the job of several people at a time. This has given man more leisure time and has freed him of working continuously for several hours. Man now has more time for his family and for relaxing himself. Mechanization, which has been due to technology, has improved man's life by giving him more time to recognize himself in this modern world. Technology has always influenced...
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...immunizing their children. In this debate that has continued for years, non-vaccinating parents believe that by forcing them to vaccinate or not allowing them to go to school is a violation of the child’s human rights. But vaccinating parents believe that by other parents choosing not to vaccinate they are trampling on the rights of others and putting them at a greater risk of contracting diseases. The way vaccines work is by creating immunity to diseases by injecting a small amount of a weakened germ into a body where it attacks it as if it were a real virus. The body begins to build antibodies to the germ; and later when the body is attacked by the same, or a similar germ, the body remembers it and is able to protect the body from another infection (Elana Pearl Ben-Joseph, 2010). Though vaccines carry risks, refusing vaccinations puts others at risk as well, and the dangers of not vaccinating are far more hazardous than those caused from vaccinating. Churches, Public Opinions, and Advocacy Groups are just three of the community structures that can influence the public health and a parent’s opinion to vaccinate. Many parents choose not to vaccinate due to religious or cultural beliefs. American Indians are one group that is known for abstaining from vaccinations. In recent years the United States has seen a rise in political organizations like Thinktwice Global Vaccine Institute who advocate educating parents on the pros and cons of vaccinations. Thinktwice supplies parents with...
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...its products, or a synthetic substitute, treated to act as an antigen without inducing the disease. What is the purpose of Vaccinations? To produce immunity. Immunity means the presence in a person's body of cells and substances known as antibodies that can produce a protective immune response. How does it work? Most vaccines contain a little bit of a disease germ that is weak or dead. Vaccines do NOT contain the type of germ that makes you sick. Some vaccines do not contain any germs. Having this little bit of the germ inside your body makes your body's defense system build antibodies to fight off this kind of germ. Antibodies help trap and kill germs that could lead to disease. Your body can make antibodies in two ways: by getting the disease or by getting the vaccine. Getting the vaccine is a much safer way to make antibodies without having the suffering of the disease itself and the risk of becoming disabled or even dying. Antibodies stay with you for a long time. They remember how to fight off the germ. If the real germ that causes this disease (not the vaccine) enters your body in the future, your defense system knows how to fight it off. Often, your defense system will remember how to fight a germ for the rest of your life. Sometimes, your defense system needs a booster shot to remind it how to fight off this germ Pros of Vaccinations 1. Vaccines can save children's lives. The American Academy of Pediatrics states that "most childhood vaccines are 90%-99%...
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...and can be prevented by vaccinations. However, if a child is untreated then the likelihood of contracting an untreated disease is greater. Diseases are so simple and easy to catch, every day there are thousand upon thousands of people who travel globally each day. There are reports of outbreaks around the world with more than 200 international destinations scientist are regularly reporting new disease. The mumps, whooping cough, and measles are all making a comeback due to the lack of vaccinations (cdc.gov). By vaccinating your children from new diseases, it betters the chances of not being sickened by the disease. Another benefit from vaccinating your child is the time and money you save. Vaccines lessen a number of sick days your child has, which means people need to take time off of work to care for an ill child. The medical amount is less than the overall cost to support a long-term sickness. Also, the Patient Protection and the Affordable Care Act make vaccines available to children and adults without copay (ProCon.org). By making vaccines affordable and not time-consuming, this should increase the amount of vaccine protected children, giving everyone the opportunity to...
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...Have you ever used Purell hand sanitizer? Have you ever used Herbal Essence, Pantene, Coppertone, or Dove products? Have you ever used a Band-Aid? If you answered yes to any of these questions, then you have consumed a product that has been tested on animals. Animal testing is a phrase that many people may come into contact with, but are unsure of what it really means. Some individuals have very misguided notions of what they believe it is. They think it deals with torturing helpless animals. What is animal testing? It is the use of non-human animals in experiments and lab settings. Now that you know that those brands use animal testing and have a better understanding of what animal testing is, do you vow to stop using those products because you are strongly against animal experimentation? If you answered yes, then you’re also going to have to stop using Clearasil, Crest, Febreeze, Neutrogena, Tide, and a ton of other merchandises. In the interest of preserving human health and progress, government should continue to allow strictly monitored and regulated animal testing because it is the best alternative to human testing, is essential for safety reasons, and is beneficial to advancing biological and medical knowledge Don’t be fooled when products claim to be “cruelty free” or “not tested on animals”, because although this claim may refer to the final product, many of the ingredients have in fact been tested on animals. Animal testing has been and will probably...
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... There are fourteen vaccine-preventable diseases that are considered potentially serious and have been routinely vaccinated against; these are: Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Meningococcal, Rotavirus, Diptheria, Tetanus, Pertussis (Whooping Cough), Polio, Hepatitis A and B, Pneumococcal disease, Varicella (Chicken Pox), and Haemophilus Influenza Type B (HIB disease). Not long ago, these diseases disabled and killed millions of American children but because of the United States high compliance with childhood immunization schedules, these diseases have now become very uncommon (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2015). Immunization is a subject that evokes very strong opinions in the public and usually creates a lot of debate as to their efficacy, safety, and reliability. The main questions parents have to answer are whether to immunize or not, and do the risks of the disease outweigh the risks of the vaccine. To condense, some normal advantages of being immunized are the entire eradication of specific illnesses, the prevention of epidemics and a decline in the...
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...own citations and references since WritePoint capability in this area is limited. NOTE: WritePoint comments are computer-generated writing and grammar suggestions inviting the consideration and analysis of the writer; they are not infallible statements of right/wrong, and they should not be used as grading elements. Also, at present, WritePoint cannot detect quotations or block-quotes, so comments in those areas should be ignored. Please see the other helpful writing resources in the Tutorials and Guides section of the Center for Writing Excellence. Thank you for using WritePoint. Pros & Cons of Gmos Throughout history, scientific research and the exploration of new technologies always have been areas of extreme controversy and heated debate. This is attributed that they touch upon and affect many aspects of people’s lives, not to mention their direct interference with political, social, and religious matters. One of the latest and most ferociously debated technologies the scientific community has offered humanity, is the technology of Genetically Modified Organisms and in particular genetically modified foods. A Genetically Modified food is crop plant modified in a laboratory using molecular biology techniques - the goal of producing an organism with specific traits for various reasons. Therefore only logical, given its nature...
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...Debate on the Ethics of AIDS Vaccines Administration without Knowledge of Long-Term Side Effects? Debate on the Ethics of AIDS Vaccines Administration without Knowledge of Long-Term Side Effects? I. Introduction (Jessica and Chrystal) A. Why this topic is important? i. AIDS is a pandemic ii. B. Implications i. AIDS vaccine could potentially save billions of lives ii. . C. Objectives of the assignment. i. Identify a health care ethical issue ii. Present facts in an outline format. iii. Describe the pros and cons of the issue including an analysis. iv. Follow APA 6th formatting. II. Literature Review A. Review of the key articles on this topic (5 per team member). i. HIV/AIDS- Ethical/Legal Issues (Arora & Arora, 2009). This article … ii. AIDS Vaccines and Reproductive Immunology (Bourinbaiar, Jirathitikal, Silin, Nian-Qing & Abulafia-Lapid, 2007). This article… iii. Correlates of negative intent to receive an AIDS vaccine: an exploratory study (Crosby, Holtgrave, Bryant, & Frew, 2004). iv. AIDS Care (AIDS CARE), Dhalla S; Nelson KE; Singer J; Poole G. (2009). This article describe how developing an HIV vaccines may contribute to participants better follow-ups and may improve the patient’s knowledge and education regarding HIV/AIDS. v. Development of an AIDS...
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...ECONOMICS _____________________________________________________________________________________ WEEK 1: HOW ECONOMISTS THINK * What are preferences? Preferences refer to all of the objectives an individual wants to achieve that might motivate a choice among a set of alternatives. * What does it mean for an individual’s preferences to be rational? Please explain the concepts of costs and benefits and the reasoning process used by a rational individual. A rational individual will try to make the best possible use of his/her scarce resources, usually choosing an activity that has the highest utility. Rational preferences possess 2 properties, which are completeness and transitivity. Completeness means that choices can be ranked in an order of preference. For instance, an individual will have a preference when faced with two choices. Transitivity means actions can be compared with other actions. As an example, if action a is preferred to b, and action b is preferred to c, then a is preferred to c. A benefit is the maximum unit of currency amount you would be willing to pay to do x, while the cost is the value of all the resources you must give up in order to do x. The cost-benefit approach to decisions states that an individual should do an activity x if the benefit exceeds the cost. Relating to cost, in the process of coming up with a decision, a rational individual will take into account opportunity costs and ignore sunk costs. * New theories argue that...
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