...Sports and Substance Abuse By Amanpreet Sekhon Under the Direction of Natasha Sessoms, MA At Unitek College Introduction Sports are becoming more relevant as a major influence in the life of a human. The relationship between drug abuse in sports and society adds a different perspective on how sports effects individuals, and perhaps even society as a whole. Unfortunately, society seems to view ‘winning’ as something which is more important than the game itself. Success in sports brings fame, popularity, and may even impact scholarships and university entrance for many individuals. The societies’ demands and expectations from sports are rising over time. Society seems to view ‘winning’ as something which is more important than the game itself; consequently, the influence of drugs in competitive sports is becoming more relevant. Overview The urge to win or watch your favorite team win is becoming a societal expectation and norm. Athletes feel that they need to take drugs to help them to perform and win in the respective sport they are competing in. Whether you are watching, playing it, or talking about it, sports are becoming a major entertainment and a major part of the life of a human. Data from Lloyd D. Johnston (May 2007), reveals that 2.7% of twelfth graders utilized steroids, while 1.8% and 1.6% for the tenth and eighth graders respectively. Youths can easily be influenced into using steroids from peer pressure or the need...
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...black coaching issue Myron Medcalf [ARCHIVE] ESPN.com | July 18, 2013 When a national sportswriter calls to talk about minority hiring in college basketball, folks of all races seem to get nervous. As I sought feedback following last week's release of the "2012 Racial and Gender Report Card: College Sport" by Central Florida's Institute for Diversity and Ethics in Sport -- the report excludes historically black colleges and universities -- which states that the current pool of Division I African-American head coaches (18.6 percent through the 2011-12 season) is at its lowest mark since the 1995-96 season, people weren't sure what, if anything, they should say. Multiple administrators passed on the opportunity. The NCAA wanted to see my questions, and then it wanted a pre-interview phone conversation before it ultimately emailed its responses. The coaches who talked on the record always ended our chats with the same concern: "I didn't say anything that will make me look bad, right?" Shaka Smart Andy Lyons/Getty Images To reach Shaka Smart's level, black coaches often have to overcome certain labels. I don't blame them. It's an incendiary issue, because we're uncomfortable with race as dialogue. It's still a subject that makes athletic directors -- 89 percent of whom are white at the Division I level, per the report -- squirm. Minority coaches speak cautiously, because they don't want to be labeled as rebels or militants. That hesitancy is a significant...
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...The NFL is not just a space that removes everyday concerns but a ‘cultural barometer for measuring the deeper.’ Racism and inequality continue to be evident despite modern society’s advances. For centuries, African Americans have been victims of a caste system that has suppressed them from equal rights and freedom (Michelle 2012) By the NFL punishing a player for practicing freedom of speech, the NFL owners play role the slave owners, Ku Kux Klan members, and unjust police men, did in their time period, to suppres the fear of intimacy created by the different racial caste...
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...If I give it my all, I can get everything that I want and more. This rhetoric is what our great country is built upon: The American Dream. No matter who you are and where you come from, with determination and persistence, you can fulfill your wildest dreams. This concept represents several key American values: racial equality, capitalism, and an emphasis on merit over social status. Although the American community preaches equality for all, its racially-fueled disapproval of Richard Sherman’s “outburst” is a microcosm of Americans’ selective application of the American Dream, the tendency to view those who come from underprivileged neighborhoods as inherently and genetically unequipped with the cognitive tools required for academic and professional success. On January 19th, 2014, the day of the NFL NFC Championshp, the stakes could not have been greater; Richard Sherman was just thirty seconds away from his first Super Bowl. Sherman’s Seattle Seahawks led the San Francisco 49ers 23-17, leaving the 49ers with a final opportunity to win the game. The 49ers ran a play for Michael Crabtree, whom Sherman was guarding, who was making his way into the end zone. Sherman, the NFL’s best cornerback, leaped with Crabtree and tipped the pass towards a teammate in a historic play that ended the 49ers season and, in turn, catapulted both Richard Sherman and the Seattle Seahawks into the history books. Sherman, who has had publicized personal problems with Crabtree in the past, made an emphatic...
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...Berkeley Preparatory School Jim Brown’s Role in Shaping Perceptions of Athletes as Advocates for Social Change. Arjun Tummala Honors US History - H Block Mr. Kurt Wahlgren March 15, 2024 To what extent did the activism of Cleveland Browns running back Jim Brown shape perceptions of athletes as advocates for social change? Table of Contents:. Introduction Jim Brown's Emergence as an Activist Public Perceptions and Reactions Legacy and Influence on Athlete Activism Tainted Legacy Conclusion. Both historically and contemporarily, professional athletes have gained popularity not solely for their exceptional abilities within their respective sports, but also for...
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...The Effects of Academic Clustering and Anxiety on College Athletes Performance Corey Darnell Rolling Northern Illinois University The Effects of Academic Clustering and Anxiety on College Athletes Performance Significance of Problem In the past 30 years, college athletics has grown into a big business. With sponsorships from top tier athletic brands and broadcasting deals with major television station such as American Broadcasting Company (ABC) television station. The ability to recruit the best of the best athletes has resulted in millions of dollars of revenue for the university. Universities like Arkansas, Ole Miss and LSU, are identified by their athletic programs solely. Although these universities may have top...
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...Media in a Pluralistic Society (Communications) It wasn’t until the 1960’s that women started to break into the previously male-dominated world of sports broadcasting. With many setbacks, difficulties and a large male audience and workforce to win over, female sports broadcasters have endured many challenges and earned the positions they have today. Although the ratio is still what some would consider unfair, the examination of some of the pioneers of female sports broadcasting can help us gain a better understanding of both the evolution of female sports-broadcasting and the unique role in which they play today. Considered three of the most influential figures in female sports broadcasting history, Jane Chastain, Gayle Gardner and Jeannie Morris each have a career and story detrimental to the progression and current position of women in sports broadcasting today. Jane Chastain is documented and credited with being the first woman to work for a large network, and is also widely considered the fist woman to do play-by-play. Being the icebreaker, her role is important but however, her struggles and setbacks as a woman were not well documented. Jeannie Morris’s however, were. A talented journalist and writer, Morris didn’t have a difficult time breaking into the field. Morris was also thought to of gotten the job through her husband’s assistance, Johnny Morris, who is the all-time leader in receiving yards for the Chicago Bears. Morris may have gotten her foot in the door...
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...Group C An Analysis of “Peer Pressures and Accusation of Acting like Others” Table of Contents Introduction………………………………...............………....................4 Media’s Role in Stereotyping……………………………………….…..….4 Origin of “Acting White”……………………………...………………...…6 Accusations of “Acting White” in the Caribbean…………………………..8 Combating Accusations of “Acting White”…….…………………………10 “Acting White” and its affects on Identity”……………………………….11 Peer Pressure and Physical Appearance…………………………………..12 Coping with Peer Pressure……………………..……......................….…13 Summary ………………………………..................................................14 References ………………………………................................................15 Introduction In the article “Peer Pressures and Accusation of Acting like others” Author Dr. Bahaudin Mujtaba investigates the pressures students face to conform to what their peers consider acceptable. Due to media exposure and lack of understanding diversity, stereotyping minorities has become more prevalent and those who step out of the box are accused of acting like others. The article references the accusations of acting white that black students face when striving for good grades and aiming for professional careers. The article also references the spread of these accusations in the Caribbean. Students face peer pressure of acceptance not only in racial and ethnic identity but in appearance as well. These accusations can lead to...
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...in the flourishing sports market. Journal of consumer Marketing, 22(5), 257-264. • Purpose of the study See how word of mouth affects sports market in women • Methodology adopted Media habits of 118 girls used to generate result using theory of consumer socialization • Findings Hypothesis were found true and females are influenced significantly by WOM • Managerial implications This study is limited to USA, other parts give a unexplored market • Conclusion WOM is a good influencer for teen girls in the US region w.r.t. sports market 2. Dix, S., Phau, I., & Pougnet, S. (2010). “Bend it like Beckham”: the influence of sports celebrities on young...
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...Affirmative Action and its Role in Society Affirmative action which is defined as hiring a slightly less qualified candidate from a disadvantaged group over a white male is looked at in two contrasting ways by Edwin C. Hettinger and Louis Pojman. After carefully reading the two articles it is clearly apparent to me that hiring less qualified candidates from a disadvantaged group over a white male is unjustified and I plan to prove that in the following piece of writing. In the article What is Wrong with Reverse Discrimination by Hettinger he makes several claims in support of affirmative action and uses several arguments to show how it is justified. In Pojman’s article The Moral Status of Affirmative Action several arguments are put forward to address issues on how the idea of affirmative action has been taken from its original intention and has ended up as the strong affirmative action that is seen in recent history. Finally the ideas and final take away from the comparison of these two articles and an ideal course of action resides in less of an extreme approach considered by Hettinger and the arguments and claims he has proposed and more of a middle ground that is constantly referenced by Pojman. The general idea of Hettinger’s thoughts on why affirmative action is justified stem from his understanding that minorities and other disadvantaged groups are underrepresented in various workplaces and professional settings. Hettinger believes to rectify this that a policy must be...
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...Race and Sports in America By: Patrick Minnick December 12, 2014 “A life is not important except in the impact it has on other lives”. This quote proved true for no one more than the man who said it, Jackie Robinson. Robinson is seen as a pivotal figure in the fight for racial equality in America. However, he didn’t make his impact through speeches, civil right protests, or violent rebellion. Robinson did it by playing the sport he loved, baseball. Sports have always had an ability to bring people together, but, in the last century especially, sports have given racial minorities something they can’t find elsewhere; a chance to compete on a level playing field with everyone else. Jackie Robinson showed that race is simply a myth, a superficial characteristic that holds no insight to the physical or mental abilities of a person. Sports by themselves show no racism and serve as a constant reminder of this racial myth. Sadly, people are more reluctant to abandon old beliefs; meaning racism still runs deep in the organizations that are built around these sports. This research paper will focus mainly on three subcategories: 1) The history of the relationship between sports and race in America; 2) How sports have benefited or damaged race relations; 3) Why certain sports are more popular among different races. The history of sports in America dates all the way back to the Native Americans who played an early form of lacrosse that was used for recreation and promoting teamwork...
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...ARTICLES Sociology o Sport Journal, 1998, 15, 1-20 f O 1998 Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc. "Disciplining the Body": HIV-Positive Male Athletes, Media Surveillance,and the Policing of Sexuality Shari Lee Dworkin and Faye Linda Wachs University of Southern California This paper analyzes how mainstream print media polices sexuality through framings of HIV-positive male athletes. We analyze the HN-positive announcements of Magic Johnson, Greg Louganis, and Tommy Morrison. Specifically, we discuss differences between the framing of gay men (Louganis) and self-identifiedheterosexual men (Johnson and Morrison). First, there is an extensive search for the ways Magic Johnson and Tommy Morrison contracted HIVIAIDS. Media coverage emphasizes that "straights can get it too" through promiscuity and a "fast lane" lifestyle. Consistent with the historically automatic conflation of HIVIAIDS with gay identity, the media pose no inquiries into the cause of Louganis' HIV transmission. We close our discussion by focusing on the meaning of extending the signifier of HIVIAIDS beyond gay bodies to include working class and black male bodies. Media surveillance of sexual identity and the body reinforces hegemonic masculinity in sport while feeding into the current sexual hierarchy in U.S. culture. Cette Ctude porte sur la f a ~ o n les mCdias Ccrits surveillent et contr6lent la sexualit6 par dont le biais de leur traitement des athlktes masculins skro-positifs.Nous analysons les annonces de skro-positivitk...
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.............3 Evidence of Racism in Hockey Minor Hockey.......................................................................................3 Professional Hockey.............................................................................6 Impacts of Racism in Hockey............................................................................8 Influencing Factors...........................................................................................8 Corrective Action.............................................................................................10 Conclusion........................................................................................................12 ------------------------------------------------- INTRODUCTION Canada’s favourite past time hockey has and continues to endure racism throughout all levels of the sport. This paper will expose the institutional racism in Canadian hockey associations with an emphasis on black hockey players. Drawing credible news reports and personally experiences, I will provide evidence that institutional racism is deeply rooted within the fabric of the sport, which can be observed from the actions and behaviour of authoritative figures. Additionally, the essay will analyze the implications from racial discrimination in both minor and professional hockey. By doing so, valuable information will be discovered to understand the true underlying factors that are influence and permit racist behaviour...
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...9. Using the product/market expansion grid (Ansoff Matrix), how would you go about expanding the sales of Red Bull? Criteria: Market Penetration , Market Development, Product Development, Diversification. (10) Market Penetration: An increase in sales can be made through new promotions or a wider range of adverts and advertising platforms, that will increase the consumption of Red Bull. With minor changes to their product, for example the taste, different flavours, Red bull will also meeting their consumers need for variety. Although I believe that Red Bull already has a very firm market share, as Red Bull was the highest selling energy drink in the world, with 5.387 billion cans sold in 2013, there is still a lot of competition in the energy drink market, like Monster , Red Bull will also need to look into a rewards program to make sure they keep their loyal customers and to attract new customers to the brand. Expansion to other markets, such as Asia and Japan, which has a high percentage of youth, will also help increase Red Bull sales. Market Development: Red Bull can vary their current product and introduce it into a new market by making their product low cost. Different geographical markets can be targeted locally and abroad, to reposition Red Bull as the drink of choice. A variety of sales channels can be used to target different groups of people, for example instead of selling the product in retail shops , the product can be bought online and shipped/couriered to...
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...Manifesto for the Chief Executive Election 2012 C.Y. Leung ONE HEART, ONE VISION C.Y. Leung 1 4 1. Population and Human Resources 10 2. Land Planning and Transportation 16 3. Economic Policy 22 4. Housing 34 5. Education 39 6. Social Welfare 44 7. Medical and Health Services 51 8. Religion, Culture and Arts 56 9. Sports Policy Table of Content Foreword 62 10. Environment Protection and Conservation 66 11. Administrative and Political System 72 Epilogue 80 ONE HEART, ONE VISION 2 3 Election 2012, has provided me with a much deeper understanding of the expectations of different sectors in our society. And, at the same time, it has strengthened my resolve to serve the community as a whole. During this period, my campaign team and I have visited all 18 districts, held consultative gatherings ~ "Together we write the Manifesto" ~ and met with people from all walks of life at close quarters. We listened to the views expressed by ordinary people, who make up the majority of the population, and we talked to business people, both big corporations and local traders alike. We attended numerous other activities, met with Members of the Election Committee and answered their queries. Every step of the way, we were accompanied by the media, reporting and helping us to spread our messages to those who were not able to come to the gatherings. We were mindful that every proposal which...
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