...Family and States Responsibility to the People In Herbert Spencer’s, The Man versus the State, Spencer states “family ethics and state ethics must be maintained; and that while generosity must be the essential principle of the one, justice must be the essential principle of the other,” (278). Doing so, Spencer basically says family ethics produces offspring and give the individual a sense of value as a person, while state ethics gives individuals a value for their skills. This is important because it is essential to know that the two ethics are distinct principles that correlate with one another. Although they are separate, it is important that the family and the state work for the greater good of the community. While the family is responsible for generosity and kindness, the state also has a responsibility in maintaining social justice. Furthermore, Spencer states, “ Don’t tell me that milk of human kindness is to be reserved for the relations between individuals and the government must be the administrators of hard justice,” (279), pointing out that the state must help citizens in need of financial and social support. This is important because it explains the importance of state-funded welfare and wellness programs, which are still prevalent in society today. Spencer’s reasoning also correlates with Rousseau’s statement that man feel empathy toward one another. Locke also believes that the reason for government is for people to protect themselves. If the government is only...
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...The New Founders of America invite you to celebrate your annual right to Purge. The Purge: Anarchy, the sequel to the summer 2013 no. 1 box office hit The Purge, is the next terrifying chapter of citizens fulfilling their duty of their country's yearly 12 hours of anarchy. The Purge: Anarchy tells the story of three groups of people who are all trying to survive Purge Night, when their stories intertwine and are left stranded in the midst of The Purge trying to survive the chaos and violence that occurs. The Purge: Anarchy is set in Los Angeles on March 21, 2023, one year after the previous film. The Purge is a day before the spring equinox. Spring is a symbol for rebirth or cleansing, which is the purpose of The Purge. At a point in the movie it mentions 2023 as the sixth annual purge in the USA. This establishes 2018 as the first purge. The concept of The Purge is almost ingenious if you do not ponder the consequences for too long. All crime is legal for 12 consecutive hours starting at 7:00 pm and ending at 7:00 am. This sequel follows a few different stories that eventually intersect, but everything in the film revolves around a man named Leo Barnes. Leo is looking for retribution for his son’s death and expects to get his much needed vengeance this very night. Eva Sanchez struggles to make ends meet working at a diner and attempting to pay for her father’s medicine. She hopes to barricade herself in her apartment in the middle of the projects to survive...
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...The concept of the Purge, for as immoral as it appears to be on-screen, has turned out to be one of the most clever film ideas in recent memory. Without delving into the highly volatile politics of the matter – one in which a single day essentially defines a county, this is a franchise that, if nothing else, stand out as a significant alternative to some of the more generic horror-themed films on the market. While The Purge saga isn’t necessarily horror-centric by trait, it follows the same premise as Halloween, Friday the 13th or any slasher movie. You might even call it Saw with a license to kill. And, even though it’s agreeable that The Purge films, like nearly every horror franchise, has become repetitive – that doesn’t change the fact...
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...their own group of people they follow their ideas. A movie that has a simple connection with this year’s elections would be, The Purge: Election Year. Basically, two candidates are running against each, Senator Charlie Roan and Minister Edwidge Owens. Charlie is against the annual purge, but on the other hand Edwidge is not. Some people are on the...
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...A man born Josef Vissarionvich Djugashivili, in Gori, Georgia, on December 18, 1878 would have a profound impact on the Soviet Union throughout his time as supreme leader (Brent, 2008, pg 8). Born the son of a Georgian shoemaker, he was always reading and studying hard which earned him a scholarship to the Theological seminary in Tbilisi, Georgia (Marrin, 1988, pg. 10). This man stood only five feet four inches tall and had a severely withered left arm which made his left hand nearly useless (Brent, 2008, pg. 19). While at the seminary, he became heavily involved in Marxist teachings. He led demonstrations and private meetings where he taught Marxist ideals inside the seminaries locked gates. In 1912, Josef Vissarionvich Djugashivili changed his name and became Joseph Stalin, Russia’s “Man of Steel” (Brent, 2008, pg. 72). Heavily influenced by his Marxist teachings and the mentorship of Lenin, he became the most revered and the most feared leader of the Soviet Union. Stalin became leader of the Soviet Union during hard economic times when their industries were fifty years behind other nations. Stalin implemented a series of five year plans to help bring the Soviet Union up to date with the rest of the World. Although is five year plans helped the Soviet Union industrialize quickly, they had a severe impact on his countries citizens. Stalin wanted to be the one and only leader of the Soviet Union and persecuted anyone who did not remain totally loyal to him or his philosophy...
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...any opposition, this was extended by Stalin during the early 1930s to push through the Five Year Plans, many kulaks were either killed or sent to labour camps if they refused to hand over their grain. Furthermore, a lot of workers and engineers were accused of sabotage during rapid industrialisation in the Five Year Plans and a series of show trials were put on, e.g. The Shakhty trials of 1928. However, unlike Stalin, Lenin and other Communists had stressed the importance of having a distinction of the methods used to deal with opposition from outside the party and within the party. There was a clear understanding the terror should not be used on party comrades, however Stalin unleashed complete terror within the Party in the form of the Purges. Rapid industrialisation and forced collectivisation resulted in a lot of opposition within the Communist Party. Throughout the First Five Year Plan from October 1928 to December 1932, the central party in Moscow had difficulties in getting local party members and secretaries to implement these policies and orders. Some argued about high grain collection targets, refused to identify kulaks and were reluctant to implement the degree of terror the state demanded. Therefore in December 1932, Moscow launched a chistka in order to expel party members who were not following party and state discipline, 11% of party members were expelled in 1933, 22% in 1935 and by 1936, 40,000 members had been expelled from the party. In 1932, Ryuitn circulated...
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...STALIN, THE GREAT PURGE, AND RUSSIAN HISTORY: A NEW LOOK AT THE ~EW by MARSHALL SHATZ Paper No. 305 1984 CLASS' STALIN, THE GREAT PURGE, AND RUSSIAN HISTORY: A NEW LOOK AT THE 'NEW CLASS' ~ MARSHALL SHATZ Paper No. 305 1984 Marshall S. Shatz received his B.A. from Harvard College and his M.A., Certificate of the Russian Institute, and Ph.D. from Columbia University. He edited The Essential Works of Anarchism (New York: Bantam Books, 1971; Quadrangle Books, 1972) and is the author of Soviet Dissent in Historical ¥erspective (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1980). He is Professor of History, University of Massachusetts at Boston. 1 STALIN; THE GREAT PURGE; AND RUSSIAN HIsroRY: A NEW IOOK AT '!HE • NEW CLASS' Though nearly fifty years in the past; Stalin •s Great Purge of the 1930s still loans as one of the nost enigmatic events of the twentieth century. Whether we think of the Great Purge as a IOOre or less continuous process fran the assassination of Kirov in 1934 to Ezhov's replacement by Beria as head of the secret police at the em of 1938; or limit it to the EzhoVshchina of 1937 and 1938; When the terror reached its peak; operation is astounding. the sheer nagnitude of the The nuniber of arrests; deportations; imprisonments; and lives lost in these years is impossible to measure; and attempts to do so have varied wildly. Even the lOi/est estimates; however; are staggering.l It ...
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...his personal control of the USSR. This included purging Russia of anyone who he considered a threat or disloyal, building a personality cult and the introduction of a new constitution for the USSR in 1936. In 1934, the use of purges were employed after the murder, most probably instructed by Stalin himself, of the leader of the Leningrad Communist Party, Kirov. The murder of Sergei Kirov was announced as part of a terrorist conspiracy involving Trotsky and was then used to arrest Zinoviev, who was given 10 years in prison, and Kamenev who received a 15 year sentence. This lead to an outbreak of purges by which anybody suspected of disloyalty was murdered, sent to prison camps, or put on public show trials at which they pleaded guilty to crimes that were not humanly possible. In reality, Kirov was most likely murdered by Stalin due to his higher levels of popularity and the incident at the 1934 part congress where he was tipped as a future leader. Kirov was also a critic of collectivisation and disagreed with Stalin’s style. The Communist party was the political party most damaged by the effects of these purges. 20% of the party was purged, accused of being “trostskyies”, and were arrested, shot or sentenced to hard labour. Stalin enforced these purges with the use of the emergency decrees, which gave him extra powers to the NKPD to pursue traitors and was able to legalise torture trials and eradicate the use of witnesses or appeals in treason trials. Stalin also threatened the...
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...To what extent do you consider that the October Revolution of 1917 was a key turning point in the development of modern Russia in the years 1856-1964? The October Revolution was a key turning point to some extent in the development of modern Russia. However, over the course of the years 1856-1964 there were many other turning points that took place, which can be considered to be more key to the development of modern Russia than the October Revolution was. Some of these key issues include Russia under the rule of Alexander II and the State farms introduced under the early years of Stalin. Firstly, I believe that Russia under the rule of Alexander II created some of the key turning points in terms of developing ‘modern Russia’. One of these key turning points was the reform for the emancipation of the serfs on the 19th February 1861. This was a key turning point for the development of modern Russia because it was the first sign of freedom that Russia had seen in along time and was the first step in a long process of defining modern Russia. Arthur states in Harmsworth history of the world that 23 million therefore received liberty after these reforms took place, which in my opinion was a huge step in becoming modernised. This term modernisation I think is defined by Russia trying to catch up to the economic capabilities of the west, which they were currently, know where near the standard. In terms of this the emancipation of the serfs was clearly vital in developing Russia...
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...Former king of Afghanistan, who earned the title “father of the nation” in Afghanistan’s current constitution. Educated in France, Zahir was exposed to the democratic system and Western culture. During his 40-year reign he introduced a constitutional monarchy His changes included new rights for women in voting, education, and the workforce. His reign ended in 1973 when he was deposed by his cousin, Sardar Mohammad Daoud Khan For six years, Mohammad Daoud Khan was President and Prime Minister of Afghanistan. On April 27, 1978, he overthrown by the PDPA, People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan. PDPA was a Communist party and therefore held close ties to the Soviet Union. The PDPA instituted many political and social reforms in Afghanistan, including abolishing religious and traditional customs. These reforms incensed groups of Afghans who believed in adherence to traditional and religious laws. These factions began to challenge the government so rigorously that in 1979, the Soviet Army entered Afghanistan, beginning an occupation that would last a decade. This is the historical point in The Kite Runner when Baba and Amir leave Afghanistan. Throughout the ten years of Soviet occupation, internal Muslim forces put up a resistance. Farid and his father are examples in The Kite Runner of these mujahedins or men engaged in war on the side of Islam. The United States was among the countries that supported the resistance, because of its own anti-Soviet policies. When the...
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...History 2084 Russia in War and Revolution How Can We Explain the Great Terror? The Great Terror, the watershed between Marxist-Leninism and true Stalinism, is usually defined as the period of almost indiscriminate repression spanning from the Moscow show trials of 1936-37 to the end of Yezhovchina in 1939. During the Terror hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of Russian persons were arrested, detained, deported and/or executed on the strength of orders filtered down from above, with Joseph Stalin at the apex signing the executive command. Given the cult of personality, as well as the particular style of administrative bureaucracy, that had been fostered through the decades since the revolution it would not be unreasonable to conclude superficially that Stalin had orchestrated some grand, Machiavellian operation for the inculcation of his position at the head of the Communist hierarchy. However, to do so seems incongruous with the portrait of incompetence painted by his contemporaries (the Ryutin Platform and the general indictment by Lenin[1] springing immediately to mind) and the seemingly ad hoc nature of his policy decisions[2] (specifically, his situational swings between conservatism and radicalism in the 1920's that seemed to consider the ramifications of those policies as a secondary consideration to the quelling of political dissent[3]). While it seems probable that he was apt to consolidate his influence within the Party at any opportunity, the picture of Stalin-as-Cartoon-Villain...
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...12 marker: Explain why Trotsky did not become Soviet leader in 1924 1. Personality and background (Most Significant) Some colleagues were suspicious of Trotsky because of his relatively recent Menshevik past (1903-1917) – didn’t trust, he had already left Lenin once. Trotsky had a reputation for arrogance- Didn’t show up to funeral (1924) Some were wary of Trotsky because of his earlier role in commanding the Red Army- fear, still had some control over army therefore as a leader he would be too powerful. 2. Support (Major Reason) Trotsky did not have a strong Party base of support- Stalin had acquired a number of seemingly unimportant party positions (Secretary, Lenin Enrolment- 1924) in his rise to power but when combined = insight into party and control. Other rivals, like Stalin would not easily accept him as Lenin’s successor - Z+K questioned T loyalty Triumvirate (1924 Party Congress) was gaining support, while Trotsky attacked Party bureaucracy. Link to personality– trusting of Stalin even though he had support (funeral and testament). 3. Uncertainty (Key Reason) There was general uncertainty about the leadership, mainly because Lenin had not made a clear decision and there was no official ‘post’ or mechanism in place for electing a leader Lenin’s Testament (1922) said “He is personally perhaps the most capable man in the present C.C., but he has displayed excessive self-assurance and shown excessive preoccupation with the purely administrative...
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...discussing how it happened. The congress of Victors is what I believe, enabled Stalin’s paranoia, due to the fact that the Soviets favored Sergei Kirov more by him having more votes over Stalin, as well as old soviets telling Kirov to challenge Stalin on being head of General Secretary. This made Stalin think that there were people trying to strike him out of his position, and he thought it was time to purge society of the what he believes were the ‘non-believers’ of Stalin. As his paranoia grew, the event of Kirov’s murder was the key point in him securing his power. 2 hours after event of Kirov’s murder, Stalin quickly came out with the 1st decree, which basically stated that people would be punished for any ‘serious crime’ or ‘counter revolutionary acts’. The problem with that was that it wasn’t specific enough for the people, so that they would avoid doing such acts. So basically Stalin would consider any small minor acts punishable and that they would be sent to the gulags and worked to death this is what gave Stalin the excuse to kill people, or as he would call it, purge society for the reason of that they might be traitors, or that they were involved in Kirov’s murder. in conclusion, I believe that Stalin had smartly planned out how to sort of regain his dominant power of the people and his secure position, but I also believe that he had too much power and went handled things a little...
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...Running Head: STALIN’S TERROR MACHINE Stalin’s Terror Machine There are a handful of names in modern history that are associated with the word “terror.” One of those names is Joseph Stalin. He served as the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union for a period of 30 years from 1922 until 1952. During his reign, millions perished as the result of his totalitarian terror machine. He eliminated all those who he saw as a threat, whether they were actually a threat or not. Stalin’s uses of propaganda were crucial in maintaining power. The totalitarian state controlled education; making sure that the subjects were in line with what Stalin wanted. History books were rewritten to overplay Stalin’s part in the Revolution of 1917 and his relationship with Lenin, who was a father of the revolution. Many previously printed books were banned and the new ones were censored. Stalin, just like Hitler, developed a cult of personality. Many people blindly believed everything that Stalin and the Communist Party put out. This blind belief coupled with fear gave Stalin the ability to use state terror against his own people. Many were executed and many more sent to perish in the vast emptiness of Siberia. In order to better understand state terrorism in The Soviet Union, it is important to understand what lead up to it, how and why the state used terrorism, how the international community viewed the situation, as well as what was the final outcome...
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...Essay response to: Why did Stalin implement forced Industrialization, Collectivized Agriculture, and the Terror in the Soviet Union? Why did many Soviet peoples cooperate in this “Stalin Revolution,” despite the violence, cruelty, and tremendous sacrifices involved? Joseph Jughashvili (1878 – 1953), later known as Joseph Stalin believed that industrialization was necessary in order to create a true proletariat class so a true communist revolution could occur. Stalin and true Marxists believed that only through a modern industrialized economy could a true proletariat class be developed. Additionally, Stalin believed that the Soviet Union was “backward” and behind in the times and had to catch up with the rest of the world, otherwise the Nation would be conquered. Stalin made this clear when he said, “we are fifty or a hundred years behind the advanced countries. Either we do it, or they crush us” (Perry, 193). In doing so, Stalin brought about sweeping changes of economic reform. While Vladimir Lenin’s New Economic Policy (NEP) was successful in returning agricultural harvests to prewar levels, by the late 1920’s, Stalin sided with the critics of Lenin’s NEP in that the Soviet Union could not catch up with other industrialized countries by relying on taxes from peasant farmers (Coffin/Stacey, 908). In 1927, Stalin implemented the first five-year plan, which he referred to as the “revolution from above” and called for a command economy (McKay et al., 907). The five-year...
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