...Substance Abuse and Psychosis in Adolescents Over the past several decades, the U.S. population has grown significantly and continues to do so at a rapid pace. The most recent U.S. Census Bureau figures estimate that the population in the United States is currently nearing 304,800,000. Of this tremendous number, approximately one quarter are children under that age of eighteen years and over 40 million are adolescents (U.S. Census Bureau, 2001a). For the purpose of this examination, we will define adolescents as individuals between the ages of ten and eighteen years, although it is important to keep in mind that there are many different definitions and understandings of adolescents, most of which are not as directly related to chronological age (Santrock, 2001). Adolescents are a very special population because these are often the years in which childhood and adulthood become blurred, roles, expectations and needs change, as well as significant physical and psychological growth. As we also know, experimentation is often characteristic of adolescence and this experimentation can be physical, sexual or philosophical; all of which may possibly lead to drug use. This paper seeks to examine the question of whether or not drug abuse is related to psychosis in adolescents. Literature Review Adolescent Drug Use According to a national study in 2006, over 60 percent of reported that drugs were used, kept and sold on their school campuses on a regular basis. ...
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...Trafficking in the United States 7/7/15, 10:49 AM Almanac of Policy Issues Home : Policy Archive : Search Sponsored Listings Questia: Search over 400,000 books and journals at Questia online. FastWeb Free Scholarship Search: Find free money for college or an advanced degree. U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency Added May, 2004 Almanac Search Drug Trafficking in the United States Web The illegal drug market in the United States is one of the most profitable in the world. As such, it attracts the most ruthless, sophisticated, and aggressive drug traffickers. Drug law enforcement agencies face an enormous challenge in protecting the country's borders. Each year, according to the U.S. Customs Service, 60 million people enter the United States on more than 675,000 commercial and private flights. Another 6 million come by sea and 370 million by land. In addition, 116 million vehicles cross the land borders with Canada and Mexico. More than 90,000 merchant and passenger ships dock at U.S. ports. These ships carry more than 9 million shipping containers and 400 million tons of cargo. Another 157,000 smaller vessels visit our many coastal towns. Amid this voluminous trade, drug traffickers conceal cocaine, heroin, marijuana, MDMA, and methamphetamine shipments for distribution in U.S. neighborhoods. Diverse groups traffic and distribute illegal drugs. Criminal groups operating from South America smuggle cocaine and heroin into the United States via a variety...
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...The Emerging Issue of Crystal Methamphetamine Use in First Nations Communities A Discussion Paper First Nations Centre May 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION PART I CRYSTAL METHAMPHETAMINE: WHAT IS IT? WHO USES CRYSTAL METH HOW CRYSTAL METH IS USED HOW CRYSTAL METH IS MADE HOW CRYSTAL METH AFFECTS THE BODY, MIND, RELATIONSHIPS AND THE ENVIRONMENT PART II GOVERNMENT, ORGANIZED CRIME AND THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY IN THE UNITED STATES CRYSTAL METH AND ILLEGAL DRUG STRATEGIES IN CANADA FIRST NATIONS AND CRYTAL METH TREATMENT STRATEGIES PART III TALA TOOTOOSIS’ STORY CRYSTAL METH ON THE NAVAJO NATION CONCLUSIONS APPENDIX A 1 INTRODUCTION Crystal methamphetamine 1 use among people in some First Nations communities (both in Canada and the United States) has evolved into an issue that is requiring more and more attention. Indicative of this, in July of 2005, the Assembly of First Nations (AFN) in Canada passed a resolution specifically directed at this emerging issue. 2 As a result of this resolution, the AFN has identified the need for the development of a First Nations National Task Force on Crystal Meth to develop a Strategic Action Plan to Address the Emerging issue of Crystal Meth in First Nations Communities. Generally speaking, this paper provides basic information about crystal methamphetamine as well as information that is First Nations specific. The first part of the paper discusses: what crystal meth is; who is using it;...
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...The Emerging Issue of Crystal Methamphetamine Use in First Nations Communities A Discussion Paper First Nations Centre May 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION PART I CRYSTAL METHAMPHETAMINE: WHAT IS IT? WHO USES CRYSTAL METH HOW CRYSTAL METH IS USED HOW CRYSTAL METH IS MADE HOW CRYSTAL METH AFFECTS THE BODY, MIND, RELATIONSHIPS AND THE ENVIRONMENT PART II GOVERNMENT, ORGANIZED CRIME AND THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY IN THE UNITED STATES CRYSTAL METH AND ILLEGAL DRUG STRATEGIES IN CANADA FIRST NATIONS AND CRYTAL METH TREATMENT STRATEGIES PART III TALA TOOTOOSIS’ STORY CRYSTAL METH ON THE NAVAJO NATION CONCLUSIONS APPENDIX A 1INTRODUCTION Crystal methamphetamine 1 use among people in some First Nations communities (both in Canada and the United States) has evolved into an issue that is requiring more and more attention. Indicative of this, in July of 2005, the Assembly of First Nations (AFN in Canada passed a resolution specifically directed at this emerging issue. ) f 2 As a result o this resolution, the AFN has identified the need for the development of a First Nations National Task Force on Crystal Meth to develop a Strategic Action Plan to Address the Emerging issue of Crystal Meth in First Nations Communities. ...
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...Methamphetamine rates are high both nationally and worldwide, the estimate cost to use meth- in 2005 is recorded as $23.4 billion, with the true economic burden somewhere in the range of $16.2 billion to $48.3 billion, the widespread use of this drug it has been documented that there is a significant amount of men who have sex with men who have sex with heterosexual men in the Western United states.(Semple, Strathdee, Patterson, 2010). The studies that involve hetero sexual are few however they have consistently yielded an association between methamphetamine use and high risk sexual behaviors. High risk sexual behaviors associated with methamphetamine use have been implicated in increasing rates of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (Semple, Strathdee, Patterson, 2010). Methamphetamine use also plays a role in positive life events such as celebrations or parties. Many choose to utilize methamphetamine for “celebration intoxication; which is when individuals engage in heavy drinking or use of other substances to celebrate an important life event or milestone. Sexual encounters linked to the celebration of positive events have been identified as a situational factor associated with risky sexual behaviors) Semple, Strathdee, Patterson, 2010). Since methamphetamines use enhances social...
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...FRYE v. UNITED STATES, 293 F. 1013 (D.C. Cir. 1923) ISSUE(S): Could the results of the deception test be used as evidence? FACTS: • Frye was convicted of second degree murder. • Before the trial, Frye took a deception test to prove his innocence and presented an expert witness to testify on the results. • The prosecution objected, and the court sustained the objection. • Frye argued that the opinions of experts is admissible in those cases in which the expert can clarify the issue in order for judgment to be made. HOLDING(S): Expert testimony must be based on well-recognized scientific principles, and be generally accepted in the community to which it belongs. REASONING: The deception test had not gained such standing and scientific...
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... | [hide]This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. | This article lends undue weight to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies. (December 2013) | This article is outdated. (December 2013) | This article needs additional citations for verification. (October 2014) | | | Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs | Governments of opium-producing Parties are required to "purchase and take physical possession of such crops as soon as possible" after harvest to prevent diversion into the illicit market. | Signed | 30 March 1961 | Location | New York City | Effective | 8 August 1975 [1] | Condition | 40 ratifications | Parties | 185[1] | Depositary | Secretary-General of the United Nations | Languages | Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish | Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs at Wikisource | The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 is an international treaty to prohibit production and supply of specific (nominally narcotic) drugs and of drugs with similar effects except under licence for specific purposes, such as medical treatment and research. As noted below, its major effects included updating the Paris Convention of 13 July 1931 to include the vast number of synthetic opioids invented in the intervening thirty years and a mechanism for more easily including new ones. From 1931 to 1961, most of the families of synthetic opioids had been developed, including drugs in whatever way related to methadone...
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...and the elements which surround them engulf and suffocate millions throughout the world in financial greed, criminal behavior, and uncontrollable addictions. These elements all too often lead to unrecoverable financial debts, instabilities in relationships, incarceration, and death. Many laws have been enacted as a result of the adverse actions and incidents related to drugs. These laws highly regulate the manufacturing of, use, possession, and distribution of drugs. Additionally, there have been strong efforts in attempting to treat those who have been victimized by the ruthless effects of drugs. One form of treatment is through rehabilitation and counseling programs. These programs are offered throughout many cities and in every state. One of those programs, located in California, was researched and concluded with a better understanding as to their mission in treating those affected by addiction. Part I. Interview with a Treatment Option Moderator or...
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...Research Design Proposal Michael Ford JUS300 April 27, 2011 Research Problem and Objective: The D.A.R.E. program began in 1983 as a demand-side strategy in the U.S. War on Drugs. The D.A.R.E. program is used in nearly 80% of the school districts in the United States, in 54 other countries around the world, and is taught to 36,000,000 students each year. D.A.R.E. is a police officer-led series of classroom lessons. The goal of the program is to teach kids how to live a drug, alcohol, and violence-free life. But since it began, the program has been the target of criticism. As the D.A.R.E. teacher in our school system, I would like to study the affects the program has had on our local children. At the present time, due to budget cuts, I teach only 5th grade D.A.R.E. classes. Until 2 years ago, I taught kindergarten through 6th grade with some additional lessons taught to 7th and 8th graders. I would like to study these kids and find out how effective the program has been and if it is beneficial to teach the program to additional grades. I feel as though it is important to know if this highly popular program is effective in reducing alcohol and drug use. The study information will be gathered, analyzed, and used to promote the importance of keeping the program alive in the school system. Hypothesis: Prove that the D.A.R.E. program taught at the grade school level does help children learn about the dangers of drugs and teaches them how to just say no. This is a...
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...Effects of Drug Abuse Drugs can be found everywhere an individual looks and it can seem like just about everyone around you is doing drugs. Learning the different types of drugs and the effects it has can help to say no when someone offers you a “buzz.” Not all drugs are bad, some are prescription drugs offered by doctors others are used for the pleasure people claim they bring. Not only can drug abuse affect the body and loved ones, but also society. Marijuana, cocaine, heroin, and ecstasy are some of the many drugs that are being used today but only three of them are mostly known. Marijuana also known as weed, is the most commonly used illegal drug in the United States. When an individual smokes marijuana its gives off an immediate sensation of a dream-like surrounding, increased appetite, and drowsiness. The effects typically wear off within an hour or two, but that depends on the abundance of the product. Some people dont see how this can be harmless to a person’s body compared to cigarette smoking and/or drinking, and although there are not any major issues, there are complications. A person who smokes marijuana can have changes in the brain, making it harder to remember things and pay attention. smoking it a lot and for a vast amount of time can effect fertility by decreasing a man’s sperm count and delaying a women’s ovulation. A female who smokes while pregnant can give birth to a baby with behavioral and developmental problems. Smoking marijuana can also effect the...
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...members. For my father, it was death and luckily for my mom, things turned out better being that she is now 23 years clean and is able to be a great parent/ role model for me. Some effects caused by drug use are physical consequences, the effect on others, and the withdrawing process. Drug abuse can be detrimental to not only the user, but also the people around them; drug abuse is a disease and it can lead to serious consequences in a person’s life. The physical consequences of drug are destructive! The use of drugs messes up our body as a whole and causes negative effects such as body odor, tooth decay, weight loss, weight gain, and even high blood pressure. An analysis of data from the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse between 1979-2002 (now the National Survey on Drug Use and Health) estimated that 590,000 young adults aged 18–29 had ever injected drugs. (Aids.gov, 2013) Because addicts are not mindful of the risks being that they are in their disease, they are careless of the precautions that should be taken when sharing / passing around their drugs to others. Many diseases can derive from the use of drugs. For example, hepatitis C, this disease is very common in IV drug users who share the same needle and is not curable. According to John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (2013), in the United States, injection drug users are the group at highest risk for infection with hepatitis C virus. Estimates suggest that more than...
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...Delinquency and Substance Abuse Delinquency is a term that is used to describe illegal or antisocial behaviors and activities. Delinquent behavior may include drug use, underage drinking, violence, sex crimes or property crimes. Individuals who are delinquent typically express antisocial opinions, are involved in activities that are dangerous, harmful and wrong and are often outspoken in their rejection of punishments associated with their crimes. In some cases, there is a strong link between delinquent behavior and substance abuse. Many delinquents will seek out activities that are considered criminal or wrong. In this case, drug use is both criminal and socially unacceptable in most cases. A delinquent person may be under the influence of alcohol and or drugs when they commit a crime, or they may be committing a crime such as theft to get funds to support their drug and alcohol use. Delinquency is considered a serious issue, with several different theories relating to its cause. Some theorists suggest that delinquency is the result of psychological health. Particular behavior or mood disorders may be associated with the involvement in delinquent activities, including substance abuse. Antisocial personality disorder is one condition that is closely linked with delinquent behavior. This condition is typically associated with abnormal or destructive thinking, perception and relationships with others. In other words, a delinquent does not have any regard for right and wrong,...
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...Student In today’s society there are a number of college students and teens, who misuse prescription drugs for nonmedical reasons along with street drugs such as marijuana, ecstasy, heroin and steroids. Drugs and alcohol use on college campuses is universal. This has been an epidemic that has grown across the United States. According to Yusko,Buckman, White, and Pandina; alcohol and drug use in college is one of the more serious problems faced by colleges today .Another study stated that 90 percent of teens said they have used alcohol, over 50 percent have used marijuana, 17 percent used cocaine and 13 percent have used some form of hallucinogenic drug. Athletes are at risk to drug use because of the increased physical demand of athletics and heightens stress and time constraints placed upon them by fulfilling the dual role of being an athlete and student (Yusko, Buckman, White, Pandina, 2008). Peer pressure in itself is an epidemic and strongly impacts nonathletic individuals as well. The use of prescriptions drugs for nonmedical use is higher than are use of cocaine, heroin, hallucinogens, ecstasy, and inhalants all combined. Prescription Opioids result in more drug abuse deaths than both cocaine and heroin combined (Katelyn Rozenbroek& Rothstein, 2011).There are a lot of factors that drive teens and college students to turn to drugs and alcohol. The highest rates of prescription drugs used non-medically occur among college students and other young adult’s ages 18 to 24...
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...might assume that television programming would have a strong influence on the habits of young viewers, so the main question is: what, if any, is the correlation between the increase in drug use on television and drug use among teens and young adults? There is a large amount of drug use on television, ranging from programming to advertising during commercial breaks. A study titled “Television Advertising and Drug Use,” published in the American Journal of Public Health, “investigated TV drug advertising as a factor in encouraging the abuse of legitimate and illegitimate drugs” (Peterson et al). The purpose of the study was to determine whether or not current National Association of Broadcasters (NAB) guidelines regarding drug advertising commercials are strict enough. While the discussion portion of the study revealed that there is room for improvement, it also stated: Our findings do not establish a causal link between drug advertising and drug abuse. However, they suggest that drug promotion on television tends to encourage favorable attitudes towards drug use through exaggerated claims and through failure to point out the need to exercise appropriate caution in drug taking. Other studies have implied a relation between the susceptibility of drug-using individuals to advertising and their tendencies toward...
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... Introduction …………………………………………………… ..Page 3 What is Contingency Management? …………………………….Page 3 Traditional delivery of Treatment …………………………….....Page 4 What is the role of the Human service Worker?…………………Page 5 What Does Outcome Studies Report? …………………………..Page 7 Conclusion ………………………………………………………Page 11 References ………………………………………………………Page 13 Abstract Contingency management in medicine is a treatment plan that gives immediate rewards for desired changes in behavior. It is based on the principle that if a good behavior is rewarded, it is more likely to be repeated. This is often used in the treatment of drug and alcohol abuse, and is being studied as a smoking cessation method. Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit substance in the United States, with approximately 5.5 million regular weekly users and high prevalence among young adults. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in marijuana use as well as in rates of marijuana use disorders among adults in the 18- to 29-year old age range, most markedly among members of ethnic groups. This paper will define contingency management and how it is implemented by a competent and trained human service worker. By using contingency management the effective treatment of marijuana abuse and the ability to abstain will be investigated. Introduction Contingency management in medicine is a treatment plan that gives immediate rewards for desired changes in behavior. It is...
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